Urban and Regional Development Policy Country Report: Islamic Republic of IRAN By: Mahmoud Babaei Lashkajani August 17 ~ September 1, 2006 Korea

Urban and Regional Development Policy

Country Report:Islamic Republic of

IRANBy: Mahmoud Babaei Lashkajani

August 17 ~ September 1, 2006

Korea

Country Report: Islamic Republic of IRAN

• Ministry of housing & urban development

• Our responsibility is making policy concerning urban & regional development.

• Prepare different levels of plan like national, regional, local planning (master and detail plan).

IN THE NAME OF GOD

REPRESENTED ORGANIZATION

Organization Chart of ministry of housing and urban development

Vice minister of housing and urban

development

Vice minister on housing and building

Vice minister of

programming and parliament

Related administrations

Land and housing national admin.

Public work admin.

New town dev. Corp.

Regularizing Informal Settlements corp .

Housing and building research center

Architectural & urban dev. Research center

Office of internal affair

Selecting for hiring

office

Protection office

Parliament and law affairs

Office and new Ideas

Statistic and budget office

Professional organization office

Building code office

Economical housing & programming

office Regional planning office

Architectural and urban designing

Secretary of housing and

urban development

Provinces units

High Council Urban Development And Architecture of IRAN

Housing Foundation

Complain office

Minister

Vice minister of

development & resources

Personal affair office

Budgetary and management organization

Minister’s Office


Area: 1,648,000 sq km Population: 75,000,000 North: Caspian Sea South: Persian Gulf East: Afghanistan and Pakistan West: Iraq


• Exploration of oil in Iran

• Joining the global market

• Land reform in 1963

OVERVIWE OF THE EXPERIENCE OF IRAN’S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT


1. Land became a commodity and was available in market for buying & selling.

2. Labor force migrated to large cities for working in assembly line in factories result was formation of slum in Large cities like Tehran.

3. Economic crises due the falling of Pahlavi regime and second wave of rural migration to all cities and its vicinities occurred.

4. Price of oil decline and government gave permission to municipality to sell density.

OVERVIWE OF THE EXPERIENCE OF IRAN’S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT



• Minister of housing and urban development

• Home minister

• Minister of industry

• Minister of culture & higher education

• Minister of Islamic guide

• Minister of power (water, Electricity)

• Minister of Agriculture

• Minister of Defense

• Minister of Budgets

• Head administrator of environment

• Minister of road & transportation

• Also a member from parliament

HIGH COUNCIL OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT & ARCHITECTURE IN IRAN


• This plan includes one or a few provinces in Iran, and consist of 10 regions and deals with land suitability, hazard area, protected area, new town, Major roads, railways, airports, etc …

• Problem is neglecting economic matter

This plan is valid only for 25 years, and maps would be prepared in 1:250,000.

REGIONAL MASTER PLAN


REGIONAL MASTER PLAN


• Speculation in this Region especially from local governmental organization, and people

• Central government decided to prepare the coastal plan for freeing the shore and opening that to public spaces in line of sustainable development.

COASTAL PLAN


• Sub-region is consisting of the whole or a part of one or a few counties with the same national and geographical characteristics

• clarifying positions and role of a sub-region in a region

• considered the bases for city development

• Zoning land use and determining construction regulations.

• considering the maps of capabilities, existing land use, limitations, sensitive and damageable areas

• Environmental protected areas

• determine location of new towns

• IRAN is divided in to 90 sub-regional area

• This plan is valid only for 20 years, and maps would be prepared in 1:25,000 or 1:50,000.

SUB-REGIONAL


• Investment is not distributed between small and large cities properly.

• Plan is not match with economical, social and cultural needs.

PROBLEMS EXISTED IN REGIONAL & SUB-REGIONAL PLAN



• Metropolitan is consisting of a large city (more than one million) and surrounding some small cities.

• These plans present a metropolitan boundaries and programs in it.

• This kind of plan considered the bases for city development, master plan, and for rural areas.

• Zoning land use and regulations

• Determine location of new cities

• This plan is valid only for 20 years, and maps would be prepared in 1:25,000.

METROPOLITAN MASTER PLANS


METROPOLITAN MASTER PLANS

Isfahan

Tehran

Tabriz

Mashhad

Shiraz

METROPOLITAN


METROPOLITAN OF TEHRAN

City Area 707 sq km Province Population 15.000.000 in year 2020 City population 9.000.000



• Tehran became capital 200 years ago

• population - migration - revolution



Tehran was, surrounded by agricultural land and large gardens

Gardens have been turned in to houses and then in to high-rise apartment buildings


• Essential environmental factors - guide land use

• The most important documents in this plan are showing boundaries

• change in master plan


CITY MASTER PLAN


When village changes to city and do not have master plan yet

GUIDE PLAN

CITY VICINITY (PROTECTED AREA)

The area that is out of city boundary and being protected by municipality

CITY BOUNDARY

The boundary that is defines on the basis on country definition and regulation law.


CITY VICINITY

CITY BOUNDRY


• Clarify urban land use in different sector

• Solving all the problem and needs of municipality and local government.


CITY DETAILED PLAN


• New towns began about 80 years ago

• Prevention of the irregular land price rises

• Environmental pollution

• Reduction of the traveling expenses

• Cheap price of land

ESTABLISHMENT OF NEW TOWNS


NUMBER OF TOWNS IN IRAN


• Studying and making policies for urban furniture and the cities in details

• Proposing monuments and special buildings for large cities as a landmark

• Researching for entry part of a city for small and medium size

• Designed would be prepared in 1:500

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND URBAN DETAILS


ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND URBAN DETAILS


• Land is the only sustainable value of a city and it should play its role in planning properly. Private land and housing ownership is very important in Iran, as population grows investing on land and housing becomes very good investment.

Governments always try making policy either on land or on housing for keeping these two merchant in balance. Oldest policy was made

in 1962. Also in 1979 policy was made for lands inside of the city vicinity, with this policy, land was placed in three categories:

1. Those lands never had any history of agricultural development. Government would own all these lands.

2. Those lands previously had agricultural developed but gradually became undeveloped.

3. Those lands previously developed by people and still have the same land use.

POLICIES ON LAND & HOUSING SUPPLY


Giving land to individuals for building houses after revolution caused:

• Giving new houses to young families

• Balancing price of the land

• Land was not being used properly

• Land owner was not responsible for building it on time

POLICIES ON LAND & HOUSING SUPPLY


• Contradiction between laws & regulations

• Neglecting economic base of spatial organization in plan

• Severe control of central government on local affair

• It takes too long for preparing plans & approving it in many different committees.

• Poor public transportation in metropolitan, growth of auto industry faster than road expansion.

• High price of land inside of city boundary, and low income migrant from villages and settling in city vicinity

• Peoples opinion for sharing development was not count

PROBLEM EXISTED IN DEVELOPING URBAN AREA


• Providing housing for socially and economically disadvantages by giving them loan in long term.

• Public housing for low-income people based on rent to own.

• Receiving money from international banks and UNESCO for rebuilding rural area in large cities,

• Accepting investors idea for developing urban area

• Respecting developers opinions

• Decentralization of the government on local urban affair

• Reducing time for preparing plans and approving it by committees

• All plans should be prepared based on economic budget abilities

SOULTION


Special Thanks to

KOICA for making this happened

Documents

Urban and Regional Development Policy Country Report: Islamic Republic of IRAN By: Mahmoud Babaei Lashkajani August 17 ~ September 1, 2006 Korea