Update on Smart Grids- Utility Perspective

Presented by:

N. S. SodhaExecutive Director

Load Dispatch and CommunicationPower Grid Corporation of India Ltd.

Smart Grid Initiatives in Indian Power Sector

GridWeek 2011

POWERGRID A Leader in Transmission

Listed

Company with public holding

of 30.58% and balance by Government of India

Central

Transmission Utility

of the country since 1998

Carries more than 50% of

Country’s electric power & majority

of Inter-regional power

Profit making

Company since inception

Net Profit ` 2671 CrsTurnover ` 8611 Crs

(FY 2010-11)

Miniratna since 1998 and

conferred with Navratna status in May, 2008 GridWeek 2011

POWERGRID-Business Domain

Generation Linked schemes Grid Strengthening schemes

Inter-regional links Inter-national links

Development of Central Sector Transmission System

Grid Management*

Establishment of modern LDCReal-time Grid OperationOptimum scheduling & despatchEnergy accounting including settlements

* Grid Management is being looked after byPOSOCO, a fully owned subsidiary of POWERGRIDas per GOI Directive

TransmissionLoad Despatch &

CommunicationDistributionTelecom

Consultancy

- National & International

Telecom

Owns & Operate Fibre optic cable network

Licenses – National Long Distance Operator (NLDO), Internet Service Provider (ISP) and Infrastructure Provider (IP-I)

GridWeek 2011

INDIAN POWER SECTOR

Transmission Grid Comprises

• 765kV/400kV Lines - 1,10,974 ckt. Kms

• 220 kV Lines – 1,34,638 ckt. Kms

• ± 500 kV HVDC Lines – 8,924 ckt. Kms

Transformation capacity – 93635 MVA

Inter regional capacity – 22,400 MW*Data as on 31st july, 2011

Source : CEA

Total installedGeneration180358 MW

Thermal 117309 MW

Hydro 38106 MW

Renewable 20162.52MW

Nuclear4780 MW

Generation Mix

Growth of Installed Capacity from 1947 to 2011

1.3

180

0

50

100

150

200

250

Year

Ca

pa

city

in G

W

GridWeek 2011

GROWTH OF INDIAN POWER SYSTEM

36874

26783

15043

28600

14400

57000

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Central Sector State Sector Private Sector

