Untitled

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Know Tamils heritage

TAMIL CIVILIAN SAYS EVERYTHING IS LOST IN THE MULLAIVAIKAL MASSACRE in 2009

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World Map Showing Kumari Kandam Connecting Australia Madagascar,

India And Taprobane (Ceylon) and India In 30,000 B.C.

Lemuria Kumari Kandam in Tamil "Lemuria" continent called Kumari Kandam in Tamil connecting Madagascar,

South India, Ceylon, and Australia (covering most of the Indian Ocean).

http://cholangathevar.blogspot.co.uk/2008/04/ancient-tamilnadu-map.html

Before 30,000 B.C. Australia, Madagascar, India and Ceylon (ancient Greek

geographers called it Taprobane) all within one continent called Kumari Kandam

in Tamil or Lemuria. This huge continent of the Tamil people was called Kumari Kandam or the Lemuria continent that was swallowed by the seas, and

eventually lost forever.

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BRIEF HISTORY OF CEYLON & ONE REASON WHY

TAMIL NATIONALS FOUGHT FOR INDEPENDENCE

Why Tamils request for TAMIL EELAM?

Tamils have every rights to request for an

independent Eelam to live in peace! TO ACHIEVE OUR ULTIMATE GOAL

EVERY TAMILS SHOULD KNOW THE TAMILS HISTORY accurately WITH NECESSARY DETAILS TO SPEAK OUT IN PUBLIC AND TO ANSWER ANY FOREIGN politicians QUESTIONS AND TO CLEAR THEIR DOUBTS INSTANTELY, THEN ONLY WE CAN ACHIEVE OUR ULTIMATE GOAL WHICH IS Tamil Eelam. Every document is with evidence

The following document will give you a brief, clear history about

Tamils & Sinhalese 5

The Sailor Potlomys First Map of Ceylon in 140 AD

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In the Potalamy Map of Ceylon it is

indicated that MALEA as kiy>

Mudutti as khNjhl;lk;.

Nagadibi as ehfjPgk;

Spatana Portus as jpUNfhzkiy

Dagana Civitas Sacra Luna as

NjNte;jpuKidAk; re;jpu nksyPRtuh; NfhtpYk;>

Rhogadini as cNuhfzk;>

Bocana as Fkiz>

Olipada as rptndhspghj kiy>

Because it is a business port it is

called as Mudutti Emporium.

Potalamy Map

The above Tamil names given to places in the Early Potalamy Map which is Ceylon indicates

that there are Tamil Nationals living at that time before the original Ceylon Map came to

existence.

Vijaya

King of Tambapanni

Reign 543 BC - 505 BC

Titles Vijaya the Conqueror

Birthplace Singhapur

Place of death Tambapanni (Sri Lanka)

Predecessor Kuveni

Successor Upatissa

Wife Kuveni

Offspring Jivahata

Disala

Royal House House of Vijaya

Father Sinhabahu

Mother Sinhasivali

As per Sri Lanka history Mahavamsa, written around 400

AD by the monk Nagasena, using the Dipavamsa and

Attakatha as sources, correlates well with Indian histories

of the period. Ceylon before colonization by Bengalis was

earlier inhabited by ancient tribe Veddas. With the arrival

of Prince Vijay and his 700 followers history of the

Sinhalese started. Vijaya was eldest son of King

Sinhabahu ("Man with Lion arms") and his Queen

Sinhasivali of Bhurishrestha Kingdom.

Vijaya married Kuveni (local Yaksha princess) like

his army marrying off local women. Later this given

rise to modern Sinhala race who speak a language

phonetically much similar to modern Bengali.

Vijaya landed on Sri Lanka near Mahathitha

(Manthota or Mannar), and named the island

"Thambaparni" ('copper-colored palms). These are

attested in Ptolemy's map of the ancient world.

Mahavamsa also claims, Lord Buddha visiting Sri

Lanka three times. Firstly, to stop a war between a

Naga (Vedda) king and his son-in-law who were

fighting over a ruby chair. It is said that on his last

visit, he left his foot mark on Sripada (Adam's

Peak).

Vijaya and his 700 followers Arrival history of the Sinhalese started

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Upatissa

King of Upatissa Nuwara


Place of death Tambapanni

Predecessor Vijaya

Successor Panduvasdeva

Offspring 10 sons and a daughter

Upatissa of Sri Lanka

Monarchs of Sri Lanka

Born: ? ? Died: ? ?

Regnal titles

Preceded by

Vijaya

King of Upathissa Nuwara

544 BC504 BC

Succeeded by

Panduvasdeva

Vijaya, 544-505 BC - In the fifth century

Prince Vijaya and seven hundred of his

followers landed in Ceylon in the region

called Thambapanni near Puttalam. He

established a monarchy and named the new

race of people Sinhala (Lion Race) after his

grandfather, who was perhaps a man

nicknamed as lion. (the Mahavansa [Great Dynasty] & the Chulavansa [Lower Dynasty]. The

entire chronicle covers a time period between (483

BC - 1825 AD) + Queen Kuveni

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Pandukabhaya

King of Anuradhapura

Reign 437 BC 367 BC

Born 474 BC[1]

Died 367 BC

Predecessor Tissa

Successor Mutasiva

Consort Swarnapali

Offspring

10 sons and two daughters

Mutasiva

Suratissa

Royal House Vijaya

Father Prince Dhigagamini

Mother Princess Umaddha Citta

Pandukabhaya is, according to the Mahavansa, the 6th king of

Ceylon since the arrival of the Aryans, he reigned from 437 BC

to 367 BC. According to many historians and philosophers, he is

the first truly Ceylon king since the Aryan invasion, and also

the king who ended the conflict between the Aryans and local

community, reorganizing the populace. His story is one wrapped

in myth and legend.

Mutasiva



Predecessor Pandukabhaya

Successor Devanampiya Tissa

Offspring

Nine sons:

Devanampiya Tissa

Uttiya

Mahasiva

Asela

Royal House Vijaya

Father Pandukabhaya

Mutasiva was an early monarch of Ceylon of the

kingdom of Anuradhapura, based at the ancient capital

of Anuradhapura from 367 BC to 307 BC. He had nine

sons, some of which were his successors such

Devanampiya Tissa, Uttiya, Mahasiva and Asela, as

well as being the son of King Pandukabhaya.

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Devanampiya Tissa


The Sri Maha Bodhi is said to have been brought to Sri Lanka during

Devanampiya Tissa's reign. It is a sapling of the bo tree under which the

Buddha attained enlightenment, and is symbolic of the most significant

event of Tissa's reign - his conversion to Buddhism

Reign 307 BC 267 BC

Died 267 BC

Predecessor Mutasiva

Successor Uttiya

Consort Anula

Royal House Vijaya

Father Mutasiva

Tissa, later Devanampiya Tissa was one of the

earliest rulers of Sri Lanka based at the ancient

capital of Anuradhapura from 307 BC to 267 BC. His

reign was notable for the arrival of Buddhism in

Ceylon under the aegis of Mauryan Emperor Ashoka.

The primary source for his reign is the Mahavamsa,

which in turn is based on the more ancient

Dipavamsa

Uttiya



Predecessor Devanampiya Tissa

Successor Mahasiva

Royal House Vijaya

Father Mutasiva

Uttiya was an early monarch of Ceylon of the

kingdom of Anuradhapura, based at the ancient

capital of Anuradhapura from 267 BC to 257 BC.

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Asela



Died 205 BC

Predecessor Sena and Guttika

Successor Elara

Royal House Vijaya

Father Mutasiva

Asela was an early monarch of Sri Lanka of the kingdom of

Anuradhapura, based at the ancient capital of Anuradhapura from

215 BC to 205 BC. Asela was the youngest of the many sons of

Mutasiva and brother of previous monarchs Devanampiya Tissa,

Uttiya and Mahasiva. Asela fought Sena and Guttika in a battle to

re-establish Vijaya rule in 215 BC, but in 205 BC the

kingdom of Anuradhapura was again

invaded by a Tamil, a Prince of the Chola

Dynasty killing Asela.

Sena and Guttika



Predecessor Suratissa

Successor Asela

Sena and Guttika were two Tamil chiefs from

South India who invaded the kingdom of

Anuradhapura and led an army allied with the

local Tamil people population to defeat king

Suratissa in battle. They reigned from 237 BC to

215 BC.

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Elara


Elaras bell and cow


Titles Elara the Just

Born 235 BC

Died 161 BC

Predecessor Asela

Successor Dutthagamani

Elara (205 BC - 161 BC), also known as Elalan and laezha Chola (, ) in Tamil, was a Chola king from the Chola Kingdom, in present

day South India, who ruled Ceylon from 205

BC to 161 BC from the ancient capital of

Anuradhapura. Often referred to as 'the

Just King'. Elara is a peculiar figure in the

history of Ceylon and one with particular

resonance given the ongoing ethnic strife in

the country. Although he was an invader, he

is often regarded as one of Ceylon's wisest

and most just monarchs, as highlighted in

Sinhalese chronicle Mahavamsa. According

to the chronicle, even Elara's nemesis king

Dutugemunu had a great respect for him,

and ordered a monument be built, where

Elara was cremated after he was slain in

battle.

KING ELALAN A TAMIL KING RULED IN ANURADHAPURAM FROM 205 BC TO 161 BC

vy;yhsd; vd;w jkpo; kd;dd;; mDuhjGuj;jpy; fpK 205 fpK 161 tiu Ml;rp nra;jhd;

Source:-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elara_(King)#mw-head

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Mahasiva



Predecessor Uttiya

Successor Suratissa

Royal House Vijaya

Father Mutasiva

Mahasiva was an early monarch of Sri Lanka of the kingdom of


257 BC to 247 BC. Mahasiva was one of the many sons of Mutasiva

and also brother of monarchs Devanampiya Tissa, Uttiya and Asela.

Suratissa



Died 237 BC

Predecessor Mahasiva

Successor Sena and Guttika

Royal House Vijaya

Father Pandukabhaya

Suratissa was an early monarch of Ceylon of the kingdom of


247 BC to 237 BC. He was the younger son of Pandukabhaya and

the brother of Mutasiva. Suratissa was defeated and

killed in battle by two South Indian Tamil

invaders Sena and Guttika and usurped the

Sinhalese throne and became joint rules of

Anuradhapura, which was the first

historically reported account of Tamil rule in

Ceylon. Sinhala rule was re-established in

215 BC.

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Dutugamunu


The historic battle between Elara and Dutugemunu.

