UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

DEVELOPMENT OF SMART MONITORING PARKING

SYSTEM USING ARDUINO

This report submitted in accordance with requirement of the Universiti Teknikal

Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) for the Bachelor‟s Degree in Electronic Engineering

Technology (Electronic Industry) (Hons.)

by

MOHAMAD NUR ZAHIR BIN ABDUL GHANI

B071310627

940324-04-5441

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN PROJEK SARJANA MUDA

TAJUK: Development of Smart Monitoring Parking System Using Arduino

SESI PENGAJIAN: 2016/17 Semester 1 Saya MOHAMAD NUR ZAHIR BIN ABDUL GHANI mengaku membenarkan Laporan PSM ini disimpan di Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut:

1. Laporan PSM adalah hak milik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dan penulis. 2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dibenarkan membuat salinan

untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja dengan izin penulis. 3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan PSM ini sebagai bahan

pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi.

4. **Sila tandakan ( )

SULIT

TERHAD

TIDAK TERHAD

(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan Malaysia sebagaimana yang termaktub dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972)

(Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)

Alamat Tetap:

22A-5-7 Persiaran Mayang Pasir 5,

Bukit Gedong, Bayan Baru, 11950

Bayan Lepas, Pulau Pinang.

Tarikh: ________________________

Disahkan oleh:

Cop Rasmi: Tarikh: _______________________

** Jika Laporan PSM ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak berkuasa/organisasi berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh laporan PSM ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai SULIT atau TERHAD.

DECLARATION

I hereby, declared this report entitled “Development Of Smart Monitoring Parking

System Using Arduino” is the results of my own research except as cited in references.

Signature : ..............................................

Author‟s Name : MOHAMAD NUR ZAHIR BIN ABDUL GHANI

Date : 18 DECEMBER 2016

APPROVAL

This report is submitted to the Faculty of Engineering Technology of UTeM as a

partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering

Technology (Industrial Electronics) with Honours. The member of the supervisory

is as follow:

......................................................................

(Encik Ahmad Sayuthi Bin Mohamad Shokri)

i

ABSTRAK

Projek ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan memperbaharui sistem tempat letak kereta yang

sedia ada dengan sistem yang baru. Hal ini kerana, sistem tempat letak kereta yang sedia

ada tidak sistematik dan kurang efisien kerana masih tidak dapat mengatasi masalah

yang sering berlaku kepada pengguna kereta. Masalah yang sering dihadapi oleh

pengguna kereta adalah mereka tidak dapat mengagak posisi sebenar untuk meletakkan

kereta mereka dengan betul di dalam kawasan tempat letak kereta yang disediakan. Hal

ini menyebabkan ruang tempat letak kereta tidak mencukupi disebabkan faktor kereta

yang diparkir tidak diletakkan dengan betul dan mengambil ruang kawasan tempat letak

kereta yang lain lalu mengakibatkan pengguna kereta yang lain tidak dapat tempat untuk

meletakkan kereta mereka. Dengan sistem yang baru ini, penambahbaikan telah

dilaksanakan untuk memudahkan pengguna kereta meletakkan kenderaan mereka

dengan posisi yang betul di dalam ruang tempat letak kereta yang disediakan. Hal ini

dapat menjimatkan ruang tempat letak kereta malahan menoptimumkan penggunaan

ruang tempat letak kereta yang disediakan. Sistem ini menggunakan Arduino UNO

microcontroller untuk memproses pemprograman yang menghubungkan pengesan

ultrasonic untuk mengesan kereta di ruang tempat letak kereta.

ii

ABSTRACT

The project aims to study and renew the parking system available with the new system.

This is because, parking system existing nowadays unsystematic and less efficient

because they do not resolve the problem that often happens to car users. Problems faced

by consumers is their cannot figure out the actual position to park their cars right in the

parking area provided. This leads to an insufficient parking space because the car parked

not placed properly and take up space parking area and lead to other car users cannot

park their cars. With this new system, improvements have been made to facilitate car

user to park their cars in the correct position in the parking space provided. This can

save car park space and also optimizes the uses of parking space available. This system

uses the Arduino UNO microcontroller programming to process the ultrasonic sensors to

detect cars in the parking space.

iii

DEDICATION

To my beloved parents, family members, coursemates and housemates.

iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I would like to praise Allah the Almighty, which have helped

me an guided me until completing of my Bachelor Degree Project. I would like to

express my heartfelt gratitude and appreciation to all who related and contributed

towards the success of my PSM project. Furthermore, I would like to thank to my

project supervisor Madam Nurliyana Binti Mutalib and my co-supervisor Mr Ahmad

Sayuthi Bin Shokri for the guidance and opinion with creative idea for me to complete

this project and my report. Not forget also to both of my panels, which had gives

comments and suggestions to my project in order for me to improves my project. I also

would like to express my gratitude to my beloved parents and sibling for their support.