XI Plan

XII Plan

Central Sector State Sector Private Sector Total

36874 MW (47%) 26783 MW (34%) 15043 MW (19%) 78700 MW (Rev. 62374)41297.19 MW (Achieved)

28600 MW (28%) 14400 MW(15%) 57000 MW (57%) 100000 MW

XI

XII

*Data as on 31st March, 2011 GridWeek 2011

Transmission Line : 50,000 ckm • 765kV – 17120 ckm

• 400kV – 22000 ckm

• 220kV/132kV – 1230 ckm

• HVDC - 9630 ckm

Substations : about 109,400 MVA (60 nos.)• 765kV – 88,000 MVA

• 400kV – 7560 MVA

• 220kV/132kV – 840 MVA

• HVDC - 13,000 MVA

Setting up of National Transmission Asset Monitoring Centre(NTAMC) by 2013

POWERGRID Capacity Addition till XII-Plan

GridWeek 2011

LD&C_SCADA

DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL GRID

7

NEW Grid

SouthGrid

South

West

North

East

Northeast

Five Regional GridsFive Frequencies

October 1991East and Northeast

synchronized

March 2003West synchronized

With East & Northeast

August 2006North synchronized

With Central Grid

Central Grid

Five Regional GridsTwo Frequencies

7

22400 28000

70000

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

Present By 2011-12 By 2016-17

Growth of inter regional capacity

GridWeek 2011

NR

WR

SR

ER

NER

Ennore

Kudankulam

Kayamkulam

Partabpur

Talcher/Ib Valley

Vindhyachal

Korba

MAJOR ENERGY RESOURCES IN INDIA

LEGEND

Coal

Hydro

Lignite

Coastal

Nuclear

Vizag

Simhadri

Kaiga

Tarapur

Mangalore

Krishnapatnam

RAPP

53,000MW

23,000MW

1,700MWSIKKIM

MY

AN

MM

AR

CHICKEN NECK

Cuddalore

SRI LANKACOLOMBO

NEPALBHUTAN

DESHBANGLA

South Madras

Pipavav

Generation Load-Centre

Kolkata

Bhubaneswar

Patna

Lucknow

Delhi

Mumbai

Chennai

Bangalore

Bhopal

Guwahati

Jammu

Ludhiana

Jaipur

Gandhinagar

Indore

Raipur

Thiruvananthapuram

Kozhikode

Hyderabad

* Hydro Potential : 1,10,000

> 25,000MW already installed

> 19,000MW under implementation

> 66,000MW still to be exploited

* 90% coal reserves in ER & WR

Current Energy Resource metrics

GridWeek 2011

R O U R K ELA

R A IP U RH IR M A

T A LC H E R

JA IP U R

N E R

E R

W R

N R

S R

B 'S H A R IF

A LL A H A B AD

S IP AT

G A Z U W A K A

JE Y P O R EC H A N D R A P U R

S IN G R A U LI

V IN D H Y A -

2000

MW

2000MW

2500MW

1 00 0M W

500M W

L U C K N O W

D IH AN G

C H IC K E N N E C K

TE E S TA

T IP A IM U K H

B A D A R P U R

M IS A

D A M W E

K A TH A L-G U R I

LE G E N D

765 K V LIN E S

400 K V LIN E S

H V D C B /B

H V D C B IP O LE

E XIS T IN G / X P LA N N A TIO N A L

ZE R D A

H IS S AR

B O N G A IG AO N

K O LH A P U R

N A R E N D R A

K A IG A

P O N D A

IX P LA N

M A R IA N I

N O R TH

K A H A L G A O N

R A N G A N AD I

S E O N IC H E G A O N

B H A N D A R A

D E H G A M

K A R A D

LO N IK A N D

V A P I

G A N D H A R /

TA LA

B A N G LA

B A LL A B G AR H A 'P U R(D E LH I R IN G )