Reign 161 BC 137 BC

Coronation 161 BC

Full name Gamini Abhaya

Titles King of Ruhuna

Birthplace Thissamaharama, Hambanthota

Died 137 BC

Predecessor Elara

Successor Saddha Tissa

Consort Queen Ranmanika

Offspring Prince Saliya

Royal House Vijaya

Father Kavan Tissa

Mother Viharamahadevi

Dutugemunu (Sinhala, duugmuu), also known

as Dutthagamani (Pali, duhagma) and Gamani Abhaya (Pali, gma abhaya, "fearless Gamini") was a Sinhalese king of Ceylon who reigned from 161 BC to

137 BC. He is renowned for defeating and overthrowing the

usurping Tamil king of Anuradhapura, Elara of India,

expanding and beautifying the city, and projecting the power

of his native Rajarata region across the island of Ceylon.

Due to his significance as one of the most potent symbol of

Sinhalese historical power, Dutugemunu's story is swathed

in myth and legend.However, many aspects of the accounts of

his life have been verified by contemporary inscriptions, and

the basic account of his life is generally accepted as accurate.

Saddha Tissa was an early monarch of the kingdom of

Anuradhapura, based at the ancient capital of

Anuradhapura from 137 BC to 119 BC. Saddha Tissa

was the son of Kavan Tissa of Ruhuna and the brother

of Dutthagamani.

Saddha Tissa



Predecessor Dutthagamani

Successor Thulatthana

Offspring

Lanja Tissa

Thulatthana

Khallata Naga

Valagamba

Father Kavan Tissa

Mother Viharamahadevi

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Khallata Naga



Died 103 BC

Predecessor Lanja Tissa

Successor Vattagamani Abhaya

Dynasty Shakya

Father Saddha Tissa

Khallata Naga, also known as Kalunna, was an early

monarch of Ceylon of the Anuradhapura Kingdom from

109 BC to 103 BC.

Lanja Tissa, also known as Lamani Tiss, was an early

monarch of Ceylon of the Anuradhapura Kingdom from

119 BC to 109 BC.

Lanja Tissa



Titles King of Ruhuna

Died 109 BC

Predecessor Thulatthana

Successor Khallata Naga

Dynasty Shakya

Father Saddha Tissa

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The Five Dravidian were five Tamil Chiefs apparently from the Pandyan Dynasty

who ruled the Anuradhapura Kingdom for 14 years from 103 BC to 88 BC.

Pulahatta



Died 100 BC

Predecessor Valagamba

Successor Bahiya

Pulahatta was the first of the Five Dravidians. He was a Tamil Chiefs from the Pandyan Dynasty, in South India, who invaded and over through the reigning monarch Valagamba, who had only come to the throne five months before. He appointed Bahiya as his Chief Minister and reigned for three years until he was murdered in 100 BC by Bahiya.

Bahiya



Died 98 BC

Predecessor Pulahatta

Successor Panya Mara

Bahiya was the second of the Five Dravidians, he ruled from 100 BC to 98 BC. Chief Minister of Pulahatha, during Pulahatha's reign, he murdered him and ruled as king. Bahiya's reign came to an end when his Prime Minister, Panya Mara, killed him after only two years of assuming the throne

Panya Mara


Reign 98 BC - 91 BC

Died 91 BC

Predecessor Bahiya

Successor Pilaya Mara

Panya Mara, the third of the Five Dravidians reigned from 98 BC to 91 BC, the longest of any of the Five Dravidians. before ascending the throne he had the office of Prime Minister under Bahiya, whom Panya Mara then killed taking the throne while appointing Pilaya Mara as his Chief Minister.

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Pilaya Mara


Reign 91 BC - 90 BC

Died 90 BC

Predecessor Panya Mara

Successor Dathika

The Five Dravidian were five Tamil Chiefs apparently from the Pandyan Dynasty

who ruled the Anuradhapura Kingdom for 14 years from 103 BC to 88 BC.

Pilaya Mara was King of Anuradhapura from 91 BC to

90 BC. Assuming the throne like his predecessors,

murdering Panya Mara, when he was Chief Minister for

him. Pilaya Mara had the shortest of all the reigns of the

Five Dravidians only lasting seven months, being killed

by his own Chief Minister Dathika

Dathika


Reign 90 BC - 88 BC

Died 88 BC

Predecessor Pilaya Mara

Successor Valagamba

Dathika was the last of the Five Dravidians, who ruled

for two years from 90 BC to 88 BC. Dathika came to the

throne after murdering his king Pilaya Mara, whom he

was Chief Minister for. In 88 BC he was killed, losing the

throne, by Valagamba restoring his reign and the dynasty

of the House of Vijaya who had reigned since the start of

the monarchy. Valagamba went on to rule the

Anuradhapura Kingdom for the next 12 years.

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There were three kingdoms in the island of Ceylon (Ilankai). The South Western seashore and Southern seashore were

administered by the Kotte Sinhalese Kingdom. The central mountain area was taken care of by the Kandy Udarata

Sinhalese Kingdom. The East, North and North-West were administered by the Tamil Kingdom. This

situation remained during the arrival of the Europeans in 1505 and even after that. Kotte was the capital of the

Sinhala Kingdom, which later fell to the Portuguese in 1505. Nallur was the capital of the Tamil Kingdom. This also

fell to the Portuguese in 1619. The Kandy Udaratta Kingdom made Kandy its capital. In AD 1815 this was taken by the

English.

The Tamils controlled and administered the following areas, Yaalpanam, Vanni, Kottiyaaru, Palukamam, Paanamai

and Muthusilapam. These are large administrative areas. Within these large areas there are smaller areas called

"Koralai" by the Sinhalese, and "Pattu" by the Tamils. The maps and drawings from the time of Ptomey the Greek

explorer and later from the period when the English came to the island, show how they recorded the areas of the Tamils

and the Sinhalese separately.

When the Portuguese and the Dutch took over the island's seashores, they ruled the Tamils and Sinhalese

separately. The Greek explorer Ptolemy and the British who came later demarcated separately the Tamil and the

Sinhala regions. They recorded this. The Sinhalese termed their administration "Rata". The Tamils named their

administration "Vannimai". Rajarata, Mayarata, Udarata and Ruhunurata were the areas controlled by the Sinhalese,

in their respective administrations.

During Dutch rule, one Tamil Kingdom and two Sinhalese Kingdoms were functioning as Tamil

administration, seashore Sinhalese administration and Kandian Sinhalese administration. Later under

British rule, these three administrative areas were converted into five provinces.

Portuguese and the Dutch took over the island's in1505, they ruled the

Tamils and Sinhalese separately until English took over in 1815.

Source :- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_period_in_Ceylon http://www.sri-lanka-tour.com/history/portuguese-period.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Ceylon

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Ceilo Ceylon

Portuguese colony

Maximum Portuguese expiation in Ceylon

Capital Colombo

Language(s) Portuguese, Sinhala, Tamil

Political structure Colony

Captains

- 1518-1518 Joo da Silveira

- 1522-1524 Ferno Gomes de Lemos

Captain-majors

- 1551-1552 Joo Henriques

- 1591-1594 Pedro Homem Pereira

Governors

- 1594-1594 Pedro Lopes de Sousa

- 1656-1658 Antnio de Amaral de Meneses

Historical era Imperialism

- Contact and trade

with the Kotte

Kingdom

15 August 1505

- Fall of Portuguese

Ceylon 14 January 1658

Currency Portuguese Tanga (TCP)

Portuguese period in Ceylon From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

Portuguese Ceylon (Portuguese: Ceilo) was a Portuguese territory

in present-day Ceylon, representing a period in Ceylon history from

15051658. The Portuguese first encountered the Ceylonese kingdom of Kotte, with whom they signed a treaty. Portuguese Ceylon was

established through the occupation of Kotte and the conquest of

surrounding Sinhalese kingdoms. In 1565 the capital of Portuguese

Ceylon was moved from Kotte to Colombo. The introduction of

Christianity by the Portuguese furthered friction with the Sinhalese

people.

Eventually, the Ceylonese sought help from the Dutch Empire in

their struggle for liberation. The Dutch Empire initially entered into

agreement with the Kingdom of Kandy. After the collapse of the

Iberian economy in 1627, the Dutch-Portuguese War saw the Dutch

conquest of Portugal's Asiatic colonies. Eventually, Portugal's

Ceylonese territories were ceded to the Netherlands. Nevertheless,

there remain elements of Portuguese culture in Sri Lanka today from

this colonial period.

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Zeylan

Ceylon

Dutch colony

16561796

Flag Coat of arms

Capital Colombo

Language(s) Sinhala, Tamil, Ceylon Dutch

and Dutch

Political structure Colony

Governor

- 1640 Willem Jacobsz Coster (First)

- 1794-1796 J. G. van Angelbeek (Last)

Historical era Imperialism

- Dutch annexation of Colombo 12 May 1656

- British annexation of Colombo

Zeylan Ceylon

Dutch colony

16561796

Flag Coat of arms

Dutch Ceylon is a term used synonymously for the period, and the area

of Ceylon that was controlled by the Dutch from 16581798 and their rule.

In the 17th century, Ceylon was partly ruled by the Portuguese invaders

and the Sinhala kingdom, who were constantly battling each other.

Although the Portuguese were not winning the war, their rule was rather

burdensome to the people of those areas controlled by them. While the

Dutch were engaged in a long war of independence from Spanish rule, the

Sinhalese king (the king of Kandy) invited the Dutch to help defeat the

Portuguese. The Dutch interest in Ceylon was to have a united battle

front against the Iberians at that time.

After the Ceylonese' betrayal of the Dutch, the Dutch invaded parts of

Ceylon. They retained an area as compensation for the cost of war and

gradually extended their land. The Dutch gained control of the coastline,

but later the colonial British rulers succeeded them. The Dutch and

British each ruled for approximately 150 years.

CEYLON UNDER DUTCH COLONY PERIOD 1656-1796

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History of Kandy

This article is part of a series

Kingdom of Kandy (14691815)

Founding SinhalesePortuguese War

Kandyan Treaty of 1638 Portuguese period in Ceylon

Treaty of Batticaloa Kandyan Wars

Colonial Kandy (18151948)

Kandyan Convention Matale Rebellion

South East Asia Command

Kandy (1948Present)

Modern Kandy

See also:

An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon List of Kandyan Monarchs

History of Sri Lanka

Kandy Portal

Kingdom of Kandy In 1592 Kandy became the capital city of the last

remaining independent kingdom in the island after

the coastal regions had been conquered by the

Portuguese. Several invasions by the Portuguese and

the Dutch (16th, 17th and 18th century) and later by

the British (most notably in 1803) were repelled.

