Exploring the Religions of Our WorldChapter 4 Islam

Chapter 4 IslamThe Basics

Abraham ancestor to Jews, Christians, Muslims

Allah The God

Islam surrender or submission

Mohammad Gods final messenger

Chapter 4 IslamPeriods of Islamic HistoryPage 135

Chapter 4 IslamHistoryIslam has always existed, beginning with Adam the first man

Muhammad:born in Mecca in about 570 CEfirst revelation from the Angel Gabriel who instructed him to be the messenger of Allah in 610moved to Medina in 622 died in 632

Chapter 4 IslamHistory (continued)The first four caliphs :Abu Bakr first to succeed MuhammadUmar oversaw the expansion of Islam; appointed a committee of six to choose his successorUthman a member of the Umayyah clan; was instrumental in the publication and distribution of the QuranAli Muhammads cousin

Chapter 4 IslamHistory (continued)The Sunni Muslims and Shiah Muslims share fundamental beliefs and practices but are divided on who is to lead Muslims why?

Chronology of the division: 1. Uthman is assassinated 2. Ali succeeds him as caliph 3. Uthmans cousin Muawiyah is also proclaimed caliph 4. following a series of battles, an arbitrator rules in favor of Muawiyah 5. Ali is assassinated

Chapter 4 IslamChronology of division: (continued) 6. when Alis son makes a claim to leadership, he and his family are massacred 7. Shiah Muslims see Husayn as a martyr and remain loyal to his family 8. The Sunni (the majority) accept the rule of the Umayyads 9. the Sunni support a caliphate and call their leaders caliph 10. the Shiah support an imamate and call their leaders Imam

Chapter 4 IslamHistory (continued)

Historical centers of Islam:Medina, Saudi ArabiaKufah, IraqDamascus, SyriaBaghdad, Iraq

Chapter 4 IslamPhilosophyEngineeringGeographyAstronomyMathematicsChemistryMedicineLiteratureHistory (continued)Muslim scholarship sought to reconcile reason and faith which led to advances in:

Chapter 4 IslamHistory (continued) The Nation of IslamW.D. Fard Muhammad African-American who spoke against Christianity as a white mans religion and called for the establishment of a separate, African-American homelandElijah Muhammad continued Fards message when he succeeded him, expanding the Nation of Islam to other citiesMalcom X leader in New York who challenged Elijah Muhammads leadership and message before being assassinated by rivals in 1965Warith Din Muhammad Elijah Muhammads son who succeeded in bringing most of the Nation of Islam into union with Sunni IslamLouis Farrakhan led members of the Nation of Islam who opposed the more integrated ideology of Warith Din Muhammad

Chapter 4 IslamSacred Stories and Sacred ScripturesQuran

most sacred book for Muslimsa collection of the revelations Muhammad received directly from Godcontains Gods infallible words, uncorrupted by human interventionliterally means recitationdivided into 144 surahs Quran(Koran)

Chapter 4 IslamSacred Stories and Sacred Scriptures (continued)second authentic source of authority for Muslimscontains Muhammads words and deeds as well as what he approved and prohibited it is Muhammads way of lifeit goes hand in hand with the Quran because one needs to fully understand and live as a MuslimQuran

Sunnah

Chapter 4 IslamBeliefs and PracticesBelief in one God is the central belief of MuslimsLa ilaha ilia Allahwa Muhammadun rasul Allah There is no god but God,Muhammad is the Messenger of God.

Chapter 4 IslamBeliefs and Practices (continued)Core Tenets God is the creator and sustainer of the universeGod is all-: loving, powerful, knowing, merciful, presentGod gives life andtakes life awayGod is the judge of all anddetermines who will spendeternity in heaven or hellGod is very involved as aguide in human affairsDivine providenceFree will is an integralpart of being humanMuhammad is theMessenger of God

Chapter 4 IslamBeliefs and Practices (continued)Biblical prophets mentioned in the Quran: Adam Noah Abraham Moses Aaron Jacob and his sons Job Jesus TheChristianBible

Quran

Quran

Chapter 4 IslamBeliefs and Practices (continued)The Five Pillars of IslamShahadah (Witnessing) There is no god but God, Muhammad is the Messenger of God Salah (Prayer) five times dailyZakah (Almsgiving) charity for the needySawn (Fasting) during RamadanHajj (Pilgrimage) to Mecca

Chapter 4 IslamSacred Timesprayer 5times eachdayEid al-Fitr (Festival of Breaking the Fast)Eid al-Adha (Festival of Sacrifice)Ashura(recallsthe Exodusfrom Egypt)

Chapter 4 IslamSacred Places and Sacred SpacesMosque (Masjid ) - a place of public worshipMecca, Saudi Arabia the holiest city in Islam; birthplace of Muhammad and site of his first revelationsMedina, Saudi Arabia second holiest city; place to which Muhammad immigrated Jerusalem, Israel the place of Muhammads Night Journey; place he ascended into heavenKarbala, Iraq the site of the massacre of the Ali and his companions and family

Chapter 4 IslamIslam Through a Catholic LensSimilarities between Muslims and CatholicsThe worship of the one GodThe understanding of God as: living, subsistent, merciful, almighty, CreatorThe desire to submit to Gods decrees The veneration of Jesus as a prophetThe invocation of the Virgin MaryThe anticipation of the Day of JudgmentThe centrality of Family lifeSocial concerns: prejudice, poverty, environment

Chapter 4 IslamIslam Through a Catholic Lens (continued)Major Differences between Muslims and CatholicsMuslims do not believe in doctrine of the Holy Trinity Muslims do not acknowledge Jesus divinityMuslims do not believe Jesus suffered a human death by crucifixion

Chapter 4 IslamIslamMuslimAllahKabahHijrahCaliphsQuranImamCalligraphy

Surahshafiz HadithFive pillarsShahadahMuezzinSalahWudu

ZakahSawmRamadanHajjUlamaMosqueAdanVocabulary