UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

GSM BASED APPLICATION FOR CONTROLLING WATER

SPRINKLER

This report submitted in accordance with requirement of the Universiti Teknikal

Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) for the Bachelor’s of Electronic Engineering

Technology of (Telecommunications) with honours.

by

NURFAZLINA BINTI RAMLI

B071210048

930530-01-5260

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

2015

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN PROJEK SARJANA MUDA

TAJUK: GSM Based Application for Controlling Water Sprinkler

SESI PENGAJIAN: 2015/2016 Semester 1

Saya NURFAZLINA BINTI RAMLI

Mengaku membenarkan Laporan PSM ini disimpan di Perpustakaan Universiti

Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut:

1. Laporan PSM adalah hak milik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dan penulis. 2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dibenarkan membuat salinan

untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja dengan izin penulis. 3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan PSM ini sebagai bahan

pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi.

4. **Silatandakan ( )

SULIT

TERHAD

TIDAK TERHAD

(Mengandungimaklumat yang

berdarjahkeselamatanataukepentingan Malaysia

sebagaimana yang termaktubdalam AKTA RAHSIA

RASMI 1972)

(Mengandungimaklumat TERHAD yang

telahditentukanolehorganisasi/badan di mana

penyelidikandijalankan)

__________________________

AlamatTetap:

7592 Jalan Rakyat 3

Taman Rakyat, ParitSemerah, 82000

Pontian, Johor

Tarikh: ________________________

Disahkan oleh:

__________________________

Cop Rasmi:

Tarikh: _______________________

**Jika Laporan PSM ini sulit atau terhad, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak berkuasa / organisasi

berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh laporan PSM ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai

SULIT atau TERHAD

iv

DECLARATION

I hereby, declared this report entitled “GSM Based Application for Controlling

Water Sprinkler” is the results of my own research except as cited in references.

Signature : ………………………………………….

Author’s Name : NURFAZLINA BINTI RAMLI

Date : 26th Jan 2016

v

APPROVAL

This report is submitted to the Faculty of Engineering Technology of UTeM as a

partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor’s of Electronic Engineering

Technology of (Telecommunications) with honours. The member of the

supervisory is as follow:

………………………………

(ABDUL HALIM BIN DAHALAN)

vi

ABSTRACT

Water sprinkler controlling system is a scientific process of artificially supplying water to the land. Traditionally, they depend on rainfall water that to be supplied to the field either through canals, hand pumps and tube wells. But this method had severe problem such as need to much energy to do pumping process. Hence, water sprinkler controlling system is a method of applying water which is similar to natural rainfall. It is then sprayed into the air and break into small water drops which fall to the ground. Furthermore with the advance of technology it was possible to design system that eliminated the direct involvement of the home gardener with respect to water sprinkler for their plant or yard. Watering the yard or plant by hand is effective and efficient way of applying water to the selected plants. But in several case, it prove that hand watering is not suitable to use for home gardener that always busy with their other work or goes to vacation. So this system which is sprinkler system is one of the solutions that suitable for watering the home garden. This system will use the application of GSM and will be implemented into the system. Global System for mobile communication (GSM) is a standard set used to describe protocol for digital cellular network. This GSM facility serve as important part for controlling water sprinkler system in field and sending the result to the farmer using code signal to a mobile device which indirectly control the entire water sprinkler controlling system. The process and controller work act as a central core for functioning of the automated process after it has been initiated by the GSM based device and finally present the output of the devices.

vii

ABSTRAK

Pemercik air sistem pengawal adalah proses saintifik buatan yang membekalkan air. Pada asalnya, mereka bergantung kepada air hujan yang akan digunakan untuk penyiraman sama ada melalui terusan, pam tangan dan telaga tiub. Tetapi kaedah ini mempunyai masalah seperti memerlukan tenaga yang banyak untuk melakukan proses mengepaman. Sistem pemercik air adalah salah satu cara untuk menyiram tanaman dengan menggunakan air dan sistem ini sama macam konsep air hujan. Air akan disembur ke udara dan akan menjadi titisan air dan menyerap masuk ke tanah. Tambahan pula dengan kemajuan teknologi pemercik ini dapat meringankan beban petani untuk menyiram setiap satu tumbuhan ke satu tumbuhan. Menyiram dengan kaedah tradisional adalah cara yang berkesan dan cekap untuk menyiram ke tumbuh-tumbuhan yang terpilih. Tetapi dalam beberapa kes, ia membuktikan bahawa kaedah ini tidak sesuai untuk digunakan oleh pekebun yang sentiasa sibuk dengan kerja-kerja mereka yang lain atau pergi bercuti dalam jangka masa panjang. Jadi system ini iaitu system pemercik adalah salah satu penyelesaian yang sesuai untuk menyiram tanaman di rumah. Sistem ini akan menggunakan aplikasi GSM dan akan dilaksanakan ke dalam sistem. Sistem sejagat untuk komunikasi mudah alih adalah satu set piawai yang digunakan untuk perihalkan protokol untuk rangkaian selular digit. Kemudahan GSM berkhidmat sebagai bahagian penting untuk mengawal sistem pemercik air di lapangan dan menghantar hasilnya kepada petani menggunakan isyarat kod untuk peranti mudah alih yang secara tidak langsung mengawal sistem pemercik air secara keseluruhan. Proses pembuatan dan kawalan kerja memainkan peranan sebagai pusat utama untuk fungsi automatic selepas ia dimulakan oleh peranti berasaskan GSM dan akhirnya membentangkan pengeluaran peranti.