The kingdom tolerated a Dutch presence on the coast

of Ceylon, although attacks were occasionally

launched. The most ambitious offensive was

undertaken in 1761, when King Kirti Sri Rajasinha

attacked and overran most of the coast, leaving only

the heavily fortified Negombo intact. When a Dutch

retaliatory force returned to the island in 1763, Kirti

Sri Rajasinha abandoned the coastline and withdrew

into the interior. When the Dutch continued to the

jungles the next year, they were constantly harassed

by disease, heat, lack of provisions, and Kandyan

sharpshooters, who hid in the jungle and inflicted

heavy losses on the Dutch.

KINGDOM OF KANDY PERIOD 1469 - 1815

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Capital Colombo

Language(s) Sinhala, Tamil, & English

Government Constitutional Monarchy

Monarch of Ceylon

- 1815-1820 George III

- 1820-1830 George IV

- 1830-1837 William IV

- 1837-1901 Victoria

- 1901-1910 Edward VII

- 1910-1936 George V

Governor of Ceylon

- 1798-1805 Frederick North

- 1805-1811 Thomas Maitland

- 1812-1820 Robert Brownrigg

- 1944-1948 Henry Monck-Mason Moore

Prime minister

- 1947-1948 Don Stephen Senanayake

Legislature Legislative Council of Ceylon

State Council of Ceylon

Historical era New Imperialism

- Kandyan Convention March 5, 1815

- Independence February 4, 1948

Currency Ceylonese rixdollar (1815 - 1828)

British pound (1825 - ?)

British Ceylon

British colony

18151948

Flag

Anthem

God Save The King

CEYLON UNDER BRITISH COLONY - PERIOD 1815 - 1948

25

Type of

treaty

deposition of Sri

Vikrama Rajasinha

Drafted 1815

Signed

Location

218 March 1815

Temple of the Tooth,

Kandy, Kingdom of

Kandy

Signatories 12

Parties 2

Languages Sinhala, Tamil, English

Kandyan Convention at Wikisource

Original Kandian Convention in English

The Kandyan Convention, signalling the fall of Kandy and the bringing of the entire island

under British colonial rule, was signed on March 2nd 1815. This was signed in Tamil

The last King of Kandy

Sri Wicramarajasingan is a Tamil king

Source:- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

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The dignitaries who placed their signature to the convention ONLY IN TAMIL were Ehelepola, Pilimatalawe second Adigar and Dissawe of Sabergamuwa, Pilimatalawe Dissawe of the four Korales and Ratwatte Dissawe of Matale. It is seen that Ratwatte Dissawe of Matale has signed as `RAVATHAI` in Tamil in 1815 AD.(see picture).If the Ratwatte of today claim ancestry to the `RAVATHAI` the change is due to political expediency to a Sinhala phonetic Ratwatte. It is an accepted historical fact that the LANGUAGE OF THE COURT OF KANDY WAS TAMIL. But it is intriguing to note that even after the King was deposed they chose to subscribe their signature in Tamil as THEY WERE TAMILS and THEIR TAMIL ANCESTRY. Who were the signatories to the Convention? Governor Browning signed first on behalf of the King of Britain. On behalf of the people the following chiefs signed in the order mentioned below. 1. EHELEPOLA in Tamil 2. MOLLIGODA,first Adigar and Dissawe of seven Korales in Sinhalese. 3. PILIMATALAWE,second Adigar and Dissawe of Sabragamuwa in Tamil. 4. PILIMATALAWE, Dissawe of four Korales in Tamil 5. MONORAWILA, Dissawe of Uva in Sinhalese 6. RATWATTE,Dissawe of Matale in Tamil 7. MOLLIGODA, Dissawe of the three Korales in Sinhalese and Tamil 8. DULL EWE, Dissawe of Walpane in Sinhalese and Tamil 9. MILLEWE, Dissawe of Wellesse and Bintenne in Sinhalese and Tamil 10. GALAGAMA,Dissawe of Tamankaduwa in Sinhalese 11. GALAGODA,Dissawe of Nuwara-Kalawiya in Sinhalese`.

There were 12 signatories to the Kandyan Convention of 2nd March 1815 AD and signed in the following languages: a. One signature in English (Brownrigg - Governor). b. Four signed in Tamil. c. Three signed in Tamil and

Sinhalese. d. Four signed in Sinhalese. Of the four who signed in Tamil one was RATWATTE Disawe of Matale. To subscribe a signature to such an

important document in Tamil would give one an impression that either he was a Portuguese married to a Tamil, a Tamil or of Tamil extraction.

It is rather intriguing to note at page 392 of Pundit Dr.NANDASENA WIJESEKERA`s book, `The Sinhalese` the above is recorded.

THE KANDIAN CONVENTION & THE SIGNATORIES

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WHO IS THE LAST KING OF KANDYAN KINGDOM?

In 1815 Kandyan Kingdom was captured by the British. It was the last of the three kingdoms to fall. The 50th

Independence day celebrations were arranged in Kandy because of the fact that it was the capital of the last Sinhalese

Kingdom. Is there is truth in it?

The last king of the Kandyan Kingdom Sri Wickrama Rajasinghe II is not a Sinhalese but a Tamil. People who want to

distort the history for political reasons claim him as a Sinhalese. In south India, the Vijayanagar Empire (Vijayawada in

Andhra Pradesh) was established by Krishna Devarayar. The dynasty had its control over whole of south India including

Madurai. Madurai was ruled by a Nayakar from the dynasty. They are Tamil speaking Telungu people. In culture they

were Dravidian Tamils . Vai Gopalasamy, Arkattu Verrasamy second in command in DMK and E.V Ramasamy Nayakar

(Periar) are all descendents of this Nayakar dynasty. The great warrior Veera Pandia Kattaboman from Panchalm Kuruchi

in Thirunelvelli too a descendent from the Nayakar dynasty.

The name Bandara (Pandara) Nayake too signifies the relationship with the Nayaker dynasty. The last king of Kandy Sri

Wickrama Rajasinghe II too was from Nayaker dynasty. Before he became the king his name was Kannusamy. Even the

person who contested him for the throne too was Tamil named Muthusamy.

Rajasinghe II married a Tamil princess from Madurai. Tamil was the official language in the Kandyan kingdom when he

was the king. In 1818 the surrender document was written in Tamil and English only. It was signed by the King in Tamil

only and could be seen in the Colombo Museum unless they have altered it for political reasons. 11 Kandyan Lords also

signed the document and out of them five lords signed in Tamil. Ratwatte Disawa a forefather of Bandaranayake and

Ratwatte family signed it in Tamil.

The king was captured by the British kept in a confinement in a location near Cylinco house opposite the Central Bank

and when he died his body was sent to Vellore , in Tamil Nadu. The last Kandyan King's monument is still there in

Vellore. This is the story of the Tamil blood that flows in the veins of Bandaranayke (Nayakar) dynasty. But due to

political reasons and to be in power they claim themselves Kandyan Sinhala Buddhists. SWRD Bandaranayake too

changed religion from Buddhism to Christianity for the sake of personal benefits. How could people trust such a Political

dynasty who are turncoats?

Source: Eelanadu 19th Nov. 2001

Vijaya and 700 of his followers from India after landing in Tambapanni in a district near modern Mannar, which is in the district of Chilaw. Vijaya married Yakkhas, their Queen Kuveni who was disguised as a beautiful woman but was really a 'yakkini' (devil). Vijayas friends brought womens from odisa and other provinces of northern part of India and got married them. Since these people came from various districts of India speaks different languages started to talk a mixed language for their communication, as a result formed a mixed language which was later called as Sinhala in 8th A.D. Tamil language was the basis of these mixed languages within sinhalese language there are more than four thousand Tamil words. Very important point to note:- If the Sinhalese stripped or take away all these Tamils words from the Sinhalese language there is no Sinhalese langue at all even now. There were no Buddhists in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) before 200 BC because Buddhism was brought to Sri Lanka in 200 BC. There was no Sinhala language also before 300 BC.

29

The map shows the territories administered by the

Dutch in 1796. They were Jaffna Commandant,

Colombo Commandant and Galle Commandant.

Rest of the country was under the Kandian

Kingdom. Source:- http://www.sangam.org/2010/08/Tamil_Struggle_5.php 30

Malvana Convention When the Portuguese landed in Galle on November 15, 1505 Kingdoms of Kotte, Kandy,

Jaffna and six more chieftaincies ruled in Ceylon. Kotte Kingdom ruled the southern and

western lowlands, Kandyan Kingdom the mountainous central region, Jaffna Kingdom the

north and the northern portion of the east and the chieftaincies the region between the

Kingdoms of Kotte and Jaffna and the east and south.

Portuguese historian Joao de Barros in his book The History of Ceylon from the Earliest

Times to 1600 AD (Page 37) describes the political divisions of Sri Lanka as it existed

during the arrival of the Portuguese in the following words:- At present what is to the

purpose of our history is to know that it is divided into nine states, and each of these is

called a kingdom.

Barros admits the biggest of them were Kotte, Kandy and Jaffna and says that each of them claimed that they were the rulers of the entire island.

The Portuguese took over the administrative authority of the Jaffna Kingdom in 1570 but

permitted Periya Pillai to rule. Mendonca then summoned the Tamil chiefs and the

Mudaliyars for a convention at Nallur. He asked the assembled chiefs to submit to the

King of Portugals suzerainty. He declared that he would maintain the distinct laws and

customs of the Tamil kingdom. The Tamil chiefs accepted the offer and took oath of

allegiance to the king of Portugal. The ceremony was followed by the signing of a treaty.

King Philip 111 of Spain signed the treaty in his capacity of King Philip 11 of Portugal

and the Tamil chiefs and Mudaliyars of the kingdom of Jaffna on behalf of the people of

Jaffna. The three kingdoms and the chieftaincies lost their sovereignty during the period

of 310 years; Kotte in 1597, Jaffna in 1619, Vanni in 1802 and Kandy in 1815. Kotte went

under the Portuguese through a deed of gift and Jaffna passed into Portuguese control

when it lost the battle with them. Vanni and Kandy were captured by the British army.

The Tamil chiefs freely acknowledged through this treaty the sovereignty of King Philip

and swore fealty to him as King of Jaffna, by virtue of the conquest of the kingdom by

the Portuguese forces in 1616. As in the Malvana Convention the contracting parties were the King of Spain, as king of Portugal, and the representatives of the people of the kingdom of Jaffna, an independent, legally constituted, diplomatically recognized, political entity a sovereign state.