Moreover, I also would like to express my gratitude to the management of FTK for

giving me used the lab and providing me with required components in order to finished

up my project. Lastly, I also want to wish acknowledgement to the people who give

support direct or indirectly during the making process of my project prototype and report

writing. It means a lot for me. May Allah S.W.T bless all of you.

v

TABLE OF CONTENT

Abstrak i

Abstract ii

Dedication iii

Acknowledgement iv

Table of Content v

List of Tables viii

List of Figures ix

List Abbreviations, Symbols and Nomenclatures xi

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Background 1

1.3 Problem Statement 2

1.4 Objectives 2

1.5 Scope of project 2

1.6 Outline of Project Report 3

vi

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction 4

2.2 Research from previous project 4

2.2.1 Park-A-Lot: An Automated Parking Management System 5

(Kuo-Pao Yang 2013).

2.2.2 Sensor fusion-Based Vacant Parking Slot Detection and Tracking 5

(Jae Kyu Suhr & Ho Gi Jung 2014).

2.2.3 Sensor Fusion based Energy Efficient and Sustainable Smart 6

Parking System (Gul Shahzad 2015).

2.2.4 A Vision-Based Parking Lot Management System (Sheng-Fuu 6

Lin 2006).

2.2.5 Design and Implementation of a Digital Parking Lot 7

Management System by (Xiaolong Li 2009).

2.3 Hardware and Software review 8

2.3.1 Ultrasonic ranging module (HC-SR04) 8

2.3.2 Passive InfraRed Motion Sensor (HC-SR501) 10

2.3.3 Arduino Microcontroller 11

2.3.3.1 Arduino UNO 12

2.3.3.2 Advantages of Arduino UNO 13

2.3.4 RGB Led 14

2.3.5 Buzzer 15

vii

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction 16

3.2 Project Planning 17

3.3 Project Flow 18

3.3.1 Information Gathering 19

3.3.2 Designing Process 19

3.3.3 Testing and Troubleshooting 20

3.3.4 Redesigning 20

3.4 Hardware Implementation 20

3.4.1 Circuit Arduino with Ultrasonic Sensor 22

3.4.2 Circuit Arduino with PIR Sensor 23

3.4.3 Circuit Arduino with RGB Led 23

3.4.4 Circuit Arduino with Buzzer 24

3.5 Software Implementation 24

3.5.1 Arduino IDE Software to program the Arduino 24

3.5.2 Arduino UNO programming flowchart for this project system 25

CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Introduction 27

4.2 Project Prototype 27

4.3 Hardware Development and Experimental Works 29

4.3.1 When there is no car at parking lot 30

viii

4.3.2 When there is a car at parking lot 30

4.3.3 When the car moves and touch to the left line of parking lot 31

4.3.4 When the car moves and touch to the right line of parking lot 32

4.4 Software Development and Experimental Works 33

4.4.1 Arduino UNO programming for this project 33

4.4.2 Interface of Serial Monitor in Arduino IDE software 35

4.5 Experiment Result

4.5.1 Prototype experiment for top ultrasonic sensor 36

4.5.2 Prototype experiment for left ultrasonic sensor 38

4.5.3 Prototype experiment for right ultrasonic sensor 40

4.6 Project Analysis

4.6.1 Experiment done for installed top ultrasonic sensor 42

4.6.2 Experiment done for installed left ultrasonic sensor 43

4.6.3 Experiment done for installed right ultrasonic sensor 44

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Introduction 45

5.2 Achievements of Research Objectives 45

5.3 Significance of Research 45

5.4 Recommendation 46

REFERENCES 47

ix

APPENDICES

A Coding of Program

viii

LIST OF TABLES

2.1 Specifications of Ultrasonic Sensor 9

2.2 Specifications of PIR Sensor 11

4.1 Installed Top Ultrasonic Sensor 42

4.2 Installed Left Ultrasonic Sensor 43

4.3 Installed Right Ultrasonic Sensor 44

ix

LIST OF FIGURES

2.1 Ultrasonic Ranging Module 8

2.2 Sequence Chart of Ultrasonic Sensor 9

2.3 PIR Motion Sensor 10

2.4 The Architecture of Arduino UNO 12

2.5 RGB Led 14

2.6 Buzzer 15

3.1 Monitoring Parking System phase 16

3.2 Step of Methodology 17

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.9

3.10

3.11

Project Process Flowchart

Block Diagram of Project Implementation

Block Diagram of Project Implementation With Photo

Circuit Connection Arduino UNO with Ultrasonic Sensor

Circuit Connection Arduino UNO with PIR Sensor

Circuit Connection Arduino UNO with RGB Led

Circuit Connection Arduino UNO with Buzzer

Arduino IDE Software

Overall Process of Arduino UNO Program Flowchart

19

21

21

22

23

23

24

24

26

x

4.1 Prototype of the project 28

4.2 Schematic diagram of project using Proteus 8 29

4.3 Prototype shows empty parking 30

4.4 Prototype shows occupied parking 30

4.5 Front view of prototype shows the position of the car is move to 31

the left.

