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Universal PLC SoC Platform for
Smart Metering and Smart Grids
Dr.-Ing. Bernhard Rauscher
VP Applications EMEA Region
Smart Grid Applications Scenario
2
Energy monitoring systems
Command and control
Home & Building Automation
Electric Vehicle charging
Street Lighting Control
Smart Energy Distribution
Narrowband PLC is one of the most suitable
communication technology for smart grid applications, but
silicon implementation has to effectively address some
major challenges….
Smart metering
2
• B-FSK / n-PSK modulation
• +50 Munit deployments in Italy, Spain, Romania + WW pilots
• Evolving specifications driven by Meters and More Association
Narrowband PLC first challenge:
protocols fragmentation 3
• OFDM modulation
• +6 Munit deployments in Spain, Portugal, Poland + WW pilots
• Evolving specifications driven by PRIME Alliance
• FSK,PSK,OFDM, SS, …
• x - Millions units installed in China, Africa, Russia, …..
• New technologies/protocols coming...
OTHERS,
PROPRIETARY
CLC/prTS 50568-4
ITU-T G.9904
• OFDM modulation
• G3-LINKY&SOGRID programs started by ERDF in France + WW pilots
• Evolving specifications driven by G3 Alliance ITU-T G.9903
• OFDM modulation
• WW pilots start , certification in development (HP Netricity)
• Evolving specifications driven by IEEE 1901.2 WG 1901.2
• S-FSK modulation
• G1-LINKY program by ERDF in France (300 kunit installed) + WW pilots IEC61334-5-1
Narrowband PLC second challenge:
regulatory fragmentation 4
• PLC Frequency bands in Europe (CENELEC) • Band A (3 kHz – 95 kHz) dedicated to electricity suppliers
• Band B (95kHz-125 kHz) and Band D (140kHz – 148.5kHz) general end user apps
• Band C (125kHz – 140kHz) end user apps regulated by CSMA
• FCC (non-CENELEC)
• PLC Frequency bands in USA (FCC) • 10kHz – 490kHz
• PLC Frequency bands in Japan (ARIB) • 10kHz – 450kHz
• PLC Frequency bands in CHINA • 3kHz – 500kHz
CHINA
FCC
ARIB
CENENEC
A B C D
• Evolving regulations
• WW trend to exploit full
500kHz band
5
Application
MCU
Mains Sensor
Metrology
AFE
Typical Smart Grid node chips-set
•Power Line Modem IC • PLC SoC or DSP
• Possible dedicated MCU for upper layers FW management
•PLC Analog Front End
• RX, TX AFE
• Power Line Driver
•Metrology AFE • High accuracy Analog Front-End
• Possible dedicated MCU for metrology management
•Application MCU
• Application management
PLC
AFE
PLC
Modem
Display Local
Port Com
EEPROM
FLASH
Narrowband PLC third challenge:
silicon integration
• Need for system higher integration, lower cost, smaller size…
6
Application
MCU
Mains Sensor
Metrology
AFE
Display Local
Port Com
STCOMET
Meter-on-Chip
• Full system in a single chip
• Unique HW
• Multiple PLC standards by SW
• full 500kHz band support
ST answer to narrowband PLC challenges:
“STCOMET” Platform
PLC
AFE
PLC
Modem
7 STCOMET Platform Highlights
Power Line Modem • Low power, high performing, Re-programmable DSP engine
• Multiple PLC standards: G3, PRIME, G1, P1901.2, Meters & More,…
• Integrated RX and Tx PLC Analog Front-End
• Integrated low distortion, Smart Power Line Driver
• Compliant with CENELEC, FCC, ARIB regulations
• 500kz extended band capabilities
Application Engine • Cortex-M4 Core @ 96MHz, FPU
• 1MB Flash & 128kB RAM embedded memories
• State of the art RTC and Encryption engines
• Full set of peripherals
Communication blocks: • 4 USART, 5 SPI, 2 I2C, 2 CAN
• 86 multiplexed GPIOs
Embedded Security • AES 128/192/256, Advanced mode (GCM, CCM, ECB, GMAC…)
• True random generation, ISO7816 compatible USART
Embedded Energy Metering • Exceed Class 0.2 Meter requirements
• 3 Independent 24-bit SD converters (Vp, Ip, In)
• 0.1% accuracy over 1:5000 range
• 3.6kHz bandwidth, up to 72th (60th) harmonic content @ 50Hz (60Hz)
7
STCOMET10 fully mature since May 8th 2015
STCOMET 3ph Solution
• For sampling synchronization, COMET
can deliver the dedicated 16MHz clock
signal to STPM34
• Internal MCU (Cortex-M4) computes
all the data (coming from the DSPs) to
provide the total measured energy
• Note : Raw data can be used to
implement proprietary algorithms in
the MCU (DSPs by-passed).