Who are the original inhabitants of Ceylon Sri Lanka was connected to India by a land mass before they were separated by water. It is, that Dravidian Tamils Nationals an indigenous community lived in Ceylon for many thousands years. Tamils in Ceylon can be grouped into three groups. Majority of them are the original inhabitants and some came to this country during the Cholas invasions from India and the others who came work in the tea estates were brought in the 18th century by British. Logically speaking, there was no such community called Sinhala Buddhists in Ceylon before 200BC. But there were Tamils in Ceylon before there were Sinhala Buddhists. However, Many Sinhalese have Dravidian and Aboriginal features and these people are either the inhabitants of the country who were speaking Tamil or aboriginal languages or people migrated from the South Indian states. Some of the Sinhalese have ancestors from Bengal, Orissa and other North Indian states. Those Sinhalese with the fair complexion either have north Indian roots or they have European ancestors.

31

Who are the original inhabitants of Ceylon Tamils and Sinhalease lived in two separate nations until they were brought together by the British during the 18th century. But it is important to look at some historic facts about Ceylon so that we know it is wrong for the Ceylon authorities to claim Ceylon as a Sinhala Buddhist country by suppressing the Tamil Nationals who are indeed the original inhabitants of this Nation. Firstly, there were no Buddhists in Sri Lanka before 200 BC because Buddhism was brought to Ceylon in 200 BC. There was no Sinhala language before 300 BC. Sinhala language was given birth around in 8AD. Sinhala language has around four thousands (4,000) loan words from Tamil language, although this language originated from Brahmi script and have features of Bengali, Pali and Sanskrit. It is quite obvious that Sinhala was developed by people from different races including the Tamils. There were no Sinhalese in Ceylon or in any part of the world until the Dipa Vamsa for the first time, referred to the descendants of Tamil (Hindus) who embraced Buddhism in 246 B.C. as Sihala on account of the Lion (no relevance). There is no culture called Sinhala culture. It is the Tamil culture that is projected as Sinhala culture. One example the 14th day of April is observed as New Year day only by the Tamils and Sinhala people throughout the world.

32

Origin of the Sinhala Language - Are the Sinhalese really Aryans? Saturday, 20 October 2007 - 5:42 AM - Srilanka Time news paper

As even as late as the 6th century A.D., there was no Sinhala language, the Great Chronicles were written in the Pali

language. Monk Maha Nama hatched the Vijaya myth to dub the Buddhist converts as Aryans, projecting them as

descendants of Bengalis. Maha Nama did not know that the Bengalis were Mongoloid Dravidians. The average

Sinhala man will decline to believe that prince Siddhartha, as a Nepalese, was not an Aryan. No king of Lanka during

the 200 years history of Lanka, claimed that he was of Aryan Dynasty.

How then can the populace claim that they are Aryans? With the mixture of Tamil, Pali and Sanskrit languages

evolved that Sinhala language during 8 A.D. It was not Pali or Sanskrit, but the Tamil language that helped

in the formation of the Sinhala alphabets. The alphabets of the Sinhala language are round in shape like the

alphabets of the other Dravidian languages. Telugue, Malayalam, Kannadam and proto-Tamil. In the 10th century.

Tamils changed the shape of their alphabets to the square shape.

According to Dr. C.E. Godakmubara, the Sinhala Grammar Sidathsangarawa was based on the Tamil Grammar

Virasolium in the 11th A.D. The term `Sihala (Lion in Pali) is seen for the first time in Sri Lankan sources in the Dipa

Vamsa (4-5 A.D.) and in that chronicle, that term occurs only once, and in that cryptic verse it is stated that the Island

was known as `Sinhala` on account of the Lion - `Lanka Dipo Ayam ahu sihena sihalaitu`. In the maha Vamsa the

term `Sihala` - occurs only twice. In the epic Ramayana 420 B.C., this island was known as Lanka much

earlier.

[Rev. S. Gnanapiragasam - `There are more than 4,000 Tamil words in the Sinhala vocabulary. If the Sinhala

vocabulary is stripped of all the Tamil words there will be no Sinhala language.`]

There were no Sinhalese in Lanka or in any part of the world until the Dipa Vamsa for the first time,

referred to the descendants of Tamil (Hindus) who embraced Buddhism in 246 B.C. as Sihala on account of

the Lion (no relevance). There is no culture called Sinhala culture. It is the Tamil culture that is projected

as Sinhala culture. The 14th day of April is observed as New Year, day only by the Tamils and Sinhala

people throughout the world. This fact is strong evidence that the Sinhala people inherited this practice

from their Tamil ancestors who embraced Buddhism in 246 B.C.

Source:- http://www.lankanewspapers.com/news/2007/10/20510_space.html

33

It is stupid to deny that fact. When there was no Sinhala language in Lanka or in any part of the world before 8th A.D., it is thuggery to claim that there were Sinhala people in Lanka prior to the 8th century A.D. Just as the descendants of Tamils who embraced Buddhism in 246 B.C. claim they are Arya Sinhalese Tamils of the Western Coast, from Ragama to Kalpitiya, after adopting Sinhala as their mother tongue, (after the introduction of free education) claim thy are Arya Sinhalese. In Ceylon any person who adopts Sinhala as mother tongue ipso facto is an Aryan.

That is Ceylon logic, Yes, in Ceylon a leopard can change its spots. Wilhelm Geiger - `not what is said, what is left unsaid, is the besetting difference of Sinhala history`.

[The borrowing process] Tamil loanwords in Sinhala can appear in the same form as the original word (e.g. akk ), but this is quite rare. Usually, a word has undergone some kind of modification to fit into the Sinhala phonological (e.g. pa i becomes pa i(ya) because the sound of / /, IPA: [ ], does not exist in the Sinhala phoneme inventory) or morphological system (e.g. ilakkam becomes ilakkama because Sinhala inanimate nouns (see grammatical gender) need to end with /a/, IPA: [ ], in order to be declinable). These are the main ways Tamil words are incorporated into the Sinhala lexicon with different endings:

Few examples of Sinhala words taken from Tamil ? Tamil Words and Meaning in English ] d yama - Income - t yam- Profit akk - Elder sister - akk Elder sister Kinship ambalama - Way-side rest- ampalam Public mb ay - Barber ampa a - Barber Trade g iya - Stall (in a market) a k i - Market Trade ayy - Elder brother - aiy (see also Ayya) Sir, father app - Father (regional/colloquial) - app - Father Kinship ppa Hoppers - App ppam Hoppers Food araliya -Oleander - arali- Oleander ca iy - Bandit, rowdy- ca iyar Bandit c ttaya - Chintz - c ttai Chintz ilakkama- Number- ilakkam Number ediriya- Opposition, hostility- etiri Opponent, enemy Military galka uva- Sugar-candy - ka ka u Sugar-candy Food icc va- Flattery- iccakam Flattery i ama- Site, land - i am Place, site Construction a ? Asthma- ai Asthma Daily ilakkaya ? Target- ilakku Target Military and riy - Young man- i ant ri Young man i avuva - Death, funeral - i avu Death iranav - To saw, to tear- i u- To break, to destroy ira a - Double, even number - ira ai Double, even number j iya- Jar - c i - Jar j uva- Pair- j i/c i Pair ka ad siya - Paper - ka ut si Letter, paper

34

In 1833 the Colebrook-Cameron Commission allocated approximately 26,500 sq.km as the Tamil People's Ancestral Motherland.

In 1901 when the nine provinces came into being, the Tamil administration of the Northern and Eastern Provinces measured approximately 19,100 sq.km Due to some of the area being incorporated into the Sinhalese provinces the Tamil area had been reduced by approximately 7,500 sq.km. After 1948 the government's settlement plan deprived the Tamils of 7,000 sq.km. in the Eastern Province and 500 sq.km. in the Northern Province. Although the Tamils protested, the Colombo administration ignored the Tamils and settled Sinhalese in these regions. Approximately 7,500 sq.km of Tamil land was plundered by the Sinhala Government's Demarcation and Resettlement Plan when it came into operation. This has been taking place over the last forty years. Before 1833, 25% of Tamil speaking people occupied 35% of land, which was in their administration as Tamil ancestral homeland. In 1901 this area shrunk from 35% to 29%. Within 162 years the Sinhalese government under its crafty Demarcation and Resettlement Plan has plundered 50% of the Tamil ancestral homeland and is still attempting to colonise more and more! (The original text was produced in Tamil by the Author in 1980s) http://www.globalpeacesupport.com/globalpeacesupport.com/post/2010/08/06/SINHALA-COLONISATION-IN-THE-HEREDITARY-TAMIL-REGIONS-OF-THE-ISLAND-OF-SRI-LANKA.aspx Lecturer at the University of Jaffna. By K. Sachithanandan

35

First Map shows the Kingdom of Jaffna Second Map shows the Jaffna Patnam

Kingdom of Jaffna is shown very clearly in the Ceylon map

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

36

Preceded by

Puviraja Pandaram

Jaffna Kingdom

1591 1617

Succeeded by

Cankili II

Preceded by

Singai Pararasasegaram

Jaffna Kingdom

15191561

Succeeded by

Puviraja Pandaram

Preceded by

Puviraja Pandaram

Jaffna Kingdom

1565 1582

Succeeded by

Puviraja Pandaram

Preceded by

Ethirimana Cinkam

Jaffna Kingdom

16171619

Succeeded by

Phelipe de Oliveira

Preceded by

Cankili I

Jaffna Kingdom

15611565 Succeeded by

Ethirimanna Cinkam

Succeeded by

Ethirimanna Cinkam Preceded by

Periyapillai

Jaffna Kingdom

15821591

JAFFNA KINGDOM existed FROM 1215 TO 1619

37

Rulers of Jaffna Kingdom

(1215-1619)

Kulingai Cakravarti (1215 - 1255)

Chandrabhanu

(Tambralinga) (1255-1262)

Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan (1262-1284)

Kulotunga Cinkaiariyan (1284-1292)

Vickrama Cinkaiariyan (1292-1302)

Varodaya Cinkaiariyan (1302 - 1325)

Martanda Cinkaiariyan (1325 - 1347)

Gunabhooshana

Cinkaiariyan (1347 - ????)

