University of Groningen Low-intensity wheelchair training ... · Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record ... ZDV©WKH©½UVW©RI©WKH© ©LQWHUYDOV ... 3VWDUWõ P46.3 ±17.0

University of Groningen

Low-intensity wheelchair training in inactive people with long-term spinal cord injuryvan der Scheer, Jan

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Citation for published version (APA):van der Scheer, J. (2015). Low-intensity wheelchair training in inactive people with long-term spinal cordinjury [S.l.]: [S.n.]

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Chapter 4

Can a 15 m-overground wheelchair sprint be used to

Jan W. van der ScheerSonja de Groot

Riemer J.K. Vegter

Med Eng Phys 2014; 36: 432-438

4

Chapter 4

60

(PO) over a 15 m-overground wheelchair sprint test can be used to assess wheel-

-

based on stopwatch time (time and mean velocity over 15 m) and on PO (primary

-

r

2 p -1

2 p -r 2 p

It seems that outcomes based on stopwatch time over a 15 m-over-

-ed wheel can be implemented in rehabilitation practice and research settings when

Chapter 4 15 m-overground wheelchair sprint to assess anaerobic work capacity

61

14

-

6-8

-3

output outcomes over a Wingate-like sprint test in a wheelchair ergometer or roller --

Alternative tests

15-17 and as such has been implemented in rehabil-18 -

15

17

(r r 19 while others r 8

-

-20 In the

It is not yet known how PO is expressed in a 15 m-overground sprint and whether

Chapter 4

62

-

7 which resembles time needed to complete a 15 m-over-

-1

20 Able-bodied persons participated in this initial study on 15-m sprint outcomes

-25

on stopwatch time and PO over a 15 m-overground wheelchair sprint test can be used

ParticipantsN

Table 1. N

Characteristic Mean SD (range)

a

Fisoa

a Measured when hands were on top of the handrim.

Equipment


63

14

-

5 -

We used a custom-built stationary ergometer26 --

25 -mensions were adjusted so that it matched as closely as possible the wheelchair used

Protocol

with ergometer propulsion and learning to maintain the same relative velocity between

15-18

15

-

25 -

et al.27

Chapter 4

64

-

-1

-1

-1 or was unable to propel the wheel-

Data processing

28) and analyzed using 28

20

20

Statistics

p

r) and 2) were calculated between 15-m outcomes (time-15

p


65

14

29

-p

-

either time-15 m or P5-15m as the independent variable (step 1) and combined in step

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

Time (s)

Unila

tera

l PO

(W)

PO (W)Push startPush stopPpeak-15m

P5 -15m

Pstart -15m

0 5 10 15 20 25 30-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

Time (s)

Un

ilate

ral P

O (

W)

P5-WAnT

P30-WAnT

Figure 1.

last data point representing the start angle plus 15 m in radians.

-

-

-

263N.

Figure 2.

30s-wheelchair ergometer sprint and of the

over the 6 successive 5-s intervals of Win-

Chapter 4

66

All subjects (N-1

r and R2 that were calculated between 15-m sprint

r

2 p 2= p

between all outcomes (r p

Table 2.

N

PO outcome Unilateral PO (W) -1) -1)

38.1 14.0 1.8 0.3* 3.1 0.4*

46.3 17.0 1.0 0.2* 2.1 0.4*

228.0 71.6 N.A. 2.4 0.4

44.4 17.3 1.2 0.3 1.6 0.3

57.0 19.0 1.2 0.2* 1.5 0.3*Data in mean SD.

Table 3. -

N

P30-WAnT P5-WAnT

r R2 r R2

Time-15 m 0.38* 0.36*

MeanVelocity-15 ma 0.42* 0.39*

0.59** 0.56**

0.62** 0.61**

0.69** 0.61**

a Linear model without intercept


67

14

-

-

-1

-1

p

-1

p

2p

2p

2p

2p

0 1 2 3 4 5-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

Unila

tera

l PO

(W)

Time (s)

0 1 2 3 4 5-1

0

1

2

3

Velo

city (

m/s)

Time (s)

15m sprintWAnT

15m sprintWAnT

Figure 4.

the interval of the highest successive 5-s

-gate-based 30s-wheelchair ergometer sprint

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 901.4

1.6

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

P5-WAnT (W)

Mean

Velo

city-

15m

(m/s)

Figure 3. Scatter plot of meanVelocity-15m N

line representing the linear model used to study the relationship between the outcomes over a data range than can be

15,16,19

Chapter 4

68

Table 4.

Time-15 m (s) P5-15m (W)

p R2 p R2

Step 1

Constant 120.36 24.01 7.84 7.59 0.316

15 m-outcome -10.50 3.29 0.005 0.38 0.96 0.19 0.61

Step 2

Constant 78.96 22.88 -7.01 14.95

15 m-outcome -11.53 2.64 0.001 0.88 0.20

0.70 0.21 0.005 0.63 0.26 0.22 0.265 0.63

Step 2

Constant 212.63 50.93 103.27 47.83

15 m-outcome -7.68 3.34 0.035 0.80 0.19 0.001a -1.06 0.53 0.061 0.50 -0.84 0.42 0.061 0.69

Step 2

Constant 104.77 23.63 17.04 11.13

15 m-outcome -7.50 3.43 0.044 0.81 0.23 0.002

-12.96 6.75 0.073 0.49 -6.97 6.24 0.278 0.64a Measured when hands were on top of the handrim. Abbreviations: 2

5-s intervals of 15 m sprint.

30 40 50 60 70-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

Unilateral PO (W)

P5-1

5m -

P5-W

AnT

(W)

Figure 5. -

plotted indicating mean difference between the outcomes, while upper and lower lines indicate


69

14

over a 15 m-overground wheelchair sprint test can be used to assess wheelchair-spe-

-1 (table

-1

-

-

r

r

r

-sively starting to propel an inherently unstable wheelchair while this is not required in

-

-

in which

-

Chapter 4

70

-

-

same conclusion as based on the linear model tested in this study: stopwatch time over

r p -

-

during an interval with relatively low handrim velocities may stronger relate to

-1

r p

-


71

14

compared to P5-15m (also r

over Pstart-15m and Ppeak-15m since P5-15m is determined identically to the widely

25

a more homogeneous and well-accessible group compared to non-athletic wheelchair 25

-15

-

-

by time-15 m and P5-15m (both p

p

-ships between the tests in an able-bodied sample are similar in non-athletic wheel-

-8 and

27

We conclude that outcomes based on stopwatch time over a 15 m-overground sprint

-chair with an instrumented wheel can be implemented in rehabilitation practice and

-

Chapter 4

72

-


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-

-

-

Chapter 4

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University of Groningen Low-intensity wheelchair training ... · Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record ... ZDV©WKH©½UVW©RI©WKH© ©LQWHUYDOV ... 3VWDUWõ P46.3 ±17.0