viii

DEDICATIONS

I dedicate my thesis work to my wonderful family offered me unconditional love and

support throughout my life and the course of my Bachelor’s Degree in Electronic

Engineering Technology of Telecommunication with honours. A special feeling of

gratitude is to my loving parents Ramli bin Mahadi and Noraisah binti Aman whose

words of encouragement, immense support, and inspiration, selfless sacrifice and

push for tenacity always ring in my ears. I also dedicate this dissertation to my

friends that never stop support and encouragement to finishing my project.

ix

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

First and foremost, I would like to congratulate myself for successfully giving

the very best effort in finishing this writing. All praise and worship to Allah the

Almighty, God of The Universe for giving the strength and guidance to ease my

journey in finishing my studies. He is the one who provide me the path and strength.

For my beloved parent, a million thanks for them because non-stop give

encouragement and support throughout my life. Thank you both for giving strength

to reach for the stars and chase my dream.

I would like to sincerely thank to my supervisor, Mr. Abdul Halim Bin

Dahalan, for his tremendous help, advice, inspiration and unending guidance to me

until completing this writing. Without him, this project will not exist. He never stops

giving me support and encouragement in completing this project. Without his

valuable guidance, I would not have been able to achieve the objectivity of this

project.

To all my friends, thank you for your understanding and encouragement in

any moment of crisis during finishing this project. Your bond of friendship makes

my life a wonderful experience. I cannot list all the names here, but all of you always

on my mind. Without your support, I will never go this far.

x

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION ................................................................................................................. iv

APPROVAL ........................................................................................................................... v

ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ vii

ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................................... viii

DEDICATIONS ................................................................................................................. viii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................... ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................... x

LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ xiviv

LIST OF TABLE .............................................................................................................. xvii

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................... xviiii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1

1.0 Background Project ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.1 Problem Statement .................................................................................................. 3

1.2 Project Objective ..................................................................................................... 4

1.3 Scope of Project ....................................................................................................... 4

1.4 Project Methodology ............................................................................................... 5

1.5 Report Organization ................................................................................................ 7

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................................. 8

xi

2.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 8

2.1 Farm with Sprinkler System and Without Sprinkler System .................................. 9

2.2 Problem Faced by Sprinkler System ..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3 The types of Sprinkler System that Available at the Market ................................ 11

2.4 Historical overview of Global System for Mobile CommunicationError! Bookmark not defined.

2.4.1 System Overview ........................................................................................... 14

2.4.2 The Mobile Station (MS) ............................................................................... 15

2.4.3 Base Station Subsystem (BSS) ...................................................................... 16

2.4.4 Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS) .................................................... 16

2.5 Technology of GSM .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.5.1 Home Security System ................................................................................... 18

2.5.2 Heart Beat Monitoring ................................................................................... 19

2.6 Other Components ................................................................................................. 20

2.6.1 Arduino Uno .................................................................................................. 20

2.6.2 Single Relay Board ........................................................................................ 21

2.7 The Difference between GSM and GPRS ............................................................. 23

2.8 The different between GSM and CDMA .............................................................. 24

2.9 Past Related Research ........................................................................................... 25

2.9.1 Automatic Irrigation System Based on ZigBee Technology ......................... 25

2.9.2 Automatic Irrigation System using GSM-Bluetooth...................................... 27

2.9.3 Automatic Irrigation System using WSN’s and Wi-Fi Module ..................... 29

2.10 Comparison between Different Application for Existing Projects ........................ 30

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................... 32

xii

3.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 32

3.1 Project Flow .......................................................................................................... 33

3.1.1 Send Message to trigger relay to Switch On the Water Pump ....................... 33

3.1.2 Send Message to trigger relay to Switch Off the Water Pump ...................... 34

3.2 Work Schedule ...................................................................................................... 35

