UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA-2

ByDr. C.L. Khanna

Revised & Enlarged Edition

© Publishers

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UPKAR PRAKASHAN(An ISO 9001 : 2000 Company)

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ISBN : 978-81-7482-408-0

Price : 150/-(Rs. One Hundred Fifty Only)

Code No. 939

Printed at : UPKAR PRAKASHAN (Printing Unit) Bye-pass, AGRA

CONTENTS

1. Uttar Pradesh : At a Glance…………………………………………………………… 3–72. Uttar Pradesh : An Introduction……………………………………………………… 8–93. History of Uttar Pradesh …………………………………………………………… 10–144. Role of Uttar Pradesh in Independence Movement………………………………… 15–185. Geological Structure and Physical Divisions of Uttar Pradesh…………………….. 19–206. Rivers and Lakes of Uttar Pradesh…………………………………………………. 21–247. Climate of Uttar Pradesh…………………………………………………………… 25–278. Soils of Uttar Pradesh………………………………………………………………. 28–299. Forests, Animals and Birds of Uttar Pradesh ………………………………………. 30–33

10. Mineral Wealth of Uttar Pradesh…………………………………………………… 34–3511. Natural Regions of Uttar Pradesh………………………………………………….. 36–3712. Population and Area in Uttar Pradesh……………………………………………… 38–4113. Education in Uttar Pradesh………………………………………………………… 42–5014. Agriculture in Uttar Pradesh……………………………………………………….. 51–5315. Industries in Uttar Pradesh………………………………………………………… 54–5816. Irrigation and Multipurpose Projects in Uttar Pradesh…………………………….. 59–6417. Transport and Communication in Uttar Pradesh…………………………………… 65–6718. Co-operative in Uttar Pradesh……………………………………………………… 68–6919. Labour and Employment in Uttar Pradesh…………………………………………. 70–7120. News Papers and Magazines of Uttar Pradesh…………………………………….. 72–7421. Famous Towns, Religious Centres and Tourist Places of Uttar Pradesh……...…… 75–8022. Fairs, Festivals and Folk Songs of Uttar Pradesh………………………………….. 81–8223. Scheduled Tribes of Uttar Pradesh………………………………………………… 83–8724. Museums of Uttar Pradesh…………………………………………………………. 88–8825. Administration of Uttar Pradesh…………………………………………………… 89–9226. Local Self-Government in Uttar Pradesh…………………………………………… 93–9427. Information and Public Relation in Uttar Pradesh…………………………………. 95–9528. Social Welfare…………………………………………………………………… 96–10029. Rural Development in Uttar Pradesh……………………………………………. 101–10430. Panchayati Raj…………………………………………………………………… 105–10731. Regional Development………………………………….……………………….. 108–10932. Land Reform…………………………………………………………………….. 110–11233. Uttar Pradesh Towards Progress………………………..……………………….. 113–12034. Uttar Pradesh : Export Policy and Achievement………………………………... 121–12735. Uttar Pradesh : Present Day……………………………………………………… 128–13036. Division, District, Tehsil and Development Blocks of Uttar Pradesh………….. 131–148

● Objective Questions and Answers……………………………………………... 149–176

Uttar PradeshGeneral Knowledge

1 Uttar Pradesh : At a Glance

Location—Latitude 24°-31° N and longitude77°-84° E.

Creation of state—It was created on 1stApril, 1937 as United Province which wasrenamed to as Uttar Pradesh in 1950.

Area—2,40,928 sq. km. (7.3% of thecountry's geographic area)

Population—As per Census 2011, the totalpopulation of Uttar Pradesh is 199,581,477. UttarPradesh holds 1st position in population wise andbecome the most populous state of India.

Only four countries namely China, USA,Indonesia and Brazil have a population higherthan that of Uttar Pradesh

Capital—Lucknow

Neighbouring states/ country—UttarPradesh is bounded by Uttarakhand and Nepal inNorth, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh in South,Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi in West and Biharand Jharkhand in East.

Principal Languages—Hindi and Urdu

Districts—75

Division—18

Tehsils—303Blocks—822Villages—109629Cities—631

Nagar Nigams—11

Members of Vidhan Sabha—404

Members of Vidhan Parishad—100

Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh—80

Rajya Sabha members from UttarPradesh—31

State Animal of Uttar Pradesh—SwampDeer

State Bird of Uttar Pradesh—Sarus Crane

State Flower of Uttar Pradesh—Palash(Butea monosperma)

State Language of Uttar Pradesh—Hindi

State Tree of Uttar Pradesh—Ashok Tree

Agriculture —Staple crops Rabi and Kharif,pulses, sugarcane, vegetables, mango and guava.

Principal Crops—Paddy, Wheat, Barley,Millet, Maize, Urad (Black Gram), Moong (GreenGram), Arhar etc.