Virodaya Cinkaiariyan (???? - 1380)

Jeyaveera Cinkaiariyan (1380 - 1410)

Gunaveera Cinkaiariyan (1410 - 1440)

Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan (1440 - 1450)

Sapumal Kumaraya

(Kotte Kingdom) (1450 - 1467)

Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan (1467 - 1478)

Singai Pararasasegaram (1478 - 1519)

Cankili I (1519 - 1561)

Puviraja Pandaram (1561-1665)

Periyapillai (1565-1582)

Puviraja Pandaram (1582-1591)

Ethirimana Cinkam (1591 - 1616)

Cankili II (1617-1619)

Don Constantine

(Native child king under

Portuguese control)

(1619-1624)

Phelipe de Oliveira

(Portuguese Empire) (1624-1627)

NAMES OF THE KINGS WHO RULED JAFFNA KINGDOM FROM 1215 TO 1619

38

Mantri Manai - The surving remains

of the minister's quarters that was

reused by the Portuguese and Dutch

colonials[

Cankilian Thoppu - Facade of the palace

belonging to the last king Cankili II.

Nallur Kandaswamy temple - One

of the royal temples of Nallur, the

capital.

Nallur, the capital was built with four entrances with gates. There were two main roadways and four temples at the four gateways. The rebuilt temples that exist now do not match their original locations which instead are occupied by churches erected by the Portuguese. The center of the city was Muthirai Santhai (market place) and was surrounded by a square fortification around it. There were courtly buildings for the Kings, Brahmin priests, soldiers and other service providers. The old Nallur Kandaswamy temple functioned as a defensive fort with high walls. In general, the city was laid out like the traditional temple town according Hindu traditions.

39

The Royal family, first from the

right is Cankili I, who held off

the Portuguese Empire.

Reverse of the Setu coin with

Setu legend in Tamil

A Setu coin

OLDEST SETU COINS BELONG TO TAMIL KINGS

Source:- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page 40

Kingdom of Aryacakravarti

12151624

Flag

Jaffna kingdom at its greatest extent c. 1350.

Capital Nallur

Language(s) Tamil, Sanskrit

Religion Hinduism

Government Monarchy

Aryacakravarti

- 1215-1255 Kulingai Cakravarti

- 16171619 Cankili II

Historical era Medieval era

- Magha invasion of Lanka

causing Fall of Polonnaruwa

Kingdom.

1215

- Portuguese invasion 1505

- Fall of Nallur 1624

Currency Setu coins 41

Pararacacekaran VII

King of Jaffna

Second from the left is Puviraja Pandaram

Reign 1561 1565

1582 1591

Full name Puviraja Pandaram

Tamil

Died 1591 (1592)

Predecessor Cankili I (Cekaracacekaran VII)

Periyapillai (Cekaracacekaran VIII)

Successor

Periyapillai (Cekaracacekaran VIII)

Ethirimanna Cinkam

(Pararacacekaran VIII)

Offspring Ethirimanna Cinkam

(Pararacacekaran VIII)

Royal House Aryacakravarti dynasty

Father Cankili I (Cekaracacekaran VII)

Cekaracacekaran VIII

King of Jaffna

Jaffna coat of arms

Reign 1565 1582

Full name Periyapillai

Tamil

Died 1582 (1583)

Predecessor Puviraja Pandaram (Pararacacekaran

VII)

Successor Puviraja Pandaram (Pararacacekaran

VII)

Offspring Cankili II (Cekaracacekaran IX)?



42

Parasasekaran VIII

King of Jaffna

Jaffna coat of arms

Reign 1591 1617

Full name Ethirimanna Cinkam

Tamil

Died 1617 (1618)

Predecessor Puviraja Pandaram

(Parasasekaran VII)

Successor Cankili II

(Cekaracacekaran IX)


Father Puviraja Pandaram

(Parasasekaran VII)

Cekaracacekaran VII

Cankili I

King of the Jaffna Kingdom

Statue of Cankili I in Jaffna, Sri Lanka

Reign 15191561

Full name Cankilian Sekarasasekaran

Tamil

Birthplace Nallur

Died 1565 (1566)

Place of death Nallur

Buried Nallur

Predecessor Singai Pararasasegaram (Pararacacekaran

VI)

Successor Puviraja Pandaram (Pararacacekaran VII)

Offspring Puviraja Pandaram (Pararacacekaran VII)


Father Singai Pararasasegaram (Pararacacekaran

VI)

Mother Mangathammal

43

44

Last king of Kandy is a Tamil named Vickrama Raja Singa, his wife

Monumental Mausoleum (Burial Grave) or headstone

The Tamil and Tamil blooded Queens & Kings of Ceylon. Tamils are the rulers of this country for thousands of years. With so many Tamil rulers and history, the Sinhalese must be out of their mind to claim the entire country for themselves. Wednesday, 24 September 2008 - 10:28 AM Srilankan Time news paper

TAMIL & TAMIL BLOODED KINGS & RULERS OF CEYLON 0. KUVENI, Queen of Eelam succeeded her father as Queen and ruled the island before the arrival of Vijaya ( Not enough evidence to prove Kuveni`s language, based on her Naga heritage, most probably she may be a Tamil. Definitely she is not a Sinhalese. 7. MUTASIVA 367-307 BC 8. DEVANAMPIYA THEESAN 307-267 BC second Son of King Mutasiva 9. UTTIYA 267-257 BC Brother of King Devanampiya Theesan 10. MAHASIVA 257-247 BC Second (younger) brother of King Devanampiya Tissa 11. SURATHEESAN 247-237 BC Younger brother of King Mutasiva SENA & GUTTILA 237-215 BC Two Tamil Chief`s, killed King Suratissa and captured the throne at Anuradhapura. Sinhala rule was re-established in 215 BC 14. ELLALAN/ELARA 205-161 BC (the Just) A Tamil Prince of the Chola Dynasty from South India ruled the country for 44 years THE LONGEST RULER IN THE HISTORY OF SRI LANKA. During this period of rule by the Tamil King Elara whio ruled from Anuradhapura, the capital of Raja Rata (King`s Territory), there were two Sub-Divisions of the Island known as Maya Rata to the South West and Ruhuna to the South East. The tank situated in the Northern Province called Vanunik Kulam was also constructed by him. He ruled over Ceylon for forty four years.

45

22. PULAHATHA 103-100 BC Tamil Chief Reigned supreme for three years and was

murdered by his Chief Minister, Bahiya.

23. BAHIYA 100-98 BC Chief Minister of Pulahatha Ruled for two years with the Chief

Panayamara as Prime Minister who also murdered him and took power.

24. PANAYAMARA/PANAYAMARAN 98-91 BC Prime Minister of Bahiya Reigned for

seven years and was murdered by his Chief Minister, Piliyamara

25. PILAYAMARA/ PILLAYMAR 91 BC Chief Minister of Panayamara Reigned for

seven months and was murdered by his Chief Minister, Dathiya

26. DATHIYA 90-88 BC Chief Minister of Pilayamara Reigned for two years before he

was killed

31. Queen ANULA 47-41 BC first Queen of Lanka SHE WAS ATTRACTED TO TAMIL

MEN. She made Siva, the palace guard as her consort. Subsequently she poisoned Siva

and lived with an TAMIL carpenter, Vatuka, and many other Tamil men.

69. PANDU 428-433 AD

70. PARINDA 433 AD Son of Pandu, second Tamil ruler

71. KHUDA PARINDA 433-449 AD Younger brother of Pandu, Third Tamil ruler during

this period

72. TIRITARA 449 AD Fourth Tamil ruler was defeated and slain by Dhatusena within 2

months

73. DATHIYA 449-452 AD Fifth Tamil ruler - was defeated and slain by Dhatusena after

a war lasting 3 years

74. PITHIYA 452 AD Sixth Tamil ruler The latter Anuradhapura Period

46

76. KASYAPA 470-488 AD - son of King Dhatusena by a Pallava woman, killed his father and moved

his capital from Anuradhapura to Sigiraya. He was later dethroned by his exiled brother, Mogallana,

who returned the capital to Anuradhapura

102. MANAVAMMA 672-707 AD Son of Kassapa I, descendant of Silamegahavanna - In the seventh

century A.D., Tamil influence became firmly embedded in the island`s culture when Sinhalese Prince

Manavamma seized the throne with Pallava assistance. The dynasty that Manavamma established

was heavily indebted to Pallava patronage and continued for almost three centuries. During this

time, Pallava influence extended to architecture and sculpture, both of which bear noticeable Hindu

motifs.

Rule of Tamil Pandyas in the Anuradhapura 846-866

129. RAJADIRAJA THE GREAT 1007-1019 AD Chola (Tamil) Administration

POLANARUWA PERIOD:

141. PARAKRAMA BAHU I 1140-1173 AD Grandson of Vijaya Bahu I, Prince of Royal Blood,

Pandyan descent, son of Manabharana - Vijaya Bahu`s sister, Mitta and TAMIL PANDIYA PRINCE.

148. QUEEN LILAVATI/THRILOKASUNTHARI 1184-1187 AD Widow of King Parakrama Bahu I

Queen Lilavati belonged to the Pandya line on her father`s side. The country was peaceful and

prosperous and the Queen was able to devote her time to the development of literature, music,

drama and art. She ruled for three years wisely and well. She was removed from the throne by her

co-Ministers

153. QUEEN LILAVATI 1196-1197 AD - Widow of King Parakrama Bahu She was placed on the

throne for the second time by General Camunakka and he ruled the country through her for one

year.

47

155. QUEEN LILAVATI 1197-1198 AD - Widow of King Parakrama Bahu Ascended the

throne for the third time. She was of undiluted Royal blood and a woman of dignity who

commanded the respect and admiration of those with whom she came in contact. In the

seventh month of her reign King Parakrama of Pandu invaded Lanka and deposed her.

156. PARAKRAMA PANDIAN (Parakum Pandi) 1198-1201 South Indian Tamil

(Pandyan) He ascended the throne deposing Queen Lilavati. He produced himself to be

wise and capable monarch who administered justice strictly in accordance with the law

of the land.

Year 1233, The Tamils of Jaffana kingdom, led by a Prince named Chandra Bhanu, son

of the ruler of Jaffna, invaded the country in the eleventh year of Panditha Parakrama

Bahu`s reign.

163. CHANDRA BHANU 1270 AD Son of the ruler of Yapa Patuna (Jaffnapatnam) He

captured the Fort of Yapahuva but was deprived of his victory by the Pandya Emperor

Kulasekera.

164. PARAKRAMA BAHU III 1270-1275 Nephew of Buvaneka Bahu I, son of Vijaya

Bahu IV His mother was a sister of TAMIL Kulasekera Pandiyam. He was established

as King of Polonnaruwa. During his reign the island was invaded by a Pandyan army

led by one Chakravarti.