3.3 Flowchart for the Project Development ................................................................ 36

3.4 Block Diagram Project Processing ........................................................................ 38

3.5 Hardware Development ......................................................................................... 38

3.5.1 SIM900A GSM/GPRS Module ..................................................................... 38

3.5.1.1SIM900A and Module Features .......................................................... 39

3.5.1.2SIM900A Module working with Arduino Board .............................................. 40

3.5.2 Arduino Uno Board ........................................................................................ 41

3.5.3 Water Pump .................................................................................................... 42

3.5.4 Smart Phone ................................................................................................... 43

3.6 Software Development .......................................................................................... 44

CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION .................................................................... 46

4.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 46

4.1 Hardware Analysis ................................................................................................ 46

4.1.1 Overall Circuit ................................................................................................ 46

4.1.2 Testing Direct Connection between Arduino and Relay................................ 48

4.1.3 Testing GSM Module .................................................................................... 48

4.2 Project Test on Main Function .............................................................................. 49

4.3 Discussion ............................................................................................................. 53

xiii

4.3.1 Connection on Relay Board ........................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.3.2 Sprinkler System ........................................................................................... 53

4.4 Important and Impact of Project ............................................................................ 54

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .......................................... 56

5.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 56

5.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 56

5.2 Suggestion for Future Work .................................................................................. 57

APPENDIX A ...................................................................................................................... 59

REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 64

xiv

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1: GSM Module SIM900A ...................................................................................... 3

Figure 1.2: Flow Chart ........................................................................................................... 6 Figure 2.1: Farm without Sprinkler System ........................................................................... 9

Figure 2.2: Farm with Sprinkler System ................................................................................ 9

Figure 2.3: The Misting of water at Sprinkler System ......................................................... 10

Figure 2.4: Humidity Sensor ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 2.5: Drip Irrigation System ....................................................................................... 11

Figure 2.6: Official logo of GSM ......................................................................................... 12 Figure 2.7: Global System for Mobile Communication Interfaces ...................................... 14

Figure 2.8: GSM Architecture Overview ............................................................................. 15 Figure 2.9: (a)NSS and the External Environment .............................................................. 17 Figure 2.9: (b)NSS and the Internal Environment ............... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 2.10: Illustration for Home Monitoring System ....................................................... 18 Figure 2.11: Block Diagram for Heart Beat Monitoring SystemError! Bookmark not defined. Figure 2.12: The features of Arduino Uno ........................................................................... 21 Figure 2.13: Single Relay Board ........................................ 2Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 2.14: Architecture of the Field-station for Monitoring of Automatic Irrigation ...... 26 Figure 2.15:ZigBee pin Description ..................................................................................... 27 Figure 2.16: Block Diagram of Automatic Irrigation System using GSM-Bluetooth ......... 28 Figure 2.17: Basic Block Diagram of the System ................................................................ 30 Figure 2.18: Graph of Data Rate against Range of various Wireless Technology 3Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.1: Flow Chart to Switch On the Water Pump ........................................................ 33 Figure 3.2: Flow Chart to Switch Off the Water Pump ....................................................... 34 Figure 3.3: Step of Methodology ......................................................................................... 36 Figure 3.4: Block Diagram I ................................................................................................ 38 Figure 3.5:Component Description for GSM SIM900A Module ........................................ 39 Figure 3.6: Connection between Uno and GSM Module ..................................................... 40 Figure 3.7: The Arduino Schematic ..................................................................................... 41 Figure 3.8: Water Pump ....................................................................................................... 43 Figure 3.9: Smart Phone ....................................................................................................... 43 Figure3.10:Arduino Starting window Version 1.6.6 ............................................................ 44 Figure 3.11Arduino IDE Main window ............................................................................... 45 Figure 4.1: Overall Circuit ................................................................................................... 47 Figure 4.2: Installation ......................................................................................................... 47 Figure 4.3:Coding for direct connection with relay ............................................................. 48

xv

Figure4.4: Output Display at Serial Monitor ....................................................................... 48 Figure 4.5:GSM at Standby Mode ....................................................................................... 49 Figure 4.6:GSM Received SMS to Activate Water Pump ................................................... 49 Figure 4.7:Message Received and Send to User ................ 5Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 4.8: GSM send SMS to Deactivate Water Pump ...................................................... 51

Figure 4.9: GSM Module Received and Send SMS ............................................................ 52

Figure 5.1: Bluetooth Logo .................................................................................................. 57

Figure 4.2: Rain Sensor ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

xvi

LIST OF TABLE

Table 1.1: The Contribution of each Sectpr toward Malaysia’s GDP ................................... 2