4.6 Top view of prototype shows the position of the car is move to 31

the left.

4.7 Front view of prototype shows the position of the car is move to 32

the right.

4.8 Top view of prototype shows the position of the car is move to 32

the right.

4.9 Interface of Arduino IDE software 33

4.10 The initialize code of this project 34

4.11 The condition of the programming process system 35

4.12 Interface of serial monitor in Arduino IDE to monitoring the 35

system

4.13 The distance of top ultrasonic with upper roof of the toy car 36

4.14 The serial monitor show distance of top offset is 14cm 36

4.15 The distance of top ultrasonic with upper surface of eraser 37

4.16 The serial monitor show distance of top offset is 15cm 37

4.17 The distance of left ultrasonic with back surface of toy car 38

4.18 The serial monitor show distance of left offset is 10cm 38

4.19 The distance of left ultrasonic with back surface of toy car 39

4.20 The serial monitor show distance of left offset is 11cm 39

4.21 The distance of right ultrasonic with back surface of toy car 40

4.22 The serial monitor show distance of right offset is 10cm 40

4.23 The distance of right ultrasonic with back surface of toy car 41

4.24 The serial monitor show distance of right offset is 11cm 41

xi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS AND

NOMENCLATURE

ITS - Internet Time Service

PIR - Passive Infrared Sensor

IR - Infrared

IDE - Integrated Development Environment

USB - Universal Serial Bus

PWM - Pulse Width Modulation

ICSP - In-Circuit Serial Programming

AVR - Aboriginal Voices Radio

LED - Light-Emitting Diode

IDE - Integrated Development Environment

VCC - Voltage at the common collector

1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

This chapter includes the background of the project, problem statement,

objectives, scope and outline of the project in order to give an overall view of the

project.

1.2 Background

This project is to develop advanced monitoring parking system in order to

save space and systematically using the Arduino microcontroller. The system is used

for the upgrading of parking system in the shopping center building with paid

parking. Specific control sensor is used in every box area of car park spaces. If the

car is not properly placed in the parking lot of the car park, the alarm will sound to

warn the driver as a signal for correcting the position of the car, so that the car will

be back properly in the parking lot. Furthermore, the car driver also will be alert with

the red lamp placed on the left and the right wall align with the line of parking lot to

indicate where the car moves on to whether on the left or the right of the parking lot

line. Addition of lights on each rooftop parking spaces are also used to display either

one of the parking lot is full or empty. It's easier for the car driver to look for empty

parking space.

2

1.3 Problem Statement

This project is about to create advanced system at the parking area especially

in the building of shopping center for the convenience of car user. First of all, due to

car user problem which cannot assume the distance between the car and object at the

parking lot, so an intelligence system is design to overcome the problem. Besides

that, irresponsible attitude of drivers who parking outside the parking lot have lead to

insufficient parking space for car user. Moreover, the car driver also has to take a

longer time to find the empty parking because there are no indication signals which

shows the car parking.

1.4 Objectives

The main objective of the project can be outlined as follows:

1) To study the Arduino Microcontroller application used in the project.

2) To design a smart monitoring parking system circuit.

3) To develop and simulate prototype device that combine hardware and software.

1.5 Scope of Project

This system is build based on the Arduino microcontroller. This project will

be divided into four modules which are the microcontroller, sensors, hardware and

the software. Firstly, few sensors will be set up around the parking line box and one

main sensor is installed in the middle of the roof top parking lot. In the operation, the

few sensors will identify the position of the car and automatically gives alert to the

car user so that they will fit in the parking box without interferes with other parking

box. When the car exceeds the parking line box, an alarm will sound and red lamp

will turns on to notify that the car is not park properly. While the main alarm is used

to detect the presence of the car, and light will display as the output when there is a

car in that parking lot. This system will be a prototype of the project. The

3

programming use in this project will be compile using Arduino software and then

been upload into the Arduino microcontroller to implement the process. The main

target of this project is to develop a monitoring parking system to accomplish car

user needs that can control and monitor the car at parking spaces specifically in

shopping center building. This system is focus in the building which has limited

parking spaces.

