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Solar Energy Development: Sri Lanka Experience
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Bangladesh Solar Energy Development Forum20th September 2011Dhaka, Bangladesh
Solar Energy DevelopmentSri Lanka Experience
Upali DaranagamaAdditional Secretary(Planning and Development)
Ministry of Power & Energy
Solar – an Emerging New Renewable
Content
2
Energy Sector Overview
Energy Policy
Our Challenges
Way Forward and our assets
Solar Potential
Grid tied projects
Solar – An Emerging New Renewable
Energy Sector at a GlanceInstalled Capacity 3,096 MWTotal 3,096 MWHydro 1,180 MWThermal 1,682 MWNCRE 224 MWPeak Demand 1,960 MWElectricity GenerationHydro 39%Thermal 55%NCRE 6%Electrification Level of HHsTotal 91%National Grid 89%Off‐Grid 2%System Losses 13.5%
Country DataPopulation 20.45 MillionPopulation Growth 1.1%Area 65,610 km2
No. of HHs 4.7 MillionPer Capita GDP 2629 US$
Energy Policy
• Achieve complete electrification through grid and off‐grid schemes by 2012
• To reach a 10% of electricity from renewable energy resources by 2015
• Exploit the full economic potential of energy efficiency improvement
• To enhance the investment climate in all indigenous energy resources
• Adopt an integrated planning approach encompassing all above towards a sustainable energy future
5
The Small Power Development Program of Sri Lanka: The
Success Story
Off‐grid component
300 village community networks, based on small hydro (typical capacity
range 10‐100 kW, covers 5000 households in total)
129,000 solar home systems in operation
Now serves about 2% of households in the country
On‐grid component
Over 90 small power plants in operation (small hydro, wind)
Many more under construction, approvals pending
Large enthusiasm among developers, investors
Renewable Energy Development
6
SPP(Standardized Power Purchase)
route for Small Power Projects: The
success story
Operational since 1996, had a major policy review in 2007
Open for developers of capacity up to 10
MW
Over ninety projects now in operation, dozens more in various stages of development
Provided 6.6% of grid generation in year 2010 (target: 10% by 2015)
The On‐grid Renewable
7
BasicsNon‐negotiable, paid in LKR
Paid on the basis of energy delivered (not based on capacity)
AgreementsOnce signed, no change in tariffs for 20 years (except the smaller O&M escalation element)
Cost‐based, technology‐specific
Tiered or Flat (levelised); option to developer at the time of signing the Agreement
Provides comfort to lenders and return on equity to developer from day 1 of operation.
The Standardized Power Purchase (SPP) Tariff
NCRE Tariff
NCRE Tariff
Our progress
New Renewable Energy Projects on the grid
Hydro Biomass Wind Solar
185 MW 11 MW 30 MW 1.237 MW
Our progress
Solar Potential in Sri Lanka
Applications
• Off‐grid electricity
Solar Home Systems
• Grid Electricity
Net Metering
Solar Energy Parks
• Solar hybrid systems
Remote Island Electrification
Off‐grid Potential
129,600 solar home systems lighting up rural homes
More than 300 operational village hydro sites serving more than 7000 families by end 2010
Off‐grid electrification seems to be a matter of declining interest
98 %<
95 – 98%
90 – 95%
85 – 90%
80 – 85%
70 – 80%
60 – 70%
50 – 60%
40 – 50%
40%>
Electricity to all by 2012
Off‐grid Potential
Proposed Programme
Off‐grid Potential
Proposed Programme
Net Metering
• Facilitate import and export of electricity through
bi‐directional metering
• Customers can bank the excess electricity generated and
trade the same against future consumption (period of
banking 10 years)
• All consumer categories are eligible (Industrial,
Residential, General purpose, Religious)
Grid Potential
Solar radiation over the island does not show a marked seasonal variation, though significant spatial differentiation could be observed between the lowlands and mountain regions.
As estimated in the solar resource map developed by the NationalRenewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) of the USA, over most parts of the flat dry zone, which accounts for two‐thirds of the land area, solar radiation varies from 4.5 – 6.0 kWh/m2/day.
Thus, a substantial potential exists in the dry zone of Sri Lanka for harnessing solar energy
Hambantota – a potential solar site
Grid Tied Projects
•Two projects (500kW and 737kW) in the
same location
•Funded by Japanese and Korean Governments
• First hand experience for local Engineers•First phase completed early May 2011
•500kW capacity yielding more than 2,500kWh per day
Solar Park – Hambantota
Solar Park – Hambantota
Solar Park – Hambantota