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Upgrading to SQL Server 2000
Kashef Mughal
Multiple Versions
SQL Server 2000 supports multiple versions of SQL Server on the same machine
It does that by either of the following methods
Version Switching– Lets you switch between 6.5 and 7 or between
6.5 and 2000 (not between 7 and 2000)
Named Instances– Lets you run either 6.5 and 7 as default
instance and 2000 as Named Instance
Before the upgrade
Anytime you do an upgrade, it helps to plan ahead before any problems arise
Make sure that the machine meets the hardware and software requirements
Backup the database to tape or another machine just incase the server dies on you during the upgrade process
Plan for enough downtime if you are upgrading the software and databases
Review the task list on Page 112
SQL Server 6.5 upgrade
You have only one way to upgrade - use the SQL Server Upgrade Wizard
The Upgrade Wizard will upgrade any or all of databases
You must have a default instance of SQL Server 2000 installed on your computer for the upgrade to work.
SQL Server Upgrade Wizard will not remove SQL Server 6.5 from the machine. In other words, you will have SQL 6.5 and 2000 and will have to uninstall 6.5 manually
SQL Server Upgrade Wizard
Prompts for:– Upgrade options– Logon options– Code page selection– Databases to upgrade– Database creation options– Configuration settings
SQL Server 6.5 upgrade
Methods– Local Drive (faster)– Tape backup
Upgrade requirements– Hard disk space (1.5 times size of db’s)– Windows NT with service pack 5– SQL Server 6.5 with service pack 5– Internet Explorer 5.0– Named Pipes (default \\.\pipe\sql\query)
SQL Server 7.0 upgrades
Upgrade and overwrite (Version Upgrade)– During default installation only– Converts all data to SQL Server 2000– SQL Server 7 must be offline
Upgrade data(Copy database wizard)– SQL Server 7 remains intact– Default (SQL Server 7) and named
instance (SQL Server 2000)– Uses DTS to migrate data– SQL Server 7 is online
SQL Server 7.0 upgrade
Methods– Version Upgrade– Online Database Upgrade
Upgrade requirements– Windows NT with service pack 5– No SQL sp’s– No additional hard drive space– Named Pipes (default \\.\pipe\sql\query)
Class Assignment #1
Uninstall SQL Server 2000 on your machine In order to save time, work with someone
else on the next steps Install SQL Server 7 on 1st computer (default
settings) - Key is all 1111111’s Do a version upgrade as shown in Lesson 2
on Page 114. While the machine is upgrading, install SQL
Server 7 on 2nd computer After the upgrade, review installation Take a break
Installation logs
Check these logs for errors and important messages
Sqlstp.log SQL Server Error log SQL Server Agent Error log Windows Application log
Common upgrade errors
Communication errors– Invalid Named Pipe– Invalid password– Invalid service account
Windows 98/Windows Me– Upgrade wizard not installed
Illegal objects– Illegal objects are not transferred
Insufficient resources
Class Assignment #2
In this one we will do an Online Database upgrade
Delete Northwind database from the computer you upgraded (SQL 2000)
Follow the instructions in Lesson #3 to upgrade Northwind database on 2nd computer (SQL 7)
After the upgrade, review installation results and compare them to the other upgrade
Finally uninstall and reinstall SQL Server 2000 with our original settings
Transact-SQL (T-SQL)
SQL (pronounced sequel or SQL) is the universal language for database. For SQL Server the dialect is T-SQL
TSQL has two types– Data Definition Language (DDL) – used
to create and modify databases e.g. CREATE DATABASE
– Data Manipulation Language (DML) – used to enter, modify, and extract data e.g. SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS
SELECT statement
Simple syntax
SELECT results
FROM table_or_view
[WHERE search_conditions]
SELECT — columns to be retrieved FROM — data source (table, view, or
UDF) WHERE — qualifying conditions
SELECT statement
General syntax:SELECT [ALL|DISTINCT] select_list
[INTO[[database.]owner.]table_name]
FROM[[[database.]owner.]table_name|view_name|UDF]
[WHERE search_conditions]
[GROUP BY aggregate_free_expression]
[HAVING search_conditions]
[ORDER BY table_or_view_and_column]
[COMPUTE row_aggregate(column_name)]
[BY column_name]]
[FOR for_options]
[OPTION (query_hint)]
Simple SELECT statement
SELECT statement
Use Northwind
SELECT * FROM Customers
or
Pick Northwind from drop down
SELECT * FROM Customers
DISTINCT keyword
Using DISTINCT Specifies that only unique rows can
appear in the result set For Example SELECT DISTINCT city
FROM customers
WHERE clause
Specifies a search condition to restrict the rows returned
Basic Syntax is [WHERE <search_condition> = Value]
e.g. SELECT * FROM ORDERS WHERE CUSTOMERID=‘HILAA’
You can specify a number of conditions here using one or more operators
Comparison operators
Less than or equal to<=
Greater than or equal to>=
Not less than!<
Less than<
Not greater than!>
Greater than>
Not equal to!=
Not equal to<>
Equal to=
DescriptionOperator
More T-SQL operators
Arithmetic operators+ - / * %
Logical operatorsAND OR NOT
Concatenation operator +
IN - if a value matches items in a list Is Null - check if value is missing =Null
will not work
Wildcards - used for pattern
All phone numbers with an area code that ends in 12 and starts with a value other than 2
Phone like ‘[^2]12%’
Only the last names Bone or Cone Lname like ‘[BC]one’
First names ending in an like Jan, Nan, or Tan Fname like ‘_an’
All phone numbers in area code 212 Phone link ‘212%’
Any character except the one specified [^]
One character specified between [][]
A single character_
A string of any number of characters%
DescriptionWildcard
Aggregate functions
Operate on a collection of values but return a single, summarizing value
Calculate summary values– AVG(expr) – COUNT(expr) – MAX (expr) – MIN(expr) – SUM(expr)
expr is an expression, typically a field
ORDER BY
Specifies the sort order used on columns returned
ORDER BY syntax:
[ORDER BY [table.|view.]column |
select_list_no | expression [ASC|DESC]]
ORDER BY example:
select customername, city, region
from customers where country =
'USA’order by city, region
GROUP BY clause
Specifies the groups into which output rows are to be placed
GROUP BY syntax:
[GROUP BY [ALL] aggregate_free_expression
[, aggregate_free_expression...]]
[HAVING search_conditions] GROUP BY example:
SELECT region, COUNT customername)
FROM us_cust
GROUP BY region
GROUP BY example
ORDER BY HAVING example: Try this SELECT ProductID, SUM(Quantity)
FROM [ORDER DETAILS]
GROUP BY ProductID
HAVING SUM(Quantity) >1000
Class Assignment #3
Try the T-SQL provided on the handout
Next week - Chapters 5 and 6 All Done! Stay Warm ;-)