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2008 Methyl Bromide Alternatives Conference: DMDS or the 3-WAY: Which is More Effective in GA. University of Georgia Tifton Campus Culpepper, Webster, Rucker, Sumner, Beard, Langston, Mayfield. 2007 Large Acreage On-Farm Trials. Fumigant and mulch options: 3-WAY under LDPE - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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University of Georgia
Tifton Campus
Culpepper, Webster, Rucker,
Sumner, Beard, Langston, Mayfield
2008 Methyl Bromide Alternatives Conference:
DMDS or the 3-WAY: Which is More Effective in GA
2007 Large Acreage On-Farm Trials
2007 On-Farm Comparisons
Fumigant and mulch options:1. 3-WAY under LDPE 2. MIDAS under Blockade 3. DMDS under LDPE4. MB under Blockade
DMDS under LDPE mulch
Boxes of Bell Pepper for Total Harvest. Data presented as % of MB. 2007.*
Jumbo X-Large Large Chopper
MB 100 a 100 a 100 a 100 a
MIDAS 98 a 97 a 88 a 104 a
DMDS 85 b 88 a 85 a 94 a
3-WAY 110 a 85 a 84 a 107 a
*Data totaled over three harvests.
MB fruit: Jumbo (14%), X-Large (32%), Large (27%), and Chopper (26%).
2008 Objectives Confirm the most effective mixture of DMDS and
chloropicrin was a 79:21 when applied under high barrier mulch.
Define the rate needed under high barrier mulch.
Compare the most effective DMDS system to the standard in a large acreage on farm trial.
Focus on annual grasses and pigweeds.
Formulation and Rate Experiment: Ponder Farm
Treatments
Factorial treatment arrangement (3 reps):
Formulations (DMDS/Pic) Rates79:21 30 Gal/A90:10 40 Gal/A100:0 50 Gal/A
60 Gal/A
Blockade Mulch
Treatments
Additional treatments:
1. 3-WAY (12/150/75) LDPE mulch2. DMDS 79:21 60 Gal LDPE mulch3. Non-treated control Blockade mulch
Materials and Methods
Applications were made on Feb 17
Soil temperatures were 60 F at injection
Soil moisture was 95% of field capacity.
Sandy loam soil type
Plot size 1 bed (2 rows of pepper) by 50 ft
Materials and Methods
Yellow nutsedge and large crabgrass
Plant growth
Nematodes
Yield (4 harvests of Jumbo fruit)
Percent yellow nutsedge control at harvest as impacted by DMDS formulation and rate.
TyTy, GA 2008.*
0
20
40
60
80
10098 a
50 G 30 G 90:10 100:040 G
100 a
Rate Main Effect
100 a
99 a
98 a
100 a
97 b
Formulation Main Effect
60 G 79:21
*Values within main effect followed by the same letter are not different at P = 0.05
Percent large crabgrass control at harvest as impacted by DMDS formulation and rate.
TyTy, GA 2008.*
0
20
40
60
80
100
50 G 30 G 90:10 100:040 G
55 b
Rate Main Effect
75 a 66
b49 c
69 a
42 c
Formulation Main Effect
60 G 79:21
*Values within main effect followed by the same letter are not different at P = 0.05
33 d
Percent large crabgrass control 55 d after fumigating as impacted by DMDS formulation
and rate. TyTy, GA 2008.*
0
20
40
60
80
100
50 G 30 G 90:10 100:040 G
98 a
Rate Main Effect
99 a
98 a
98 a
97 a
96 a
Formulation Main Effect
60 G 79:21
*Values within main effect followed by the same letter are not different at P = 0.05
94 b
Plant Heights and Nematodes
1. Plant heights taken 20 and 50 DAP with no differences.
2. No nematodes present in the study.
Jumbo fruit number per plot as impacted by DMDS formulation and rate. TyTy, GA 2008.*
0
40
80
120
160
200
50 G 30 G 90:10 100:040 G
181 b
Rate Main Effect
203197 194
210 a
175 b
Formulation Main Effect
60 G 79:21
*Values within main effect followed by the same letter are not different at P = 0.05
162 *
0
20
40
60
80
100
DMDS 79:21 60 G Bloc
3-WAY LDPE
90 b
100 a
DMDS 79:21 60 G LDPE
*Values within main effect followed by the same letter are not different at P = 0.05
Percent yellow nutsedge control at harvest as impacted by DMDS formulation and rate.
TyTy, GA 2008.*
100 a
0
20
40
60
80
100
DMDS 79:21 60 G Bloc
3-WAY LDPE
33 c
89 b
DMDS 79:21 60 G LDPE
*Values within main effect followed by the same letter are not different at P = 0.05
Percent large crabrass control at harvest as impacted by DMDS formulation and rate.
TyTy, GA 2008.*
100 a
0
100
200
300
DMDS 79:21 60 G Bloc
3-WAY LDPE
66 b
244 a
DMDS 79:21 60 G LDPE
*Values within main effect followed by the same letter are not different at P = 0.05
270 a
Jumbo fruit number per plot as impacted by DMDS formulation and rate. TyTy, GA 2008.*
On Farm Experiment
On Farm Trial
1.Four treatments:
DMDS 79:21 60, 50, 40 G Blockade mulch
3-WAY 12/150/75 under LDPE
2. Plots 3 rows by 1200 feet
3. Four Replications
Measurements taken:
1. Weeds emerging through mulch or plant hole
2. Crop height
3. Pathogens
4. Nematodes
5. Pepper Harvest (4 times)
6. Packing House Grades
Note moisture and compaction
Note moisture and compaction
Number of Purple Nutsedge, Crabgrass, and Livid Amaranth Plants/A with MB Alternatives in Pepper.
LTF, Spring 2008.*
Purple nutsedge
Livid amaranth
Large crabgrass
DMDS 40 G 122 a 91 c 620 c
DMDS 50 G 78 a 62 b 553 bc
DMDS 60 G 65 a 37 a 456 b
3-WAY 99 a 22 a 149 a
*Values within species followed by the same letter are not different at P = 0.05 Nutsedge and amaranth counts are at harvest, crabgrass counts early season followed by two applications of Select during the season.
Plant Height and Nematodes
1. No differences in crop growth
2. No differences in disease or nematodes
48 people picking
5 truck drivers
12 UGA dumpers
Once a week for 4 weeks
Harvest 1: 3 hrHarvest 2: 3 hrHarvest 3: 5 hrHarvest 4: 5 hr
Harvest 1: 2 hrHarvest 2: 2 hrHarvest 3: 6 hrHarvest 4: 5 hr
Grades: Jumbo, X-Large, Large, Medium, Suntan, Chopper
Boxes of Bell Pepper. LTF, Spring 2008.*
Jumbo
(Harvest 1-4)
Total Fruit
(Harvests 1-4)
DMDS 40 G 282 b 1160 b
DMDS 50 G 332 a 1275 ab
DMDS 60 G 335 a 1320 a
3-WAY 350 a 1393 a
CONCLUSIONS
3-WAY: continues to perform well in the spring and continues to perform poorly on nutsedge in the fall
CONCLUSIONS
DMDS:
1. 79:21 formulation is the most effective
2. 45 to 50 G in spring but 50 to 60 gallons in fall, depending on herbicides
3. Excellent nutsedge control; needs help on annual grasses, pigweed, and likely
other small seeded annual broadleaf weeds.
4. Smell and cost must be addressed.
ON FARM COOPERATOR
Bill Brim, LTF
Questions or Comments?