168. VIJAYA BAHU V (Jaya Bahu) 1307 AD Second son of Chandra Banu of

Jaffnapatnam Vijaya Bahu was reigning in the north of the Malayan Peninsula, retreated to Anuradhapura, where he met Parakrama bahu IV.

48

174. PARAKRAMA BAHU VI 1410-1462 AD Prince named Sepanana (Jayapala)

descended from Parakrama Bahu, the third son of Chandra Banu of Yapa Patuna

(Jaffnapatnam), and whose mother, Sunethradevi, was a daughter of the daughter of

Parakrama Bahu V of Dedigama

The king had two adopted sons, named Sapumal Kumara and Ambulugala Kumara.

175. VIRA PARAKRAMA BAHU VII 1462 AD Jaya Bahu son of Parakrama Bahu II`s

natural daughter, Ulakudaya Devi (TAMIL) Jaya Bahu, on ascension to the throne

assumed the name Vira Parakrama Bahu. He was not allowed to occupy the throne for

many days. His uncle Sapumal Kumara hastened to Kotte from Jaffna and put him to

death.

176. BHUVANEKA BAHU VI 1462-1469 AD SENPAKA PERUMAL (Sapumal Kumara)

son of Parakrama Bahu VI After putting to death Vira Parakrama Bahu VII, Sapumal

Kumara ascended the throne under the title Bhuvaneka Bahu VI.

(TAMIL BLOODED NAYAKE DYNASTY RULED THE KANDYAN KINGDOM UNTIL

1815. TAMILS KINGS OF JAFFNA KINGDOM ARE NOT INCLUDED HERE. ALL

THE ABOVE TAMIL/TAMIL BLOODED KINGS RULED THE SINHALA SOUTH)

Source(s) http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/ lkawgw/slm-kings.htm

http://www.lankanewspapers.com/news/2008/9/32748_space.html

49

50

This hand written document of Alexander Solsudean on 4th Nov. 1807 about he Tamil and Sinhalese areas. He is writing Tamils as Malabar.

51

It is rather intriguing to note at page 392 of Pundit Dr. NANDASENA

WIJESEKERA`s book, `The Sinhalese` the following is recorded.

TIGER flag represented the WELLASSEY DISSAWE and also HATH KORALE (ZS). It is not a coincidence that the districts of Welassey and Hath Korales flew the Tiger flag as the residents were Tamils and owed their allegiance to their original home of the Cholas of South India. The fact that Tamils lived in the said districts cannot be disputed. No Sinhalese will ever dare fly the TIGER FLAG, unless he is a Tamil. The residents of

Wellassey and Hath Korales flew the TIGER FLAG during the reign of the Tamil King Sri Wickrama Rajasinghe in 1815 AD, were undoubtedly

Tamils.

Since 1815 due to political expediency and compulsion of successive Sinhala governments by draconian laws, these Tamils adopted the Sinhala language.This

pattern was seen in the west coast of the island from Puttalam right down to the southern extremity of the country. A search in the land registry of these

districts would reveal that the title deeds have been written in TAMIL. This goes to prove that the civil administration of these districts was in TAMIL and

RULED BY TAMIL KINGS.

The eleven signatories to the Kandyan Convention. They were rulers of the revenue districts for the sole purpose of maintaining law and order and for

collecting revenue for the king. These appointments were made at the express command of king Sri Wickrama Rajasinghe alias Kannusamy. The two

districts viz Hath Korale on the west of the country and the other Wellassey on the south east of the country was a strategically important to the King of

Kandy. Through these districts the king had access to the sea ports of Batticola on the east coast and Chilaw on the west coast for trade and commerce.

During the reign of Tamil King Elara (145 BC), of Ceylon who ruled from Polnnaruwa, Maiyangane was his military outpost. King Elara was a prince from

the house of the Imperial Cholas of South India. During his reign he settled men from the kingdom of the Cholas in and around Polnnaruwa, Anuradhapura

etc. These Tamils went on pilgrimages to the Hindu kovil at Katargamam on the Southern extremity of the country. There were Tamil Brahmins officiating

as priests at this temple.

They lived with their families and a whole colony of Tamils sprang up at Katargamam. Katargamam was and is part of the Tamil homeland and the southern

boundary of the district of Wellassey. On the west coast of the country is the famous Muneswaram Hindi Temple and its environ which also became a

strong hold of the Tamils. This was home for hordes of Tamils from south India.

This falls within the district of Hath Korale which was under the control of the king of Kandy.Both districts Hath Korale and Wellassay flew the TIGER flag an emblem of the Imperial Cholas and now of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. A glimmer of hope was seen in the intrusion of another foreign country which had the same greed to convert the riches of the island to itself. With the fall

of Trincomalee on 20th of August 1795 and Colombo on 16th February 1796 to the British, the Catholic church was given freedom of worship by a

proclamation dated 3rd August 1796. This freedom of worship was extended to all other religions practised in the island whether Christian or pagan.

The Portuguese were directly responsible for the mass exodus of TAMILS of the KARAVA and PARAVAcastes from the fishery-coast of Punniyakayal, of

South India to the west coast of Ceylon.(CC, p 346,347,vol:l). They were all Catholics by conversion. Their intention was to have a Catholic community

living on the fringe of the location where there were spices. Their intentions was that this would expose them to learn the methods adapted by the natives in

their cultivation and harvesting. They felt that these expatriates were under their power and more amenable to their control to obtain optimum benefit in

financial returns and a bulwark against the pagans.

Royal Palace and the sacred Temple of the Tooth (known as the Dalada Maligawa). The Tamil king Sri Wicramarajasingan (last King of kandy) who transformed Kandy into a celestial city, Source:-http://www.lankanewspapers.com/news/2009/3/41440_space.html

The original history of Tambapanni then Ceylon which is later named as Sri Lanka

Ceylon is a teardrop-shaped island in the Indian Ocean, southeast of India. It has an area of 65,610 square kilometers (25,332 square miles), and is mostly flat or rolling plains. However, the highest point in Sri Lanka is Pidurutalagala, at an impressive 2,524 meters (8,281 feet) in altitude. The lowest point is sea level.

Fluctuations in sea level led to Ceylon being linked to the Indian subcontinent from time to time over the past million years. The last such link occurred about 5000 BC.

Findings at Iranamadu indicate that there were Paeolithic people in Sri Lanka as early as 300,000 BP. There is definite evidence of settlements by prehistoric peoples in Ceylon by about 125,000 BP. These people made tools of quartz and chert which are assignable to the Middle Pal-aeolithic period.

Elara (235 BC - 161 BC), also known as Elalan in Tamil, was a Chola king from the Chola Kingdom, in present day South India, who ruled ceylon from 205 BC to 161 BC from the ancient capital of Anuradhapura. King Elara often referred as 'the Just King'. Elara is a peculiar figure in the history of Ceylon and one with particular resonance given the ongoing ethnic strife in the country. Although he was an invader, he is often regarded as one of Ceylons wisest and most just monarchs, as highlighted in Sinhalese chronicle Mahavamsa.

According to the chronicle, even Elara's nemesis king Dutugemunu had a great respect for him, and ordered a monument be built, where Elara was cremated after he was slain sneakily in battle.

52

Contd Elara was a just ruler, even though he is a Hindu, was tolerant of Buddhism. The tank situated in the Northern Province called Vanunik Kulam was also constructed by him. He ruled over Ceylon for forty four years when he was slain in battle by Prince Dutu Gemunu (Dutta Gamini) in 161 BC. King Dutugemunu had a great respect for him, and ordered a monument be built, where Elara was cremated after he was slain sneakily in battle.

When Prince Vijaya landed on Tambaparanni (Ceylon, then Srilanka) in 5th century BC with his seven hundred followers from India dated to 543 BC, they saw a dog. Vijaya's men, surmising that 'Only where there is a village are dogs to be found', followed the creature, only to come upon the Queen of the Yakkhas, Kuveni. An elderly man conducted the wedding ceremony of the Yakkhas Queen, was wedded to Vijaya, the Aryan Prince. The coronation ceremony of the King followed the marriage.

Vijaya and Kuveni reigned as King and Queen of Tambaparanni for five years and their subjects were happy and contented. They had a son and a daughter. Vijaya abandoned Kuveni and his two children to marry an Aryan Princess from a Royal family from India to whom he had been betrothed before he was banished from his homeland. He made her his new Queen of the Tambaparanni. His followers married women from the land of this Queen and from this union sprang the Sinhalese race.

Kuveni, broken hearted and alone, cursed Vijaya, his Kingdom and all the future rulers of the Island stating that no ruler would ever be able to rule the land without bloodshed and strife. She then went back to her people and was received with a hail of stones. She fell to the ground and lay in a heap as the stones pounded the life out of her. After the death of Yakkhas Queen Kuveni, under the hands of her own kinsmen whom she had earlier betrayed, her son and daughter escaped to the jungle, they are the present day Veddahs.

53

Contd

Ceylons total population is approximately 21.5 million. Nearly three-quarters, 73.8%, are ethnic Sinhalese. Ceylon Tamils make up about 12% of the population, while more recent Indian Tamil immigrants, brought in as agricultural labour by the British colonial government, represent 5%. Another 7% of Ceylonese are the Malays and Moors, descendants of Arab and Southeast Asian traders who plied the Indian Ocean monsoon winds for more than a thousand years. There are also tiny numbers of Dutch and British settlers, and aboriginal Veddahs, whose ancestors arrived at least 18,000 years ago.

In 1931, Britain granted the local population a degree of self-government. And 16 years later the nation of Ceylon came into being when Britain granted the island independence on Feb. 4, 1948. The new country was no longer a British colony of the British Empire, but a member of the British Commonwealth.

In 1972 Ceylon adopted a new constitution, declared itself a republic while retaining membership in the Commonwealth of Nations, and changed its name from Ceylon to a Sinhala name Sri Lanka against the aspiration of the Tamil Nationals.