B A N G A LO R E

K O ZH IKO D E

C O C H IN

K A Y A M K U LA M

T R IV A N D R U M

P U G A LU R

K A Y A T H A R

K A R A IK U D I

C U D D A L O R E

S O U TH C H EN N A I

K R IS H N A P A TN A M

C H ITTO O R

V IJA Y AW AD A

S IN G A R PE T

P IP A V AV

LIM B D I

K IS H E N PU R

D U L H A ST I

W AG O O R A

M O G A

U R I

B H U TA N

R A M A G U N D A M

S A T LU JR A V I

JU L LA N D H A R

D E S H

V A R A N A SI/U N N AO

M 'B A D

P U R N EA

K O R BA

N A G D A

S IL IG U R I/B IR P A R A

LAK

SH

AD

WE

EP

TE H R I

M E E R U T

B H IW A D I

B IN A

S A TN A

M A L A N P U RS H IR O H I

K A W A S

A M R A V ATI

A K O LA

A G R A

S IR S I

C H A L

JE TP U RA M R E LI

B O ISA RTA R A P U R

P A D G H E

D H A B O L

K O Y N A

B A R H

G 'P U R

H O S U RM Y S O R E

K U D A N K U LAM

M 'P U R

K A R A N P U R A

M AITH O N

JA M S H E D PU R

P A R LI

W A R D A

B E A R ILLY

S AL EM G R IDX I P LA N

765 KV RING MAIN SYSTEMTHE POWER ‘HIGHWAY’

CHEAP HYDRO POWER FROM THE NORTH-EAST AND PIT

HEAD THERMAL POWER FROM THE EAST ENTERS THE RING AND EXITS TO POWER

STARVED REGIONS

GridWeek 2011

Plant/Sub Station Level

Group of Distt. Level

State HQ Level

Region Level

National Level

RTU RTU RTU

SUB LDC SUB LDC SUB LDC

SLDC SLDC SLDC

ERLDC WRLDC NRLDC SRLDC NERLDC

20

15

1

25

NLDCNLDC

12-15 secs

RTU RTU

SKEWIn sec

30

Data Flow Latency in the present system

GridWeek 2011

Bulk Power transfer from Traditional Energy Pockets to Energy starved regions

Cluster of Generation

pockets

Cluster of Concentrated

Demand pockets

GridWeek 2011

RENEWABLE POWER- TARGET

Source Target for 2010-11

Total achievement during 2010-11

Cumulative achievement

up to 31.03.2011

Target 2012

Target

2017

A. GRID-INTERACTIVE POWER (CAPACITIES IN MW)

Wind power 2,000 2,350 14,157 16100 27300

Small Hydro (upto 25 MW)

300 307 3,043 3,400 5000

Bio Power * 472 473 2,737 3000 5100

Solar energy 200 27 38 200 4,000

Total 2,972 3,157 19,975 22,700 41,400

B. OFF-GRID/ CAPTIVE POWER (CAPACITIES IN MWEQ)

# 142 120 518 - -

Source : Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Data upto 31.03.2011

* Includes bio mass power, bagasse cogeneration, urban & Industrial waste to energy

# Includes waste to energy, Biomass(non-bagasse) Cogeneration, Biomass Gasifiers, Aero-Genrators/Hybrid systems, SPV Systems (>1kW) and Water mills/micro hydel

GridWeek 2011

Issues in Grid Integration of Renewable

• At system Level: Variability of Renewable Power

High Cost of Integration : Commercial Complexity

• At Generator’s interface to Grid: Overloading due to Reverse Energy Flow

Power Quality (Harmonics, Flicker, DC Injection)

Scheduling and Predictability

Unintentional Islanding

Rules and Standards are the need of hour for successful Integration of Renewable into Smart Grid

GridWeek 2011

Map showing the

solar radiation across India

India: 5th Largest Wind Power Producer

Total Renewable Energy Sources ~ 20 GW

Wind Installed Capacity ~ 13 GW

Estimated Wind Potential ~ 49 GW

GridWeek 2011

More dynamic Controls are required in view of more Energy exchanges across the regions

Cluster of Generation pockets will be spread

across regions in

the Country

As the Energy Source metrics change from the traditional to a mix of Renewable and Conventional, the Power flow is no more unidirectional.

GridWeek 2011

Proposed 11 nos. High Capacity Transmission Corridors for 55 IPP Projects

GridWeek 2011

IT

SMART GRID

The basic concept of Smart Grid is to add monitoring, analysis, control andcommunication capabilities to the National Electric Grid in order to improvereliability, maximize throughput, provide consumer participation, increaseenergy efficiency and allow diverse generation and storage options.

COMMUNICATION

ENERGY

SMART GRID

GridWeek 2011

SMART GRID Need For SMARTER GRID To Meet

Explosive growth of Power System

Haulage of power over long distances

IR Capacity to be utilized to the fullest

Open Access : Freedom and Choice

Functional Multiple Power Exchanges

Reliability : Adequacy and Security

Lack of tools for monitoring Dynamic behavior

Integration of Large Power Systems : Southern Grid

Integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES)