3ph approach with isolated current sensing (CT/RoCoil)
N L1 L2 L3
ΣΔ
ΣΔ DSP
V2
SPI /
UART ΣΔ A C2
L3 Current
STPM34
L2 Voltage
L2 Current
ΣΔ V1 L3 Voltage
N L1 L2 L3
N Current
L1 Current
L1 Voltage
SPI /
UART
C1
GPIO
C2 Cortex-M4
PLC
COMET
A
ΣΔ
ΣΔ
ΣΔ A
A
C1
V
DSP
LCD
8
M&M
LL
STCOMET FW Stacks Flexibility
• Real-Time Firmware
• Coupled with PLC HW features
• Application: • Metering
management
• Non Real-Time
Firmware • Data handling
• Network
management
• Priority to
Application
(Legal) tasks
PRIME PHY
PRIME MAC
CL
IPv6
CL
4-32
TCP/UDP
Wrapper Layer IEC 62056-47
COSEM App. Layer (IEC62056-53)
COSEM Metering Object model
G3
PHY
G3
MAC
6LowPAN
IPv6 IPv4
CL
IPv4
Application
G1
PHY
G1
MAC
IEC
61334-4-32
LLC
1901.2
PHY
1901.2
MAC
M&M
PHY
M&M
CL
M&M
Data Model
M&M
App. Layer
Other
Physical
Other
Data
Link
Network
Transp.
High
Layers
9
Cort
ex M
4
PLC
Modem
• the STCOMET protocols can be
upgraded remotely through FW
upgrade procedure.
• This way, the Utility can switch
from one protocol to another one
during meter life time, or during
pilots
STCOMET-based Meter on-field update 10
STCOMET
PRIME SW
G3 SW
G1 SW
Meters&More
. . .
Enabled by bootloader, MPU, freeRTOS, autonomous metrology
STCOMET ready for G3
• STCOMET first platform certified in LAN in October 2014
• STCOMET CENELEC G3
• October 2014: PAN device certified
• Feb 2015: PAN Coordinator certified
• STCOMET FCC G3
• October 2015: PAN device certified (Differential mode).
• December 2015: PAN device certified (Coherent mode)
11
11
STCOMET Ready for PRIME
• PRIME 1.3.6 CENELEC band certified • PHY, MAC and CL certification: October 2014
• Fully compatible and interoperable with previous STarGRID
ST7590 implementation
• PRIME 1.4 FCC band • Interoperability tests passed
• Service and base nodes
• PRIME 1.4 Transitory mode certification: October 2015
• PRIME 1.4 full certification following PRIME Alliance tools
avaialbility
12
Sep-15 © 2014 PRIME Alliance AISBL. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & Confidential 13
Recent Updates + Version 1.4
Expanded Frequency
Expanded Frequency PRIME bands span from CENELEC A band (<95kHz) to FCC and ARIB spectrums (<500 kHz)
with data rate up to 980kbps
Data Security for successful roll-out of large scale PLC-based networks. State-of-the-art encryption and authentication at MAC and
APP Layer by new Security Profile Security
IPv6 Support IPv4 and IEC 61334-4 -32 support, IPv6 support as a convergence layer over
PRIME MAC and PHY layers.
Backwards Compatibility
Fully backwards compatible with the 6+ million installed meters, corresponding Data Concentrators and Gateways with PRIME
Specifications 1.3.6.