54

55

Sinhala colonisation along the river beds in the

name of development and for easy cultivation

Kandy 1 October 1833 5,575 km2

(2,153 sq mi)

99 km2 (38

sq mi)

5,674 km2

(2,191 sq mi) 2,423,966

435 /km2

(1,127/sq mi)

Trincomalee 1 October 1833 9,361 km2

(3,614 sq mi)

635 km2 (245

sq mi)

9,996 km2

(3,859 sq mi) 1,419,602*

152 /km2

(394/sq mi)

Area map Provincial

capital Date Created Land area

Inland water

area Total area Population

Population

density

Northern Jaffna 1 October

1833

8,290 km2 (3,201

sq mi)

594 km2 (229

sq mi)

8,884 km2

(3,430 sq mi) 1,040,963*

117 /km2

(303/sq mi)

Anuradhapura 1873 9,741 km2

(3,761 sq mi)

731 km2 (282

sq mi)

10,472 km2

(4,043 sq mi) 1,104,677

105 /km2

(272/sq mi)


Kurunegala 1845 7,506 km2 (2,898

sq mi)

382 km2 (147

sq mi)

7,888 km2 (3,046

sq mi) 2,169,892

275 /km2

(712/sq mi)

Area map Provincial


Inland water


Population

density

Ratnapura 1889 4,921 km2

(1,900 sq mi)

47 km2 (18

sq mi)

4,948 km2

(1,910 sq mi) 1,801,331

364 /km2

(943/sq mi)

Galle 1 October 1833 5,383 km2

(2,078 sq mi)

161 km2 (62

sq mi)

5,544 km2

(2,141 sq mi) 2,278,271

411 /km2

(1,064/sq mi)

Badulla 1886 8,335 km2 (3,218

sq mi)

165 km2 (64

sq mi)

8,500 km2

(3,282 sq mi) 1,177,358

139 /km2

(360/sq mi)


Colombo 1 October 1833 3,593 km2

(1,387 sq mi)

91 km2 (35

sq mi)

3,684 km2

(1,422 sq mi) 5,381,197

1,461 /km2

(3,784/sq mi)

Area map Provincial


Inland water


Population

density

Northern Jaffna 1 October

1833

8,290 km2 (3,201

sq mi)

594 km2 (229

sq mi)

8,884 km2

(3,430 sq mi) 1,040,963*

117 /km2

(303/sq mi)

Eastern Trincomalee 1 October 1833 9,361 km2

(3,614 sq mi)

635 km2

(245 sq mi)

9,996 km2

(3,859 sq mi) 1,419,602*

152 /km2

(394/sq mi)

North

Eastern

Trincomalee

Jaffna

September 1988 to

31 December 2006

17,651 km2

(6,815 sq mi)

1,229 km2

(475 sq mi)

18,880 km2

(7,290 sq mi) 2,460,565*

130 /km2

(337/sq mi)

58

Percentage of Ceylon Tamils

per district based on

2001 or 1981 (italic) census

Distribution of ethnic native Ceylon Tamils throughout the Island including the eastern

Trincomalee (34.3%), Batticaloa (70.8)and Ampara districts (18.4%)


Trincomalee District

Sri Lankan Administrative District

Trincomalee district's population was 334,363 in 2007

Eastern Trincomalee 1 October 1833 9,361 km2

(3,614 sq mi)

635 km2 (245

sq mi)

9,996 km2 (3,859

sq mi) 1,419,602*

152 /km2

(394/sq mi)

Area map Provincial


Inland water


Population

density


60

Population of Trincomalee District by ethnic group 1827 to 2007

Year

Sri Lankan Moors1 Tamils2 Sinhalese Others Total

No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %

1827 3,245 16.94% 15,663 81.76% 250 1.30% 0 0.00% 19,158 100.00%

1881 Census 5,746 25.89% 14,304 64.44% 935 4.21% 1,212 5.46% 22,197 100.00%

1891 Census 6,426 24.96% 17,117 66.49% 1,105 4.29% 1,097 4.26% 25,745 100.00%

1901 Census 8,258 29.04% 17,060 59.98% 1,203 4.23% 1,920 6.75% 28,441 100.00%

1911 Census 9,700 32.60% 17,233 57.92% 1,138 3.82% 1,684 5.66% 29,755 100.00%

1921 Census 12,846 37.66% 18,580 54.47% 1,501 4.40% 1,185 3.47% 34,112 100.00%

1946 Census 23,219 30.58% 33,795 44.51% 11,606 15.29% 7,306 9.62% 75,926 100.00%

1953 Census 28,616 34.10% 37,517 44.71% 15,296 18.23% 2,488 2.96% 83,917 100.00%

1963 Census 40,775 29.43% 54,452 39.30% 39,925 28.82% 3,401 2.45% 138,553 100.00%

1971 Census 59,924 31.83% 71,749 38.11% 54,744 29.08% 1,828 0.97% 188,245 100.00%

1981 Census 75,039 29.32% 93,132 36.39% 85,503 33.41% 2,274 0.89% 255,948 100.00%

2001 Census3

2007 Estimate 152,019 45.47% 96,142 28.75% 84,766 25.35% 1,436 0.43% 334,363 100.00%

Sources:[4][9]

1 Sri Lankan Moors and Sri Lankan Malays. 2 Sri Lankan Tamils and Indian Tamils. 3 2001 Census was only carried out partially in Trincomalee district.

61

DS Division Main Town GN

Divisions

Area

(km2)

Population (2007 Estimate)[4]

Sri Lankan

Moor

Sri Lankan

Tamil Sinhalese

Indian

Tamil Burgher Malay Other Total

Verugal &

Eachchalampattu Eachchalampattu 9 98.0 0 6,617 0 0 0 0 0 6,617

Gomarankadawala Gomarankadawala 10 285.0 0 22 5,855 0 0 0 2 5,879

Kanthalai Kanthalai 23 397.3 7,580 1,596 33,630 15 9 15 16 42,861

Kinniya Kinniya 31 146.9 59,055 2,503 0 0 0 0 0 61,558

Kuchchaveli Kuchchaveli 24 313.3 18,971 6,646 412 1 289 0 8 26,327

Morawewa or

Muthalikkulam

Morawewa or

Muthalikkulam 10 322.4 954 544 4,065 0 0 0 0 5,563

Muthur Muthur 42 179.4 34,080 12,529 146 361 2 0 14 47,132

Padavi Siripura Siripura 10 217.1 0 1 10,664 1 0 0 0 10,666

Seruwila Seruwila 17 377.0 2,079 1,876 7,152 8 0 0 27 11,142

Thampalakamam Thampalakamam 12 244.4 16,799 4,352 6,005 24 0 3 389 27,572

Trincomalee Town &

Gravets Trincomalee 42 148.0 12,174 58,966 16,837 80 667 309 13 89,046

Total 230 2,728.8 151,692 95,652 84,766 490 967 327 469 334,363

Trincomalee district is divided into 11 Divisional Secretary's (DS) Divisions, each headed

by a Divisional Secretary (previously known as an Assistant Government Agent). The DS

Divisions are further sub-divided into 230 Grama Niladhari (GN) Divisions (villages).

62

Batticaloa District Sri Lankan Administrative District

Batticaloa Tamil dialect is shared between Tamils, Moors, Veddhas and

Portuguese Burghers in the eastern province. The Tamil dialect used by

residents of the Trincomalee district has many similarities with the Jaffna

Tamil dialect. Source:- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page 63

Year

Tamils1 Ceylon Moors2 Sinhalese Others Total

No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %

1881 Census 61,014 57.80% 37,255 35.29% 5,012 4.75% 2,277 2.16% 105,558 100.00%

1891 Census 69,584 56.71% 44,780 36.50% 6,403 5.22% 1,932 1.57% 122,699 100.00%

1901 Census 79,857 55.01% 54,190 37.33% 7,575 5.22% 3,539 2.44% 145,161 100.00%

1911 Census 83,948 54.53% 60,695 39.43% 5,771 3.75% 3,529 2.29% 153,943 100.00%

1921 Census 84,665 53.35% 63,146 39.79% 7,243 4.56% 3,655 2.30% 158,709 100.00%

1946 Census 102,264 50.33% 85,805 42.23% 11,850 5.83% 3,267 1.61% 203,186 100.00%

1953 Census 130,381 48.20% 106,706 39.45% 31,174 11.52% 2,232 0.83% 270,493 100.00%

1963 Census3 141,110 71.93% 46,038 23.47% 6,715 3.42% 2,326 1.19% 196,189 100.00%

1971 Census 181,527 70.71% 60,889 23.72% 11,548 4.50% 2,757 1.07% 256,721 100.00%

1981 Census 237,787 71.98% 78,829 23.86% 11,255 3.41% 2,462 0.75% 330,333 100.00%

2001 Census4

2007 Estimate 381,984 74.05% 129,045 25.02% 2,397 0.46% 2,431 0.47% 515,857 100.00%

Sources:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

1 Ceylon Tamils and Indian Tamils. 2 Ceylon Moors and Ceylon Malays. 3 Ampara district was carved out of Batticaloa district in 1963. 4 2001

Census was only carried out partially in Batticaloa district.

Population of Batticaloa District by ethnic group 1881 to 2007

64

DS Division Main Town GN

Divisions

Area

(km2)

Population (2007 Estimate)[4]

Ceylon

Tamil

Ceylon

Moor Sinhalese

Indian

Tamil Burgher Malay Other Total

Eravur Pattu Chenkalady 39 634.16 61,058 13,333 1,430 7 58 0 0 75,886

Eravur Town Eravur 17 3.74 3,497 21,447 4 0 76 0 0 25,024

Kattankudy Kattankudy 18 3.89 5 39,517 0 0 0 0 1 39,523

Koralai Pattu Valaichchenai 12 484.50 24,436 25 69 18 40 1 0 24,589

Koralai Pattu Central Pasikudah 9 969 23,421 84 0 36 0 0 24,510

Koralai Pattu North Vakarai 16 550.00 21,262 0 1 0 0 0 0 21,263

Koralai Pattu South Kiran 18 19,639 0 7 13 0 0 0 19,659

Koralai Pattu West Oddamavadi 8 176.00 147 20,832 3 0 3 0 0 20,985

Manmunai North Batticaloa 48 75.09 82,031 3,845 226 63 2,197 80 17 88,459

Manmunai Pattu Araipattai 27 31.72 24,202 6,541 1 2 1 0 0 30,747

Manmunai South &

Eruvil Pattu Kaluwanchikudy 45 52.50 57,855 3 18 39 1 0 1 57,917

Manmunai South West Kokkadichcholai 24 161.60 23,789 0 199 0 0 0 0 23,988

Manmunai West Vavunathivu 24 292.70 25,024 0 1 0 0 0 0 25,025

Poratheevu Pattu Vellavely 43 167.20 37,927 0 354 1 0 0 0 38,282

Total - Population (2007 Estimate) 348 2,633.10 381,841 128,964 2,397 143 2,412 81 19 515,857

Batticaloa district is divided into 14 Divisional Secretary's (DS) Divisions, each headed by a Divisional Secretary (previously known as

an Assistant Government Agent)The DS Divisions are further sub-divided into 348 Grama Niladhari (GN) Divisions (villages).