GridWeek 2011

Need For PMUs & WAMS Technology

Lack of tools for monitoring Dynamic behavior of grid

Existing tools are not adequate

Monitor & then “Estimate” the steady state

Heavy dependence on Dispatcher’s knowledge

Increasing Stress on Transmission Grids

Grid is Interconnected

Open Access

Inter-Regional Power Trading

GridWeek 2011

Tentative PMU

Locations

8 PMUs already installed

25 PMUs under Pilot

6 PMUs under Pilot

25 PMUs under Pilot 6 PMUs

under Pilot

National Plan to Scale up the PMUs to around 1000 nos. by 2015

PDCs at RLDC

8 PMUs already installed

25 PMUs under Pilot

6 PMUs under Pilot

8 PMUs already installed

25 PMUs under Pilot

25 PMUs under Pilot

6 PMUs under Pilot

8 PMUs already installed

25 PMUs under Pilot

GridWeek 2011

Smart Grid : Road Map

POWERGRID is making the Transmission Sector Smarter by introducing New Technologies & WAMS based PMUs POWERGRID has appointed a Panel of Experts to advise

upon WAMS Implementation in Indian Power System. POWERGRID is in the process of finalizing a “National Plan

for WAMS Implementation.”

Under National Plan, POWERGRID plans to cover all 400kV & above S/s with PMU based WAMS System.

The following Pilot Projects to be completed by 2012-13 Northern Region (8 PMUs) - already installed Western Region (25 PMUs) Eastern Region (25 PMUs) Southern Region (6 PMUs) North Eastern Region (6 PMU) GridWeek 2011

Putting up Integrated Pilots quickly with Short and Long Term Goals on Product and Process Fronts.

Distributed and Renewable Generation integration

Pilots on Solar and Wind Energy with storage options

Security issues need involvement of CERT-In

Pilots for selected towns on AT&C loss reduction, automation and DMS/OMS etc.

Adoption of IEEE Standards on Smart Grid by BIS and signing of MoU

Smart Grid Knowledge Centre

ISGTF: Road Map

GridWeek 2011

Smart Grid Implementation : Why Pilots?

Full Scale Implementation of developing Technology poses many Technical and Implementation challenges. Technology absorption will be effective through small

scale Pilot projects, as it would be easy to measure the system performance after implementing the technology and change utility processes. Pilot projects help in Capacity Building for full scale

implementation. Utilities’ Techno Commercial competency need to be

factored in for selection of Pilots site and size. The pilots need to be Geographically widespread With Full functionality & scalability.

GridWeek 2011

Smart Grid Implementation : Vendor readiness

The Solution Providers need to gear up for: One Lead Bidder Synergize with others for diverse skills Readiness to fund the Cost of Technology part. Solution flexibility for adjusting utility process changes.

GridWeek 2011

Working Group 14:Establishing A Common Language For

Enterprise Application IntegrationIn the IEC 61968 Series of Standards

SMART GRID: A Revolution in Indian Power Grid

Smart Meter

Utility ControlCenter

Utility ControlCenter

NetworkExpansionPlanning

NetworkExpansionPlanning

CustomerInquiry

CustomerInquiry

NetworkOperationNetwork

Operation

Records& Asset

Management

Records& Asset

Management

OperationalPlanning &

Optimization

OperationalPlanning &

Optimization

SMARTGRID

Real time &off line coordination with constituents

Distribution AutomationDistribution Automation

Substation Protection,Monitoring and ControlSubstation Protection,Monitoring and Control

RTU CommunicationsSmart Communications

Distribution level

System Operation level

Gene/Trans level

GridWeek 2011

Smart Grid in Distribution

Distribution grid management Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) : Smart Meters Consumer participation initiatives Dynamic Pricing

Distribution Automation Demand Response :

Optimizing the balance of power supply and demand Consumer Energy efficiency :

To cut energy use during peak demand times or when power reliability is at risk

Smart Grid Pilots have been proposed for implementation in the Distribution Sector by Working Group-1 of ISGTF

GridWeek 2011

Smart Grid Pilot Projects in Distribution

• Following Functionalities have been identified for implementing through Pilots for scalability and benefits from its wide scale rollouts.