Principal Minerals—Lime-Stone, Dolomite,Soap Stone, Gypsum, Bauxite, Glass-sand,manganese, Non-plastic fire clay etc.

Principal Handicrafts—Chikan-work, Emb-roidery, wood work, wooden toys and furniture,Clay-toys, carpet weaving, Silk & Brassware work.

Main Industries—Cement, vegetable oils,textiles, cotton yarn, sugar, jute, Lock & Scissors,Carpet, Brassware, Glassware & Bangles

Main Folklores—Kajari, Chaiti, Alha, PuranBhagat, Dhola Bhartrihari, Birha, Rasiya

Main Folk Dances—Pandav, Karma, Char-kula, Paidanda, Tharu, Dhobiya, Rai and Shera

Tourist and Historical Places—Varanasi,Vindhyachal, Ayodhya, Chitrakoot, Prayag,Naimisharanya, Mathura, Vrindavan, DewaSharief, Dargah of Sheikh Saleem Chisti inFatehpur Sikri, Sarnath, Shravasti, Kushinagar,Sankisa, Kampil, Piprahwa and Kaushambi, Agra,Ayodhya, Sarnath, Varanasi, Lucknow, Jhansi,Gorakhpur, Jaunpur, Kannauj, Mahoba, Devgarh,Bithur, and Vindhyachal.

Main Rivers—Ganga, Yamuna, Gomti,Ramganga and Ghaghara

Physical Features—Uttar Pradesh can bedivided into three distinct hypsographicalregions—

● The sub-Himalayan Terai region in the North-Highly fertile soil, thick forests with rich floraand fauna.

● The Gangetic Plain in the centre—Highlyfertile alluvial soils; flat topography brokenby numerous ponds, lakes and rivers; slope2 m/km.

4 | U.G.K.

● The Vindhya Hills and plateau in thesouth—Hard rock Strata; varied topographyof hills, plains, valleys and plateau; limitedwater availability.

Agro-climatic zones-9 agro-climatic zones,namely, Bhabhar & Tarai, Western Plain, Central-Western Plain, South-Western Plain, Central Plain,Bundelkhand, North-Eastern Plain, Eastern Plain,and Vindhyan region.

Economic regions—Western, Eastern,Central and Bundelkhand.

Cultivated area—166.83 lakh ha

Major crops—Rice, wheat, maize, sugarcane,chickpea and pigeonpea.

Major vegetables—Potato, Peas & CabbageMajor fruit grown—Mango, Guava, Banana,

and Litchi

Important spices produced in the State—Onion (6th among States) Turmeric, Chili, Garlic,Fennel, Fenugreek and Coriander

Gross cropped area—255.24 lakh ha.Land Holdings—Cultivable area—24170403 hectare (82.1% of

total geographical area)

U.G.K. | 5

Net area sown—16573478 hectare (68.5% ofcultivable area).

Gross cropped area—25.415 million hectareArea sown more than once—8.841 million

hectare

Cropping intensity of—53.54 %.

Net irrigated area—13.313 million hectare(By canals—25.18 %, by tubewells—66.94% andby others—7.88%).

Gross irrigated area—19.218 million hectare

Percentage of net irrigated sown area—80.3%.

Total number of land holdings—224.57 lakhs

Marginal farmers—175.07 lakh (78.0%)

Small farmers—31.03 lakh (13.8%)

Farmers hold land above 2 hectare—18.47lakh (8.22%).

Canals and projects—Upper Ganga Canal,Middle Ganga Canal, Lower Ganga Canal, EasternYamuna Canal, Agra Canal, Sarda Canal,Ramganga Canal, Betwa Canal, Ken Canal,Matatila Canals, Rihand Project Canal, DhasanCanal, Tanda, Dalmau, Bhopauli, Doharighat,Belan pump canals, Tumaria, Khoh, Baur,Rampura, Lalitpur dams and Kotari project.

Soil Types of Uttar Pradesh and theirArea

Soil Types Area (ha) Districts Covered

Bhabar soils 510510 Saharanpur, BijnourTarai soils 1686740 Pilibit, Bareilly, Rampur,

Bahraich, Sarawasti, Bal-rampur, Siddharth Nagar,Kushinagar, Maharaj-ganj, Deoria

Alluvial soils 18185300 Central, eastern, western,south western part of thestate

Vindhyansoils

1501290 Mirzapur, Varanasi,Allahabad, Sonbhadra

Bundelkhandsoils

3192440 Jhansi, Jalaun, Hamirpur,Banda, Lalitpur, Mahoba,Chitrakoot

Aravali soils 63290 South western area ofAgra

Recorded Forest area (2011)—16,583 sq km(6.88 % of total geographical area).