Table 2.1: The Comparison between Drip Irrigation and Sprinkler System........................ 12

Table 2.2: GSM Evolution Timeline .................................................................................... 14

Table 2.3: Pin Description for Single Relay Board.............................................................. 22

Table 2.4: Comparison between CDMA and GSM ............................................................. 24

Table 2.5: Comparison of Various Wireless Standards ....................................................... 31

Table 3.1: Work Schedule for PSM1 ................................................................................... 35

Table 3.2: Work Schedule for PSM2 ................................................................................... 35

Table 3.3: The Hardware of the Project ............................................................................... 37

Table 3.4: SIM900A Feature................................................................................................ 39

Table 3.5: Module Feature ................................................................................................... 40

Table 3.6: Arduino Specification ......................................................................................... 42

xvii

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

GSM - Global System Communication

NC - Normally Closed

NO - Normally Open

IDE - Integrated Development Environment

ICIP - In Circuit Serial Programming

SIM - Subscriber Identity Module

USB - Universal Serial Bus

PMW - Pulse Width Modulation

SMS - Short Message Services

Wi-Fi - Wireless Fidelity

CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access

ETSI - European Telecommunication Standard Institute

TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol

MoU - Memorandum of Understanding

MS - Mobile Station

NSS - Network Switching Subsystem

RSS - Receive Signal Strength

OSS - Operation Support Subsystem

xviii

IMEI - International Mobile Station Equipment

IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity

HLR - Home Location Register

VLR - Visitor Location Register

ME - Mobile Equipment

EIR - Equipment Identity Register

AuC - Authentication Center

GMSC - Gateway MSC

LED - Light Emitting Diode

LDR - Light Dependent Resistor

LTE - Long Term Evolution

RF - Radio Frequency

EEPROM - Erasable Programmable Read Only

LCD - Liquid Crystal Display

WSN - Wireless Sensor Network

1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

This chapter introduces the project with its background project, problem statement,

project objectives, Scope project, project significance and report organization in

order to provide a sense of purpose and reasons to proceed with this project.

1.0 Background Project

In today’s technology that currently running with time, it actually occupied

human lifestyle. Although there is an interest for technology in our routine lives even

someone whose lifestyle is very far away for a well-known technology. But it is the

responsibility to design a few reliable systems which can be efficiently used by them.

The basic idea gave birth to the project GSM based controlling water sprinkler for

illiterates and this need to introduce automation technology in the world.

In Malaysia, agriculture industry stays to be a standout amongst those major

commercial enterprises that help at our normal GDP. As stated by a report of

Malaysia Investment Development Authority (MIDA), this business opportunity in

Malaysia agriculture was the third most contributing sector toward national GDP

(Gross household Product) during year 2012. Table 1.1 indicates the sectors that help

towards nation GDP.(Nag et al., 2007)

2

Table 1.1: The contribution of each sector towards Malaysia’s GDP

Technology nowadays brings positive impact toward this specific sector, as

stated by farmer, press, precise watering system farmer will have better yield of

crops. Under this project, the main point will be the incorporation of technology into

the watering system, to make it automated, time saving and to provide accurate

watering system. The effectiveness of this automatic watering system can be gauged

by how well the system can provide suitable developing growing environment to the

plant. This system could save the water utilization to watering system as relay will

act as a switch to ensure the valve of the water pump will be closed once the

watering plant is completed when get the notification via Short Message Services

(SMS).

But in several case the hand watering is not suitable to use because when user

needs to go for work or during traveling time who will take place their job to

watering their yard? Therefore, researchers tend to make new ideas in ensuring a

solution for this problem.

i. The goal of this project is to design and construct a “GSM Based Application

for Controlling Water Sprinkler” that will be used as a tool by farmers to

irrigate crops or farm. By using this system, it will help them to save water and

easy to handle.

Sector

GDP contribution (%)

Agriculture

7.3

Mining

6.3

Construction

3.2

Manufacturing

27.5

Services

58.6

3

ii. The Water Sprinkler Controlling System is a method of applying water which

similar to natural rainfall. The sprinkler system will irrigate to one or more

control location that will act as output. The Water sprinkler will distributed by

high pressure using the impact mechanism of water pump.

iii. The system will generate an instruction in the form of Short Message Service

(SMS) to the system when get an instruction from the user. The GSM modem

will use to allow the message to be sends to the system. GSM modem is a

Global System for mobile communication which accepts a SIM card and

operates over a subscription to a mobile. The Arduino UNO board based on the

ATmega328P and it will act as a brain of the system that control input as well

as the output of the system. The Uno will be programmed using Arduino

Software (IDE).

