UNSD/STATISTICS KOREA

International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round

Seoul, 27-29 November 2012

Beyond 2011: The future of population statistics in the UK?

A report from the UK’s Beyond 2011 Programme

Ian White, Office for National Statistics, UK

Beyond the 2010 round

• Context - why change?

• Statistical options – what are the alternatives?

• Timescale – how long will it take to get there?

• Risks and issues – what could go wrong?

Beyond the 2010 round

Why change? – Why look beyond 2011?

Beyond the 2010 round

Why change? – Why look beyond 2011?• Rapidly changing society

Beyond the 2010 round

Why change? – Why look beyond 2011?• Rapidly changing society

• Evolving user requirements

Beyond the 2010 round

Why change? – Why look beyond 2011?• Rapidly changing society• Evolving user requirements

• New opportunities for data sharing

Beyond the 2010 round

Why change? – Why look beyond 2011?• Rapidly changing society• Evolving user requirements• New opportunities for data sharing

• Traditional census is costly and infrequent

Programme purpose

• Identify the best way to provide small area population and socio-demographic statistics in future

• Provide a recommendation in 2014- underpinned by full cost-benefit analysis- high level design for implementation

• Implement the recommendation (subject to agreement)

Beyond 2011 : Statistical options

Aggregate analysis

100% linkage to create ‘statistical population spine’

(Intermediate) Sample linkage e.g. 1% of postcodes

Address register + Survey

Administrativedata options

Traditional Census (long form to everyone)

Long form (sample) , Short form (everyone else)

Short form + Annual Survey (US model)

Rolling Census ( (over 5/10 year period)

Censusoptions

Surveyoption(s)

CENSUSPopulation Data

Socio demographic

Attribute Data

CoverageAssessment

incl. under & over-coverage- by survey and admin data?

Socio demographic

Survey(s)

SOURCESFRAME DATA ESTIMATION OUTPUTS

Admin Source

Population estimates

Address

Register

Household

CommunalEstablishments

Adjusting formissing data and error

Adjusting for non responsebias in survey (or sources)

Surveys to fill gaps

Commercial sources?

Maintained national address gazetteer – provides frame for

population data & surveys

All National to Small Area

Admin Source

Admin Source

Comm Source

increasing later?

Attribute estimates

Population distribution provides weighting

for attributes

InteractionalAnalysis

E.g. TTWA

Longitudinaldata

Household structure etc

??

Qualitymeasurement

Beyond 2011 – statistical options

Potential key data sources

Population data • National Health Service Patient Register• Tax and Pensions Customer Information System • Electoral Register (> 17 years)• Higher Education Statistics Agency data (students)• School Census (5-16 years)• Vital registrations (births, deaths, marriages)

• DVLA (driving licenses)

Potential key data sources

Socio-demographic data • Surveys• Public utilities• TV Licensing• DVLA• eBordersand• Commercial sources ???

Major statistical challenges

• No population register• Data quality

Incomplete

Out of date

Duplicates / erroneous entries

• Little reliable population attribute data in administrative data sources

Þ Coverage survey requiredÞ Attribute survey required

Higher Education StudentsCustomer Information SystemCoverage Of Main Administrative Sources

Extras includes:Some duplicatesInternational students on short-term coursesStudents ceased studying, not formally deregistered

Extras includes:Short-term migrant children

Missing includes: Under 17s Ineligible votersNon responders

Missing includes: Non school aged peopleIndependent school childrenHome schooled children

Missing includes:

Some migrant worker dependants

Some international students

Undocumented asylum seekers

Missing includes: Migrants not (yet) registeredNewborn babiesSome private only patients

Missing includes:Non higher education studentsIndependent University students

Extras includes:Some duplicatesSome ex-patsSome deceasedShort-term migrants

Extras includes:Multiple registrationsSome ex-patsSome deceased Short-term migrants

Extras includes:Some ex-patsSome deceasedShort-term migrants

Missing includes: Non-driversUnder 17’sSome foreign-licence holders

Extras includes:Some ex-patsSome deceased

UK Driving Licence

Resident PopulationCIS

PRD

Electoral RollPatient Register DataSchool Census

SCER SC

ER

DVLADVLA

HESA

CISPRD

DWP CIS population counts compared with ONS Mid Year population estimates

Patient Register population counts compared with ONS Mid Year population estimates

Electoral Roll population counts compared with ONS Mid Year population estimates

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

populationestimates

populationcharacteristics

outputs

detaileddesign

procure /develop

develop /test

ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

detaileddesign develop test rehearse run outputs

CENSUS SOLUTION

2011 2012 2013 2014

research /definition

initiation

BEYOND 2011‘Phase 1’

2014 Recommendation& decision point

Beyond 2011 - Timeline - the key decision

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

populationestimates

populationcharacteristics

outputs

detaileddesign

procure /develop

develop /test

2011 2012 2013 2014

research /definition

initiation

2024

addressregister

adminsources

required on an ongoing basis – ideally the National Address Gazetteer – subject to confirmation of quality

public sector & commercial ?

developing over time

coveragesurveys testing continuous assessment

attributesurveys

info from existing surveys – e.g. labour force survey, integrated household survey etc

supplemented by new targeted surveys as required

modelling increasing modelling over time

Beyond 2011 - Timeline (non census solution)

test

linkageincreasing linkage over time

2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 20352024 2025 2026 2036

address register required on an ongoing basis

administrative sources will change and disappear and be added & develop over time

continuous coverage survey

existing surveys

increasing linkage over time

increasing modelling over time

need for attribute surveys declines over time ?

2037 2038

regular production of population and attribute estimatesongoing methodology refinement

Beyond 2011 - and into the future

Improving quality & quantity

accuracy of population estimates

accuracy of characteristics estimates

range of topics

small area detail

multivariate small area detail

experimental statistics develop to become national statistics

2013 2031 2021

Statistical benefit profile

2011 2021 2031 2041

Ben

efit

Census Alternativemethod

loss

gain

loss

gain

Cost profile (real terms)

2011 2021 2031 2041

Cos

t

Census

???Alternative method

Evaluation criteria

• Costs• Quality/benefits

Accuracy

Frequency

Geographic detail

• Legislative requirements• Risk• Public acceptability/burden – public

consultation

Key risks of non census alternatives

• Public opinionPublic acceptability research, open consultation and transparency of

approach

• Technical challenge – cutting edge…. a big changeBuilding high quality team, talking to experts and strong external assurance

• Changes in administrative datasetsBuilding resilient solutions – but may need legislation

• Ensuring decision making – getting political buy-inThis is a big decision – needs real commitment

• Devolved issues/harmonisation of UK outputsEstablishment of UK Beyond 2011 Committee

beyond2011@ons.gov.uk