Universidad Autónoma de ChiriquíFaculty of medicine

School of Emergencias

Subject:Scientific English

Instructor:Marisol Barraza

Group presentation project:“Fracture, Sprains, Strains & Dislocations”

Group members:Gabriel, Rodriguez 4-762-1817

Stefany, Lezcano 4-763-831Joselyn,Rovira 4-763-273

Maryleivis, Guerra 4-764-2236

Date:November 21,2011

1.Glossary…………………………………………………………………...1-22.Fractures……………………………………………………………………..3 2.1.Signs and symptoms……………………………………………………4 2.2.Causes……………………………………………………………………5 2.3.the most common fracture……………………………………………..6 2.4.First AID treatment……………………………………………………..7 2.5.lifting & carrying in fractures…………………………………………..83.Sprains……………………………………………………………………….9 3.1.Signs and symptoms……………………………………………………10 3.2.Causes…………………………………………………………………...11 3.3.the most common sprains…………………………………………......12 3.4.First AID treatment……………………………………………………...13 3.5. lifting & carrying in sprains…………………………………………….144.Strains………………………………………………………………………..15 4.1.Signs and symptoms……………………………………………………16 4.2.Causes……………………………………………………………………17 4.3.the most common strains……………………………………………...18 4.4.First AID treatment………………………………………………………19 4.5. lifting & carrying in strains………………………………………........20

INDEX

5.Dislocations………………………………………………………………….21 5.1. Signs and symptoms……………………………………………………22 5.2.Causes……………………………………………………………………23 5.3.the most common dislocations………………………………………...24 5.4.First AID treatment………………………………………………………25 5.5. lifting & carrying in dislocations…………………………………........266.First AID Equipment and medications……………………………………277.Bibliography……………………………………………………………………28

1. Fractures: fracturas.2 .Sprains: esguinces de ligamentos.3. Strains: esguinces de un músculo o un tendón4. Dislocations: dislocación5. Grating sensation: sensación de fricción6. Bones rubbing together: los huesos se rozan entre si.7. Tenderness: Cuidado8. Bruising: moretones9. Splint affected area: entablillar el área afectada10. Further pain: más dolor o un nuevo dolor.11. Further injury unless moved: un mayor prejuicio en

el traslado12. Warmth: calor13.Falls : caída

Glossary

A. Definitions:A broken bone in to excessive force.

a) Inflammation

b) Pain

c) Deformity injury area

d)Internal injuries such as: d.1. bleeding

d.2. bowel perforation

e)Injury to the skin

f) Muscle spasms

A high force impact or stress. Osteoporosis (bone cancer) causes

broken bones.

Closed fracture(simple) Open fracture(compound) Greenstick fracture(incomplete) Comminuted fracture

1. Stop any bleeding.2. Immobilize the injured area.3. Apply ice packs to limit swelling

and help relieve pain.4. Treat the shock.

A. Definitions:It is an injury in a joint, caused by ligament being

stretched beyong its capacity.

a) Pain b)Swelling

c)Bruising d) Decreased ability to move

e) the ligament is rupturedf) Difficulty using the affected extremity

a) The join overextendedb) Over stretching of the jointsc) exercising , playing and other sports

1. Ankle sprains

3.Finger sprain

2.Sprained wrist

RICE:

1. Rest2. Ice3. Compression4. Elevation

A. Definitions:It is an injury to a muscle or tendon in which the

muscle fibers tear as result of overstretching.

a) Pain

b) Swelling

c) Muscle spasms

d) Limited ability to moved the affected muscle

a) The may occur on the job or during sports: gymnastics, tennis, rowing, golf and other.

1.Groin pull 2. Hamstring injury

3.Neck strains

Hamstring injury

RICE:1. Rest2. Ice3. Compression4. Elevation

A. Definitions:It is an injury in which the ends of your bones are

their not positions.

a) Pain b)Swelling

e) Difficulty to move the injured area

f) Deformity of the dislocated area

g) Bruising in the injured area

Include:a) Sports injuredb) Falls

Shoulders dislocations

Fingers dislocations

RISR1. Reduction2. Immobilization3. Surgery4. Rehabilitation

Equipment1. Splints2. Crutches3. Ice (cold packs)4. Bandage5. Sterile bandage6. Triangular bandage7. Padding8. Elastics wraps or

sleeves

Medications1. Anti-clotting medications2. Anti-coagulant drugs3. Over-the-counter pain

relievers4. Ibuprofen( Advil ,Motrin)5. Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Bone fracture1. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bone fracture2. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:broken fixed arm.jpg Strains1. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/strains injury2. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:2010-10-02 pulled

hamstring.jpg Sprains1. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sprain2. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:sprained foot.jpg Dislocations1. http//www.Ipch.org/diseasehealthInfo/healthlibrary/

ortopaedics/dislocat.html2. http//www.Ipch.org/diseasehealthInfo/healthlibrary/

ortopaedics/0389-pop.html Fractures, dislocations and soft tissue injuries chapter

121. http//www.cynergex.com.au/PDF