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UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN. AZHAR IQBAL KHAN M.Phil Student Iqra University , 01 December , 2013. 2. Constitution of Pakistan. 3. Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973 – Article 37-b. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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UNIVERSAL PRIMARY UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION IN PAKISTANEDUCATION IN PAKISTAN
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AZHAR IQBAL KHANAZHAR IQBAL KHAN
M.Phil StudentM.Phil Student
Iqra University, 01 December,Iqra University, 01 December, 20132013
Constitution of Pakistan
Constitution of Pakistan
33
Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973 – Article 37-b
“The State shall remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory secondary
education within minimum possible period”
44
Six Goals of Dakar - EFASix Goals of Dakar - EFA
1.1. ECCE ECCE - Early Childhood care and - Early Childhood care and
education.education.
2.2. UPEUPE - Free and compulsory - Free and compulsory
basic education .basic education .
3.3. Learning opportunitiesLearning opportunities for for
Young & Adults.Young & Adults.
4.4. Literacy RateLiteracy Rate (50% (50%
improvement).improvement).
5.5. Gender equalityGender equality - elimination of - elimination of
gender disparities.gender disparities.
6.6. Quality of educationQuality of education - Learning - Learning
achievement.achievement.
66
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGs) RELATED TO EDUCATION(MDGs) RELATED TO EDUCATION
Goals 2 Achieve Universal Primary Education
Targets 3Ensure that , by 2012 , children everywhere , boys and girls alike , will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling.
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EDUCATION SCENARIO
88
99
EDUCATION BUDGET AS % AGE OF GDP (2005-06): SOUTH ASIA
Country Percentage
Iran 4.7
India 3.8
Bangladesh 2.4
Maldives 7.5
Nepal 3.4
Pakistan 2.21 (05-06)2.44 (07-08)
Source: EFA Global Monitoring Report 20081010
GOAL 2 – PRIMARY EDUCATIONGOAL 2 – PRIMARY EDUCATION
““Ensuring that by 2015 all children with special emphasis on girls Ensuring that by 2015 all children with special emphasis on girls and children in difficult circumstances have access to and complete and children in difficult circumstances have access to and complete
free and compulsory primary education of good quality.”free and compulsory primary education of good quality.”
Net Enrolment Rate ( 5-9) age group 2009-10
5762
54 52
44
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Pakistan Punjab Sindh Khyber P.KBalochistan
Net Enrolment Rate
Pakistan
Punjab
Sindh
Khyber P.K
Balochistan
5757
2011-122011-12
Source: Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) Survey 2011-12Source: Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) Survey 2011-12 1111
6464
5050 5353
3939
NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL NERNATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL NER
AT PRIMARY LEVELAT PRIMARY LEVEL
Province/Area
2010-11 2011-12
Male Female Total Male Female Total
Pakistan 60 53 56 60 54 57
Punjab 62 59 61 65 62 64
Sindh 57 48 53 53 47 50
KPK 57 45 51 59 48 53
Balochistan 56 35 47 48 28 39
Source: Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey, 2011-12Source: Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey, 2011-12
*: Results of Balochistan are not representative as 57 areas out of 160 areas have been dropped from scope of Survey due*: Results of Balochistan are not representative as 57 areas out of 160 areas have been dropped from scope of Survey due
to security prevailing situation in Balochistanto security prevailing situation in Balochistan1212
NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL NERNATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL NER
AT PRIMARY LEVELAT PRIMARY LEVEL
Source: Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey, 2011-12Source: Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey, 2011-12 1313
PROGRESS TOWARDS GOAL 2PROGRESS TOWARDS GOAL 2
AT NATIONAL LEVELAT NATIONAL LEVEL
Indicator 2001-02 2004-05 2007-08 2010-11 2011-12MDG
Target2015
Net Primary Enrolment Rate (5-9 Years)
42 52 55 56 57 100
Completion/Survival rate 1 grade to 5
57.3 67.1 52.3 49 - 100
Literacy Rate (%) 10 years and above
45 53 56 58 58 88
Source: Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) Survey Source: Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) Survey 2011-122011-12
1414
COMPLETION / SURVIVAL RATECOMPLETION / SURVIVAL RATETILL GRADE VTILL GRADE V
Completion/survival rates to Grade V slipped during the past five years – Completion/survival rates to Grade V slipped during the past five years – from 67.1% in 2004/05 and 52.3% in 2007/08 to 49% in 2010/11. This be from 67.1% in 2004/05 and 52.3% in 2007/08 to 49% in 2010/11. This be
expected to rise, at the most to 70% by 2015.expected to rise, at the most to 70% by 2015.