65

Ampara district's population was 610,719 in 2007. The district is one of the most

diverse in Ceylon, both ethnically and religiously.

Ampara District

Ceylon Administrative District

The population of the district, like the

rest of the North and East, has been

affected by the civil war. The war has

killed an estimated 70,000 people.

Several hundred thousand Ceylon

Tamils, possibly as much as 400,000,

have emigrated to the West since the

start of the war. There are a further

800,000 internally displaced persons in

Sri Lanka, many of them living in

refugee camps in the North and East and

depending on aid provided by NGOs.


Year

Ceylon Moor Sinhalese Ceylon Tamil Indian Tamil Others Total

No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %

1963 Census 97,621 46.11% 61,996 29.28% 49,185 23.23% 1,312 0.62% 1,618 0.76% 211,732 100.00%

1971 Census 126,365 46.35% 82,280 30.18% 60,519 22.20% 1,771 0.65% 1,670 0.61% 272,605 100.00%

1981 Census 161,568 41.54% 146,943 37.78% 77,826 20.01% 1,411 0.36% 1,222 0.31% 388,970 100.00%

2001 Census 244,620 41.25% 236,583 39.90% 109,188 18.41% 715 0.12% 1,891 0.32% 592,997 100.00%

2007 Estimate 268,630 43.99% 228,938 37.49% 111,948 18.33% 58 0.01% 1,145 0.19% 610,719 100.00%

Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

Population of Ampara District by ethnic group 1963 to 2007

Ampara is said to be a stronghold of Ceylon Muslim politics and it is claimed by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil

Eelam, as part of their Tamil Eelam homeland. Muslims also requesting a self ruled Muslim region. 67

These areas are forcefully taken away Tamil areas and included or joined with the

Sinhala areas after colonisation - from Negombo, to Puttalam on one side. On the other

Eastern side starting from Pathaviya to Thesaimarakamam.

Puttalam Gj;jsk; Vannathivillu Tz;zhj;jp tpy;Y

Anaimadu - MidkL Chillow- rpyhgk; Natthandy- ehj;jhd;b Vennappu- ntd;dg;G Negombo -ePh;nfhOk;G

Pathaviya - gjtpah Kepaddikellava nfg;gpl;b nfhyht Horapothana nfhwtg; nfhj;jhid Pollanaruva -nghy;ydWit Badulla - tJis Maheyankanai - kfpaq;fid Monoragalla - nkhdwhfiy Thesaimarakamam - jpirkhwhfkk;

PLANNED STAGE ONE COLONISATION OF TAMIL AREAS BY SINHALESE

Source:-Knathalakam K. Sachithananthan 68

Musali - Kryp

Pathavi Sripura -gjtp rpwpGuk; Kumaran Kadavai - Fkud; flit Moravavi nkhwthtp Thampalakamam - jk;gyfhkk; Kanthalai - fe;jsha; Seruvalai NrUtiy Patheyatthalava - gjpaj;jyhit Maha Oya - kfh Xah Ukanai cfiz Sammanthurai - rk;khe;Jiw Thampanai - jk;gid Laku kala - yF fiy

These areas are forcefully taken away Tamil areas and included or joined with the

Sinhala areas after colonisation Musali on one side. On the other Eastern side starting from Pathavi Sripura to Laku kala

SECOND STAGE COLONISATION OF TAMIL AREAS BY SINHALESE


Sinhala Fisherman displaced from South, came to Occupy East, Ceylon Sinhala Government gave Official Acknowledgment and Recognition for the Sinhalese occupying the Tamils areas.

Government gave official support and help to displaced fishermen. They made the displaced settlement official recognition. Governments planned colonisation originated in five separate points. Step by step river root colonisation starting from Amparai to Kununai end Alai, Kanthalai, Seruvelai second point end colonisation Pathavia, Manal aru third point end colonisation Vilpattu to Musalai fourth point end colonisation. Fisherman encroachment fifth point end colonisation

In1901Ceylon became nine provinces, Tamils governing areas of Northern Province and Eastern Province consists of 19,100 sq Kmsq land area. Muthu Chilow Vannimai and Thampan Kadavai of Tamils land area was merged to Sinhalese Governing areas as a result 7,500 sq kmsq was reduced to tamils. Even though Tamils protested, after 1948 governments planned Sinhala colonisation in the Eastern Province reduced 7,000 sq km sq and in the Northern Province about 500 sq km sq areas were taken away from Tamils and given to Sinhalese bogus settlers. Governments planed aim, during the last 40 years is to take away 7,500 sq km sq land from Tamils and to merge with the Sinhalese areas which was described in the Provincial boundaries talks of the reorganising stagey.


Systematic Sep by Step Reduction of Tamil Areas

In1833 Colebrook Cameron set provincial areas, became Tamils Traditional Home Land Boundaries about 26,500 sq.km,.

Before 1833, Tamil speaking national was 25% of the country, had 35% of the land as their

traditional land as their governing areas.

In 1901 this area of land was reduced and came down to 29% from 35%.

Again the same 25% Tamil race had only 17% land area within their governing areas, so Tamil

races provincial boundary agreement came to reorganising talks.

Within one hundred and fifty two years time (1833 1995) 50% of the Tamils traditional home land was systematically absorbed by the Sinhalese. (Eg: Mathuru Oya, development plan)


Table Shows the Language based percentage proportion of the population

PROVINCE CAPITAL AREA sq km % POPULATION In 1901 %

Upper Province Colombo 3,705 6% 920,683 26%

Central Province Kandy 5,959 9% 622,832 17%

Southern Province Galle 5,550 8% 566,736 16%

Northern Province Jaffna 8,700 13% 340,936 10%

Eastern Province Batticoloa 10,352 16% 173,602 5%

North Eastern Province Kurunagal 7,750 12% 353,626 10%

North Central Province Anurathapura 10,352 16% 79,111 2%

Uva Province Badulla 8,160 12% 186,674 5%

Subrakamuva Province Ratnapura 4,918 8% 321,755 9%

Total 65,534 100% 3,565,955 100%

PROVINCE SINHALESE LANGUAGE TAMIL LANGUAGE OTHER LANGUAGE

Upper Province 83.0% 14.0% 3.0%

Central Province 59.0% 40.5% 0.5%

Southern Province 94.0% 5.7% 0.3%

Northern Province 4.5% 95.0% 0.5%

Eastern Province 24.5% 75.0% 0.5%

North Eastern Province 89.5% 10.0% 0.5%

North Central Province 90.0% 9.9% 0.1%

Uva Province 65.5% 34.0% 0.5%

Subrakamuva Province 31.5% 18.0% 0.5%

Table Shows Language based Races in Every Provinces and its Percentage Proportion 1995

72

TAMIL EELAMS SEA BOUNDRIES FOR FISHING INDUSTRY

Source:-Knathalakam K. Sachithananthan

73

Tamil Eela Fishing Boundaries

Tamil Eela

Sea Boundaries

Size: 1: 43,75,000

Ancient Tamil Brami Alphabets

Sinhala settlements After Independence from the British in 1948, the Colombo government started implementing new legislation to requisition land and settle the Sinhala population. The government put into place a scheme plan so as to reduce the land of the Tamils and increase the land of the Sinhala population. In its plan was the demarcation of borders intended to reclaim Tamil land in order to benefit the Sinhala people. Since 1827 - Tamil and Sinhala populations in Batticaloa district Table is shown on language basis (Until 1963 it includes Amparai district)

Year Tamil Speaking Sinhala Speaking

1827 99.62% 0.00%

1881 93.27% 4.75%

1891 93.2% 5.21%

1901 92.34% 5.21%

1911 92.95% 3.74%

1921 93.12% 4.56%

1946 92.55% 5.83%

1953 87.64% 11.52%

1963* 95.6% 3.35%*

1971 94.49% 4.49%

1981 95.95% 3.21%

SINHALA COLONISATION IN TOOK PLACE IN THE HEREDITARY TAMIL

REGIONS OF THE ISLAND OF SRI LANKA since independence in 1948

*In 1963 - Creation of Amparai district to help the Sinhalese to settle in Tamil area in East Eelam.

This is a brief history of how the Ceylon government and its

destructive agents plundered and robbed 50% of the ancestral

lands of the Tamils in the Island of Ceylon

74

The Gal Oya Project In the year 1952 the Pattipolai River was renamed "Gal Oya" which is a Sinhalese name. A dam was built across the river. The water pumped from this dam was used by the Sinhalese who settled there. This was another master plan to stifle the progress of the Tamil people.

1963 saw the creation of a new district known as Amparai (beautiful rock). Later an area was created for voters to assist the Sinhala people. This new area was called "Digamadulla" in the Sinhala language. Tamil and Sinhala population in Amparai district Table is shown language basis (Amparai district was created in 1963)

Year Tamil Speakings Sinhala Speaking

1963 70.22% 29.34%

1971 69.47% 30.18%

1981 62.03% 37.64%

During ethnic conflicts the Sinhalese brought armed thugs to chase the Tamils away from their villages and the Sinhalese came and settled in these Tamil areas. Recently in the District of Amparai more than 300 Saivaite (in English - "Hindu") temples were damaged. The priest of the well-known Murugan Temple was driven out and replaced by a Buddhist priest. Buddhists also control the nearby Buddhist Temple.

75

In the Eastern Province in 1948 the Sinhala population was only 5% but by 1995 it had increased to 24%. This is the result of the Sinhala government's planned resettlement of Tamil areas by Sinhalese colonists. According to the government Resettlement and Border Demarcation plan, Digamadulla electorate will be annexed to Uva Province.

Allai - Kantalai Project Gal Oya was planned. The same plan was used to resettle Sinhalese in Kantalai and Allai in 1952. Here also the Sinhalese are in the majority. This zone is in the District of Trincomalee. Medirigiriya and Lankapura are areas that were inhabited by Tamils in the past. When Thumpankadawa was annexed to the North Central Province, it had been taken from the East. During the ethnic conflict Tamils were driven out of these areas and were replaced by Sinhalese. Now the Sinhalese are in the majority.

In the Eastern areas of Kandhanai and Allai, the government settled the Sinhala people, creating a new Kandhanai administration block. Through this resettlement plan the northern parts; Marvel, Kumaran and Kadavai were given to the Sinhalese. This resettlement plan stretched as far as Seruvillai. A story was fabricated saying that in Seruvillai there was an ancient Buddhist temple. The government encouraged the Sinhala people to promote their cultural heritage in this so-called sacred place.

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