1.6 Outline of Project Report

The outline project of this report is divided into five sections to make clearly

view about this project. For the first section of this project, it is about the

introduction of system operation and hardware development of the project that

requires in this final year project. For the section two, it is about the review and

explanation of previous research and past paper that have related with this final year

project. While for the section three, it is more explained the details about the method

and process to made implementation of this project. Meanwhile for the section four,

it is more to discuss all the findings, results, discussion, and analysis about this

project. Lastly, the conclusion and recommendation for future work to improves this

project is been explained in the section five.

4

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

In this chapter, the literature evaluation contains the information and ideas in

completing the project which need to discussed. There are some sources that had

been used as the resources such as books, thesis, journal and website. It was included

the process of the circuit, the hardware and software implementation which is useful

in the project. Besides that, in this chapter we also make a study about several

projects that related to make some improvement or take some idea from the other

project. It is advantages to complete a project that has been created and make the

comparison between the previous project and this project in order to make this

project more efficient and systematic.

2.2 Research from Previous Project

Based on the previous project, it was used as the references to complete this

project successfully. It was useful to upgrade and modified the system that has been

done before. Furthermore, according to current developments, the latest technology

need to be used in this project to solve the problems faced at present.

5

2.2.1 Park-A-Lot: An Automated Parking Management System (Kuo-

Pao Yang 2013).

In this thesis, by using ultrasonic sensors, Arduino board, Ethernet

shield and motor shield the parking system is developed. The status of the

parking lot is able to send to the web interface by development of this

prototype system after the information is process in the Arduino board using

Ethernet shield [1]. Moreover, a parking gate is also implemented in this

project with the help of motor shield and a sample gate arm. This system is

competent to reading the ultrasonic sensor echo distances values, their

average, and the average is able to manipulate to decide whether the parking

spot represented sensor is free or taken. The research project is more complex

compare to this project. Therefore, from the research some ideas is taken to

implement it into this project and design advanced system by using Arduino.

2.2.2 Sensor fusion-Based Vacant Parking Slot Detection and Tracking

(Jae Kyu Suhr & Ho Gi Jung 2014).

This paper proposes a tracking and a vacant parking slot detection

system that fuses the sensors of an Around View Monitor (AVM) system and

an ultrasonic sensor based automatic parking system [2]. The proposed

system consists of three stages that are parking slot marking recognition,

parking slot occupancy arrangement, and parking slot marking tracking.

Using AVM image sequences, the parking slot marking recognition can be

known by various types of parking slot. It detects parking slots in individual

AVM images by exploiting a hierarchical tree structure of parking slot

markings and combines sequential detection results. The parking slot

occupancy arrangement stage identifies vacancies of detected parking slots

using ultrasonic sensor data. Parking slot occupancy is automatically

calculated by treating each parking slot region as a single cell of the

6

occupancy grid. The parking slot marking tracking stage will continuously

estimates the position of the selected parking slot.

2.2.3 Sensor Fusion based Energy Efficient and Sustainable Smart

Parking System (Gul Shahzad 2015).

In this article, a smart energy efficient parking system is develop,

which the image detection techniques is integrates for license plate

recognition. Moreover, the infrared sensor also used for group control while

wireless sensor network (WSN) for intelligent light emitting diode (LED)

lighting [3]. The system offers better assistance to parking position and

controls LED lights based on traffic distribution for maximum energy

efficiency. Furthermore, compared to its complement conventional system it

also offers enhanced security. The system is developing by using ZigBee

based Wireless Mesh network (WMN) nodes equipped with RF module and

image sensor. In the operation, when the vehicles in the parking lot are

detected it automatically prominent using the grid based algorithm and

license plate image identification.

2.2.4 A Vision-Based Parking Lot Management System (Sheng-Fuu

Lin 2006).

In this research paper, the system is design by using vision based

parking management system to supervise an outdoor parking lot by four

cameras set up at loft of buildings around it which sending information that

includes real time display to the database of Internet Time Service (ITS)

center via internet [4]. This system let the drivers to find available parking

spaces or monitoring the parking lot where they parked their cars easily by

the help of wireless communication device. Different with this project, where

7

the driver are indicate with led display at every parking lot to shows that the

parking lot is empty or full.

2.2.5 Design and Implementation of a Digital Parking Lot Management

System by (Xiaolong Li 2009).

This journal is about development of a digital vehicle management

system via radio frequency identification (RFID) technology [5]. The parking

system is enhancing by the digital vehicle organization system and the

availability of the parking space can be check by the user remotely since the

system is connected to the Internet. The advantage of the research project is,

it used RFID which it does not require direct contact or line of sight scanning.

Therefore, user can fast enter the parking lot without manually scanning the

parking permit. Furthermore, user also can view the availability of the

parking space easier because the system connected online. This help user

reduce the wasting time of search parking lot and also improve the parking lot

utilization. While the disadvantages is the RFID component is expensive and

used costly materials.