2001/02
2004/05
2005/06
2007/08
2010/11
EFA Target 2015
Projected 2015
Status
Completion/Survival rate till Grade V
57.3% 67.1% 55% 52.3% 49% 100% 70%
4949
100100
00
2020
4040
6060
8080
100100
120120
2010/112010/11 EFA 2015EFA 2015
1515
Student to teacher ratio in average;
private schools 30:1 Govt. schools 50:1
STUDENT – TEACHER RATIO
Source: EFA Global Monitoring Report 2008
In Pakistan there are a total of 154,641 primary schoolsIn Pakistan there are a total of 154,641 primary schools
136,672 (88%) are in the public sector136,672 (88%) are in the public sector
17,969 (12%) are in the private sector17,969 (12%) are in the private sector
DISTRIBUTION OF PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION OF PRIMARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONSEDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Source: Pakistan Education Statistics Shown in AEPAM Report 2010-11Source: Pakistan Education Statistics Shown in AEPAM Report 2010-11
The primary stage of education in Pakistan enrolls 16.894 The primary stage of education in Pakistan enrolls 16.894
million learners/studentsmillion learners/students
11.664 million (69%) are in public sector11.664 million (69%) are in public sector
5.230 million (31%) are in private sector5.230 million (31%) are in private sector
SECTOR WISE DISTRIBUTION OFSECTOR WISE DISTRIBUTION OFPRIMAY STAGE ENROLMENTPRIMAY STAGE ENROLMENT
Source: Pakistan Education Statistics Shown in AEPAM Report 2010-11Source: Pakistan Education Statistics Shown in AEPAM Report 2010-11
Out of the total enrolment at primary stage:Out of the total enrolment at primary stage:
9.441 million (56%) are boys9.441 million (56%) are boys
7.543 million (44%) are girls7.543 million (44%) are girls
GENDER WISE DISTRIBUTION OFGENDER WISE DISTRIBUTION OFPRIMARY STAGE ENROLMENTPRIMARY STAGE ENROLMENT
Source: Pakistan Education Statistics Shown in AEPAM Report 2010-11Source: Pakistan Education Statistics Shown in AEPAM Report 2010-11
SECTOR WISE DISTRIBUTION OFSECTOR WISE DISTRIBUTION OFPRIMAY SCHOOL'S TEACHERSPRIMAY SCHOOL'S TEACHERS
The total number of primary teachers are 436,928:The total number of primary teachers are 436,928:
345,477 (79%) are in public sector345,477 (79%) are in public sector
91,451 (21%) are in private sector91,451 (21%) are in private sector
Source: Pakistan Education Statistics Shown in AEPAM Report Source: Pakistan Education Statistics Shown in AEPAM Report 2010-112010-11
GENDER WISE DISTRIBUTION OFGENDER WISE DISTRIBUTION OFPRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERSPRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
Male primary school teachers are 229,920 (53%)Male primary school teachers are 229,920 (53%)
Female primary teachers are 207,008 (47%)Female primary teachers are 207,008 (47%)
Source: Pakistan Education Statistics Shown in AEPAM Report Source: Pakistan Education Statistics Shown in AEPAM Report 2010-112010-11
MAJOR CHALLENGES AND BARRIERSMAJOR CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS
Insufficient Political Will
Weak Organizational structure, low planning and
implementation capacity
Lack of physical facilities including electricity, furniture,
washrooms etc
Lack of effective Monitoring and Evaluation System and
weak supervision
Weakened Governance
Poor Quality of Teachers & Managers2222
MAJOR CHALLENGES AND BARRIERSMAJOR CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS
Quality of curriculum, textbooks & exams
Low level of literacy
Un-attractive school environment
Out of school children & High Dropouts
Weak Public Private Partnership
In-adequate financing
Gender inequity
Inconvenient school location
2323
STEPS TAKEN TO ACCELERATE PROGRESS STEPS TAKEN TO ACCELERATE PROGRESS ON UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATIONON UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION
NFBE Schools established as BECS (14,000) and enrollment is
500,000
Through 18th Constitutional Amendment under Article 25(A)
introduced free and compulsory education of age group (5-16) as
a fundamental right
Provinces have launched a massive campaign for enrollment of
Out-of-School Children
Primary Education has been made free and textbooks are
provided free of cost
STEPS TAKEN (cont….)STEPS TAKEN (cont….)