Reserved forests—70.31%Protected forest—8.56%Unclassed forests—21.12%Forest cover (2009)—14,341 sq km.Vegetation—Wet tropical deciduous forestsDry tropical deciduous forests andTropical thorny forests.

Mineral Resources of Uttar Pradesh

Mineral Locality DistrictReserves (In lakh

tonnes As onmar. 31st -06)

Uses

Bauxite Rajauan Chitrakoot 94.22 Alluminium, Refractory IndustryChina Clay Naudiha, Ramgarh, Garda Sonbhadra 165.0 Ceramics, Refractory IndustryCoal Kakri, Bina, Dhughichua,

KhariaSonbhadra 7220.00

(source–IBM)Thermal Power, Cement,Caramics Industies etc.

Diaspore Garhmau, Mailar,Gaurari, Tori

Jhansi, Mahoba,Lalitpur

0.50 Refractory

Pyrophyllite Garhmau, Mailar,Gaurari, Tori

Jhansi, Mahoba,Lalitpur

12.17 Refractory, Ceramics, Talc,Insecticide etc.

Feldspar Khajraha—Buzurg Jhansi 1.00 Ceramics IndustrySilica Sand Shankargarh, Bargarh,

LalapurAllahabad,Chitrakoot

150.00 Glass & Foundry Industry

Granite Kalapahar, Khailar,Kewal, Bijoli

Jhansi, Mahoba,Lalitpur, Banda,Sonbhadra

484919000M3(source–IBM)

Polished slab & tiles

Dolomite Bari Sonbhadra 200.00 Iron & Steel IndustryLimestone Bhalua, Kajrahat, Billi,

GhurmaSonbhadra 4000.00 Cement & Steel Industry

RockPhosphate

Pisnari & Tori Lalitpur 60.00 Fertilizer & ElementalPhosphorus Industry

Sillimanite Chhipiya Sonbhadra 32.00 Refractory Industry

6 | U.G.K.

InfrastructureEducational infrastructure (Approved)—

2011-12Universities 30Colleges 3,553Medical colleges 32Polytechnics 425Primary schools 155619Upper primary schools 57,822Health infrastructure—Medical Colleges 32District Hospitals 72Primary Health Centres 3,693Community Health Centres 737Ayurvedic Hospitals 1,774Unani Hospitals 210Power ( As of September 2013)Total installed power generation capacity—

14,079 MW, comprising 5,472 MW of state share,4,958 MW of central share and 3,649 MW ofprivate share.

Installed power generation capacity—14,079 MW (2012-13).

Renewable Energy Potential —3,641 MWOf the total installed capacity in the state,

the contributions from various sources are—Thermal power— 79.1 per centHydro power— 13.3 per centRenewable energy sources— 5.1 per centNuclear power— 2.5 per centRoad type Road length (km)

as of June 2012National Highways 7,818State Highways 7,941Other District Roads 169,153Rural Roads 86,827Total road length 390,256Railways—

● The railway network in Uttar Pradesh is thelargest in the country.

● The state is well-connected to other parts ofthe country by a railway network spanningover 8,763 km.

● The major sectors and industries serviced bythe railways include agriculture, cement,fertilisers, coal and manufacturing.

● Various parts of the state are catered to byfive of the 17 railway zones in India. Theseare Northern Railways, North EasternRailways, East Central Railways, NorthCentral Railways and West Central Railways.

● Lucknow is the main junction for theNorthern and North Eastern Railways.

● Intra-state rail network is well-developed,connecting the towns and the districtheadquarters of Uttar Pradesh.

● The Delhi Metro Rail links Noida andGhaziabad with Delhi.Airports—

● The state has six domestic airports, located atAgra, Allahabad, Gorakhpur, Kanpur,Lucknow and Varanasi.

● International flights operate from ChaudharyCharan Singh International Airport, Lucknow,and Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport, Varanasi.

● Lucknow airport received 1,134,635passengers and Varanasi airport received345,018 passengers during April 2013-September 2013.

● New airports have been proposed at Shrawastiand Kushinagar districts.

● The Government of Uttar Pradesh is planningto develop an international airport betweenAgra and Mathura.

DemographyDescription 2011

Actual Population 199,581,477Male 104,480,510Female 95,331,831Population Growth 20.23%Percentage of total Population 16.50%Sex Ratio 912Child Sex Ratio 902Density/km2 829Total Child Population (0–6 Age) 30,791,331Male Population (0–6 Age) 16,185,581Female Population (0–6 Age) 14,605,750Literacy 67.68 %Male Literacy 77.28 %Female Literacy 51.36 %Total Literate 114,397,555Male Literate 68,234,964Female Literate 46,162,591

Uttar Pradesh General Knowledge

Publisher : Upkar Prakashan ISBN : 9788174824080 Author : Dr. C. L. Khanna

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