S.No. Functionality Objective

1 Residential AMI Demand Response, Reduced AT&C

2 Industrial AMI Demand Side Management, Reduced AT&C

3 Outage Management Improving availability and reliability, Proactive maintenance

4 Peak Load Management Optimal resource utilization, Distribution capacity enhancement, Load curtailment

5 Power Quality Management

Voltage Control, Reduced losses and failures, Decrease in reactive power and harmonics

6 Micro Grid Improved Power Access in rural areas, Renewable Integration, Reduced carbon emissions

7 Distributed Generation Improved Power Access in rural areas, Sustainable Growth, New technology implementation

GridWeek 2011

Smart Grid Distribution Pilots

• Draft RfP for pilots prepared by POWERGRID in consultation with USAID and members from CEA,CPRI, CSTEP

• POWERGRID shall play active role in implementation of Smart Grid Distribution Pilots

GridWeek 2011

India Smart Grid Task Force-Initiative taken by MoP

• ISGTF is an inter ministerial group under Chairmanship of Shri Sam Pitroda and serves as Government’s focal point for activities related to Smart Grid. Secretariat of “India Smart Grid Task Force (ISGTF)” is being operated by POWERGRID from 01.03.2011

• Five working Groups have been constituted to take up various tasks related to SMART GRID and POWERGRID is member of two working groups

• WG 1 - Methodology for selecting Pilots to be taken up under the Smart Grids.

• - Chair and Co-Chair-CPRI and POWERGRID• WG 2 - Loss reduction & theft control including data gathering and

analytics, Energy accounting.• - Chair and Co-Chair - PFC and NTPC.• WG 3 - Access of power to Rural areas & reliability and quality of power

to urban areas• - Chair and Co-Chair - REC and CEA.• WG 4 - Distributed Generation & Renewable.• - Chair and Co-Chair - CEA and MNRE.• WG 5 - Physical Cyber Security, Standards and Spectrum.• - Chair and Co-Chair - CEA, BIS and MCIT , POWERGRID GridWeek 2011

Experience & Benefits : Northern Region PMU Pilot Project – Phase I

• Availability of data of every 40ms

• Frequency oscillations for 1sec are observed after loss of one generation side

• Increased visibility of Power System

• Data archiving for post mortem analysis

• Oscillation Monitoring & Bad Data Detection

Snapshots of PMU Data GridWeek 2011

Phase –II : Development of Analytical Functions

Development of following Analytical Functions is envisaged:

• CT/CVT Calibration

• Network Model Validation

• State Monitor/Estimation

• System Integrated Protection Schemes (SIPS)

• Emergency Control Schemes

• Fault Location Calculation tool

• Analysis and Control of Sustained Oscillations

• Voltage Instability Analysis

Capacity Building is also taken up to match NEW Technology

GridWeek 2011

Challenges Ahead……

• We are moving from a regime of 10-12 secondslatency to that of milliseconds with Smart Grid.

• In future more and more integration ofRenewable Energy with Conventional Energytakes place across the Nation, which willemphasize the need of dynamic control andvisibility of the Power System.

• All stakeholders to synergize for overall growth& development in Indian Power Sector

• Capacity Building is a Major Challenge.

GridWeek 2011

Cyber Security in Power Sector

Power System Operation and Control initially aimed at enhancing reliability of the System and were operated in standalone.

The advent of Information & Communication Technology (ICT) based controls have increased operational flexibility manifold.

Due to Regulatory Requirements and commercial reasons, these systems are being integrated with corporate network &/or internet.

Cyber space in Indian Power Sector is set to increase. : SCADA and ICT systems controlling Power system. Office IT systems Communication systems.

Steps are being taken to

Identify entities and processes

Create robust cyber security eco system.

The standard IT industry solution needs analysis on need, applicability and sustainability parameters.

Need for sustained dialogue among all stakeholders to meet the objectives optimally.

GridWeek 2011

N.S.SodhaExecutive Director (LD&C)

sodha@powergridindia.comMob No.09717890988

ONE NATION - ONE GRIDPOWERGRID

GridWeek 2011