In order to promote public-private partnerships, Education
Foundations have been set up in all the four provinces
Effective Monitoring and Supervision System, Reforms
and Assessment Examination System and Need Based
Literacy, Functional Literacy and Skill Literacy Program
planned
Grant of stipends and incentives to girls students and
female teachers
Basic education takes over almost 50% of education
budget
Setting up of primary schools for each village in hand
Providing missing facilities and capacity building of existing
schools
Under devolution Ordinance 2000, community has been
empowered to participate in the school management
School up-gradation through conventional and non-
conventional means to reduce the current imbalances
English language teaching has been introduced from class-1
Shift towards vocational / technical training
STEPS TAKEN (cont….)STEPS TAKEN (cont….)
2727
Curriculum for Early Childhood Education have been
developed
554 ECE Centres have been introduced in formal primary
education
National Education Management Information System
(NEMIS) being setup at Federal level
Existing Education Management Information System
(EMIS) at Provincial and District levels shall be
strengthened to make them responsive
STEPS TAKEN (cont….)STEPS TAKEN (cont….)
2828
Thank youThank you
2929
Quality Assurance Quality Assurance Initiatives:Initiatives:
• Improvement in provision of infrastructure and human resources for primary education.
• Provision of improved curriculum and teaching-learning materials to improve the quality of teaching-learning process.
• Attention to continuous professional development of teaches.• Establishment of Educational Assessment System.• Strengthening and up-gradation of Teacher Training
institutions.• Setting-up Academic Audit through linkage of cash awards /
incentives with quality.• Developing a National Strategy for Information Communication
Technologies (ICTs).• Setting up Examination Board in private sector.
Steps taken (cont….)Steps taken (cont….)
3030
Start with learners and take all actors into accountStart with learners and take all actors into account
Towards better quality: a holistic Towards better quality: a holistic approachapproach
3131
• Discovery-based pedagogies pioneered in many programmes are difficult to implement on national scale in resource-constrained contexts
• Structured teaching is a pragmatic option in low-income settings. Teacher presents material in small steps, checks student understanding and encourages interaction
• Regular assessment and feedback improves learning
Rigid chalk and talk pedagogy is widespreadRigid chalk and talk pedagogy is widespread
In the classroom:In the classroom:pedagogical pedagogical
renewalrenewal
3232
•Governance: school leadership, room for consultation between teachers, governments and other stakeholders on curriculum, employment and working conditions
•Participatory learning networks and professional advisory bodies to encourage sharing of best practice
•Combating corrupt practices: fraud in public tendering for school buildings and textbooks, nepotism and bribes in teacher appointment and examinations
•Equity: reducing regional and social inequalities advances education for all
Beyond the classroom: Beyond the classroom: policies conducive to better qualitypolicies conducive to better quality
3333
Successful qualitative reforms require:
• Prime attention to quality of teaching profession• Strong leading role by government• A societal project for improving education• Policy continuity over time
Wrapping upWrapping up
Education quantity and quality are complements, not substitutes