Increased Robustness
New PHY PDU defined, adding increased robustness without additional complexity or cost implication
STCOMET within SOGRID
• STCOMET is being used in a pilot in Toulouse (South of France ) to
build e-meter, concentrator and coordinator
• DATA concentrator integrates two modems: one for FCC band and
one for CENELC-A band
15
Concentrator Cen-A and FCC
E-meter Coordinator HV A
SA SA SA
PLC CENELEC-A PLC FCC MV – 20 000V LV – 230V ERDF backbone
15
SOGRID project with STCOMET see www.metering.com Sept. 8th
• Integrating G3-PLC communication and sensing in end-to-end backbone
• Increased granularity in grid observability with Smart Sensing (LV/MV)
• Full real time supervision and grid management (LV/MV)
• Fault detection and failure prediction
• Supervision and management of G3-PLC communication network in both CENELEC
and FCC bands
• Secure and autonomous grid management
• Low latency
• Integrated economical project
• Field experiment schedule
• Toulouse, France
• 1 000 locations
• November 2015 – June 2016
16
10 SOGRID Partners: ST, Sagemcom, L+G, Nexans, Capgemini, LAN, Trialog,..
Funded by the French Agency for Environment + Energy Management
SOGRID Field test on MV using G3-FCC on
STCOMET
• Characterization of the link (underground cables)
in different location has been done. We observed
an attenuation of 30 to 40dB of the PLM signal with
a low and flat noise floor (max 60 dBµV)
• PHY tests shows very good results using different
G3 modulations (DQPSK, D8PSK)
• Endurance tests have also been done at higher
level (UDP) and we noticed that the quality of the
MV network is stable in time
17
LQI: Link quality indicator
STCOMET for Data Concentrator 18
• STCOMET used as PLC
modem
• PHY Layer
• MAC Layer
• Adaptation layer
• Higher layers if needed
• Extension of the
embedded resources
• External Parallel RAM
• External Parallel
FLASH
• External Serial
FLASH/EEPROM
18
STCOMET complete ecosystem ready for final products design and full life support 19
Design Resources • Datasheet
• User Manuals
• Reference Manual
• Application Notes
• HW
• Boot
• Metrology
PLC Protocols FW Libraries • G1-S-FSK, IEC 61334-5-1 available
• G3-PLC (CENELEC A ) available & certified
• PRIME 1.3.6 (CENELEC A) available & certified
• G3-PLC (FCC/ARIB) available, ready for certification
• PRIME 1.4 transitory mode available, ready for certification
• IEEE 1901.2 (FCC) available
SW Integration Support • IAR/ KEIL toolchain
• Peripherals Drivers
• Metrology management SW
• Memory Protection Unit Management
• Legal separation example
• Remote FW Upgrade example
• Free RTOS integration
• SW/FW Documentation
• Network Emulator Test bench
Mature product
Evaluation boards • STCOMET Development kit deliverable:
• Schematics
• Gerber files (4-Layer PCB)
• Bill of Material (BOM)
• Firmware / Software / GUI
• EN50065 EMC certified
• PRIME & G3 certified
19
EVLKSTCOMET10-1 and GUIs
20
• Full STCOMET Development kit • Full testability of each function of COMET device
• Supports today G1, G3, PRIME for customer
evaluation, future standards implementation ongoing
• IAR/KEIL Toolchains and debuggers • Simple connection through USB connector
• Flash/Debug/Run PLC and Metrology SW
• GUI for PLC testing • PHY/MAC/ADP
• Automatic packets sending with PER calculation
• GUI for Metrology testing • Voltage/current/frequency/Sag & Swell display
• Power/Energy calculations
• EN50065 full compliance certified by IMQ in October 2014
20
STCOM/STCOMET Platform Roadmap 21
M&M Profile 1
M&M Profile 2
…
PRIME v.1.3.6
CENELEC
PRIME v.1.4
FCC
…
G3 CENELEC A
G3 Coherent
Modes
G3 FCC Band
G3 ARIB Band
…
G1 S-FSK
Country specific
Customers specific
…
IEEE 1901.2 STCOMET05
STCOM10
STCOM05
1MB Flash
512KB Flash
1MB Flash
No Metrology
512KB Flash
No Metrology …
STCOMET10
STCOMET – breakthrough universal PLC
smart meter platform • STCOMET Integration breakthrough
• Full Smart meter / smart grid PLC node in a single chip
• Unique HW for multiple PLC standards
• Unique HW for multiple applications (meters, concentrators, communication modules...)
• STCOMET multi-protocols flexibility breakthrough
• Full SW-based (DSP) PLC protocol stacks (PHY, MAC, CL,..)
• Multi-protocols support: PRIME, IEEE1901.2, G3, G1, Meters&More,….
• On field completely FW upgradable
• STCOMET multi-band breakthrough
• 500kHz full band support
• Unique HW to support today and future regulations (CENELEC, ARIB, FCC,…)
• STCOMET Industrialization breakthrough
• Ready for industrial massive deployments
• Selected already by major industrial players for today and future smart grid programs 22
22