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Work towards the RDE4 act Update for TCMV of 24 January 2017

DG-GROW

RDE 4 and relevant issues

• RDE testing during ISC, introducing however the possibility to

take into account independent testing by third parties

• Dealing with issues related to LCVs, multistage and special

purpose vehicles

• Other pending issues like transfer functions and the fuel issue

Reviews:

• More representative method for testing hybrid vehicles

• Review of uncertainty margins for both NOx and PN.

• Possible review of the cold start analysis

• Review of Ki factors

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RDE in ISC

• Mandatory testing provisions for the manufacturer for ISC. In

particular the following rules must be reviewed and defined for RDE

testing:

• vehicle selection and conditions

• fleet coverage (time & model range)

• statistical evaluation of the results

• assessment by the responsible TAA

• Could be similar to ISC as applied till now

• Issue of families definition

• Which limits?

• Presentation of ACEA contained many elements

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RDE4 in ISC

• Possibility of Surveillance Testing by Member States and

Independent Testers

• "Information collection by the manufacturers and from surveillance

programmes" already foreseen in ISC

• Need to define and use surveillance programmes in the future

• How, by whom, what and starting when?

• Will be discussed in dedicated meetings once some legal issues are

clarified

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LCV, multistage and special purpose vehicles

• Some of the issues were solved in RDE3, like the upper velocity

limit for highway driving for N2 and M2 category vehicles equipped

in accordance with Directive 92/6/EEC with a device limiting vehicle

speed to 90 and 100 km/h respectively

• Proposal still pending for other points:

• Coverage issues for underpowered vehicles?

• More data are needed

• Was that an issue during monitoring period?

• Multistage vehicles:

• Reference to completed vehicles in PEMS family definition

• Need to add provisions on how to treat such vehicles at ISC

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Transfer Functions

Recital in RDE2 :

• "If that principle (i.e. transfer functions) is applied, it should not lead

to the weakening of the environmental effect and the effectiveness

of the RDE test procedures, which should be demonstrated by a

peer-reviewed scientific study. In addition, for the assessment of the

severity of emission control during a PEMS trip, only parameters

that can be justified by objective scientific reasons and not just by

reasons of calibration of the engine or the pollutant control devices

or the emission control systems should be taken into account."

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Transfer Functions in RDE2

2.1.3 Transfer functions

The transfer function TF(p1,…, pn) referred to in point 2.1 is set to 1 for

the entire range of parameters pi (i = 1,…,n).

If the transfer function TF(p1,…, pn) is amended, this shall be done in

a manner which is not detrimental to the environmental impact

and the effectiveness of the RDE test procedures. In particular the

following condition shall hold:

𝑇𝐹 𝑝1, … , 𝑝𝑛 ∗ 𝑄 𝑝1, … , 𝑝𝑛 𝑑𝑝 = 𝑄 𝑝1, … , 𝑝𝑛 𝑑𝑝

Where:

• - dp represents the integral over the entire space of the parameters

pi (i = 1,…,n)

• - Q(p1,…, pn), is the probability density of an event corresponding to

the parameters pi (i = 1,…,n) in real driving.";

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ACEA's understanding

• Emissions should be "normalised or averaged" throughout all RDE

conditions. Against the principles of RDE, which are based on a

NTE approach.

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ACEA proposal for Transfer Function

• If test in outer area (36% of RDE space) and fail, then retest

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Outside RDE boundaries

Initial assessment of ACEA proposal

• Against RDE principles which are based on a NTE limit approach,

not averaging out emissions

• Not technology neutral

• Skewed geographical distribution of emissions

• steep hills or areas of high acceleration = high emissions

• Does not guarantee the same environmental benefit

• areas above would have higher emissions than with RDE3

• Adds an extra level of complexity and not transparent

• Would effectively allow OEMs to apply an AES/DD in area B with no

need for formal declaration and review and with higher emissions

than the NTE limit

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Fuel Quality issue

• Heavy fuel with high aromatic content leads to high production of

particles

Fuel Quality issue

Initial Proposal for RDE3:

• Use lighter fuel with a

Pass/Fail Scheme to avoid

failing a vehicle only due to

heavy market fuel

REJECTED

• Discuss the issue in RDE4

• Collect more data,

including fuel analysis data

• New proposal?

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E150≧84%

i.e. light fuel E150<84%

Test with

Market Fuel

Fuel quality

analysis

(EN228)

Fail

Pass Pass

Fail

Retest with light

fuel (E150≧84%)

Reviews

• New, more representative method for testing hybrid

vehicles

• Review of uncertainty margins for both NOx and PN

• Review of ki factors

• Possible review of the cold start analysis

• Review of evaluation methods to develop a single one

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Hybrids

• Review necessary in order to introduce a more

complete/appropriate methodology that captures all

benefits of PHEVs

• Urban driving mostly in CD mode may not be reflected

adequately

• Declared Max RDE urban?

• Review ACEA proposal

• Need for more data

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Review of uncertainty margins

• Requirements based on Regulation

• Details not defined in the RDE

• Adequate evidence that equipment have improved

• Review of new uncertainties based on data

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Review of cold start

• Data gathering and analysis of cold start PEMS data is needed with

new preconditioning and other requirements

• What is the contribution of the first 5 min with both methodologies?

• Are there any obvious corrections in the evaluation tools needed?

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Review of Evaluation methods

• It should in particular review the two alternative methods for

evaluating PEMS emission data … with a view to developing a

single method.

• Scientific Study in 2017 on both methods, based on the data of the

monitoring phase, and the first data from TAs in 2017.

• Expected to be completed at the beginning of 2018 (tbc)

ACEA presented:

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RDE-LDV Meetings in 2017

17 and 18 January (kick-off)

1 and 2 February (ISC normal, evaluation methods, cold start)

9 and 10 March (hybrids, LCVs, special purpose, multistage, ISC

surveillance)

5 April (ISC surveillance, fuel)

4 May (evaluation methods, lessons learned)

31 May, 1 June (review of margins, all pending)

5,6 July (drafting review)

July- October (ISC, PC, discussions and vote in TCMV)

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Thank you for your attention