1.1 Problem Statement

As stated in Risk in Malaysian Agriculture, one of the threats being faced by

agriculture sector in Malaysia will be the intense environmental change. The

watering system received the bulk of its water supply from natural rain fall which

will be influenced throughout dry season and it will affect the crop yield. In order to

solve this problem, a watering system that helps to decrease that utilization and make

the plant grow healthily should be created.

Figure 1.1: GSM Module SIM900A

4

According to the report from economy planning unit, department of statistic,

the total amount of water required for watering system is about 9.0 billion which is

high as 78% of total water consumed. As a consequence, some farmers need to fork

out RM10 until RM15 to proceed their watering system.

1.2 Project Objective

The main objective of this project which is GSM based water sprinkler controlling

system is deeply concentrated on aspect as listed below:

i. To understand the application of GSM in this recent technology.

ii. To implement the application of GSM in water sprinkler controlling

system.

iii. To develop the water sprinkler controlling system based on GSM for

home garden.

1.3 Scope of Project

This project aim to reduce the usage of water utilized for watering system as

well as can saving cost. As previously stated in the issue of inconsistency of water

supply for the watering system, hence there is compelling reason to watering system

that can helps to save water. Besides, it also helps to reduce the man power needed,

as the process of watering the plant is now automated. The main scope for this

project is to focus home gardeners that have a small yard at the backyard in their

house. Besides, this system suitable for the home gardener that always busy with

other work and not have time to watering their yard.

5

This project consist of Arduino Uno as the microcontroller for the GSM

Based controlling water sprinkler, water pump and relay board that will act as a

switch to control the water pump. From the observation, Arduino Uno was chosen

because it a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input

or output pin which is 6 of them can used as PMW outputs, 6 Analog inputs, a

16MHz quart crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset

button. The GSM will receive the instruction from the user and sends the signal to

the Arduino Uno. The Arduino Uno will give an instruction to the water pump and it

starting to give a response. Then the sprinkler will initialize and starting to sprinkling

a water toward the plants.

For the software development and from study observation the Arduino

software (IDE) from Arduino was chosen because it allows serial communication on

any of the Uno’s digital pins. Besides, ATmega328 also supports TWI and SPI

communication. After that, the circuit will be implementing on the prototype. So

GSM based water sprinkler controlling system designed is helpful to farmers in

controlling water sprinkler using a mobile phone and make their work run smoothly.

This prototype can be test for its performance for the plant when received an

SMS to start or stop watering system. The limitation of this project itself is that this

project is only suitable for countries like Malaysia but not suitable for country that

has 4 seasons. Besides this system is suitable for vegetable plant and not for fruit

plant because fruit plant do not need much water during growth period. Lastly this

system is only designed for small and middle size of farm.

1.4 Project Methodology

As stated earlier at the objective of this project, the target for this project is to

save the consumption of water, manpower and time. Firstly, the problem faced by

farmer was identified and solution for this problem must be solved. This process will

enable us to combine all the comparison and details about the watering system

available in Malaysia and identified the problem.

6

The specifications required in building the project were listed below:

i. The system has a relay board that will be used to control the water pump

and it will initialize the water pump when get an instruction from user.

ii. There are two outputs. Which are the output for user which is water pump

and another output from GSM technology (sending the notification

message)

iii. For GSM technology it needs GSM module to interface the system.

Figure 1.2: Flow Chart

7

The projects are summarized into the flow chart as shown in figure 1.2. First,

search and collect all the information about GSM Based Controlling Water Sprinkler

with relay in order to analyze the problem facing for current available product. After

do some research, the hardware components and software has been identified. The

suitable circuit is searched for assemble well all components in this project. The next

step is to design the circuit and the developing of the coding has been done using

Arduino. When the simulation is success, the process to verify the connection had

been done and the coding are uploaded into the Arduino to identified either the

project of GSM Based Controlling Water Sprinkler is functioning or not. After that,

the circuit had been testing and complete connection of the circuit had been done. In

order to identify either the project is success or not, the circuit is running to observe

how the Arduino communicate to hardware built and is it success sending and

received a notification message through smart phone.

1.5 Report Organization

This report is divided into five chapters. In chapter 1, an introduction of “GSM

Based Controlling Water Sprinkler” is presented along with the project objective and

scope in order to achieve the desired goal. While chapter 2 provides a literature

reviews on the research of the components that are used in the project. In chapter 3

describe the overall project has been identified along with an explanation of

programming and hardware design. The result and discussion will be presented in

Chapter 4. Lastly Chapter 5 discusses the conclusion of this project and future work

that can be done.