Urban Development Department Government of …...experiences extreme seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.The rainy period of the year lasts for 10 months, from February 1 to December

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1

Urban Development Department

Government of Tripura


Dharmanagar

Prepared By:

Vishwakarma 86C, Topsia Road (South)

Kolkata, West Bengal


2

1.0 Introduction

Dharmanagar is a District town and a Municipal Council in the North East of India and the North Tripura District of the State of Tripura, India. Most of the known history of Dharmanagar is derived

from the ancient Rajmala scripts, which is ancient Royal chronicles of the Kings of Tripura, written in

the 14th century. The origin of the name ‘Dharmanagar’ cannot be traced back in time. The Rajmala

refers to at least four unknown ancient kings whose names include the word ‘Dharma’. Dharmanagar is a city with extreme natural beauty.

The city is located in the western hemisphere of the State of Tripura.

At present Dharmanagar is bound by Maulvi Bazar of Sylhet, Bangladesh in the North, Karimganj

District of Assam in the East, Mizoram state in the South and Kailashahar of Unakoti District in the

West. The North Tripura District is famous for several tourist attractions such as Rowa Wild-Life

Santuary, Jampui H ills etc. The Jampui Hills are famous for natural beauty, climate and orange garden. The iconic Kalibari is located in the heart of the city of Dharmanagar. Dharmanagar is blessed

with a peaceful climate most of the year. The nearest airport to Dharmanagar is in Silchar and further

afield Agartala. There are also helicopter services, daily bus services and train services, which connects the city to the capital of the state. At present Dharmanagar is the head quarter of the North

Tripura Judicial District. The Court of District & Sessions Judge, North Tripura at Dharmanagar was

inaugurated on 20.09.2014 by Hon’ble Mr. Justice Deepak Gupta, the Chief Justice of the Hon’ble High Court of Tripura. Besides, there are Judicial Courts at Kanchanpur Sub-Division under North

Tripura Judicial District.

Figure 1: Location Map of Dharmanagar


3

1.1 Demographics :

Description Census 2011 Data

Town Name Dharmanagar

Civic Type NP

Tehsil Name NORTH TRIPURA

District Name NORTH TRIPURA

State Name TRIPURA

Total Population 40595

Total Area 10.69 (Ha)

Total No of House Holds 9971

Total Male Population 20161

Total Female Population 20434

0-6 Age group Total Population 3850

0-6 Age group Male Population 1924

0-6 Age group Female Population 1926

Total Person Literates 34951

Total Male Literates 17515

Total Female Literates 17436

Total Person Illiterates 5644

Total Male Illiterates 2646

Total Female Illiterates 2998

Scheduled Cast Persons 5133


4

Scheduled Cast Males 2593

Scheduled Cast Females 2540

Scheduled Tribe Persons 235

Scheduled Tribe Males 232

Scheduled Tribe Females 235

Total Number of Wards in Dharmanagar =19 Wards

Figure 2: Dharmanagar Wards Area


5

Figure 3: Dharmanagar Total Population Density

Figure 4: Dharmanagar Total Male Population


6

Figure 6: Dharmanagar Sex Ratio

Figure 5: Dharmanagar Total Female Population


7

Figure 7: Dharmanagar Work Population

Figure 8: Dharmanagar Literacy Rate


8

Figure 9: Dharmanagar Male Literacy Rate

Figure 10: Dharmanagar Female Literacy Rate


9

Figure 11: Dharmanagar Male Illiteracy Rate

Figure 12: Dharmanagar Female Illiteracy Rate


10

2.0 Topography

The physiography is characterised by hill ranges, valleys and plains. The state has five

anticlinal ranges of hills running north to south, from Boromura in the west, through

Atharamura, Longtharai and Shakhan, to the Jampui Hills in the east.The intervening

synclines are the Agartala–Udaipur, Khowai–Teliamura, Kamalpur–Ambasa, Kailasahar–

Manu and Dharmanagar–Kanchanpur valleys. At an altitude of 939 m (3,081 ft), Betling Shib

in the Jampui range is the state's highest point. The small isolated hillocks interspersed

throughout the state are known as tillas, and the narrow fertile alluvial valleys, mostly present

in the west, are called lungas. A number of rivers originate in the hills of Tripura and flow

into Bangladesh.The Khowai, Dhalai, Manu, Juri and Longai flow towards the north; the

Gumti to the west; and the Muhuri and Feni to the south west.

3.0 Climate

In Dharmanagar, the wet season is hot,

oppressive, and mostly cloudy and the dry

season is warm and mostly clear. The warmest

month of the year is August, with an average

temperature of 28.2 °C | 82.8 °F. At 18.2 °C |

64.8 °F on average, January is the coldest

month of the year.

4.0 Rainfall

To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall

accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Dharmanagar

experiences extreme seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.The rainy period of the year lasts

for 10 months, from February 1 to December 1, with a sliding 31-day rainfall of at least 0.5

inches. The most rain falls during the 31 days centered around June 12, with an average total

accumulation of 13.0 inches.The

rainless period of the year lasts for

2.0 months, from December 1 to

February 1. The least rain falls

around January 10, with an average

total accumulation of 0.3 inches.

Dharmanagar has significant

rainfall most months, with a short

dry season. The Köppen-Geiger

climate classification is Am. The

average annual temperature is 24.8

°C in Dharmanagar. In a year, the

rainfall is 2698 mm.

Figure 13: Average Temperature of Dharmanagar

Figure 14: Average weather by month of Dharmanagar


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5.0 Existing Site Soil Conditions

In general, soils of the area are acidic in nature. The pH of soil ranges from 5.50 to 5.64.

Nitrogen and phosphate is low, available potash is medium to high, calcium, magnesium and

sulphur are deficient in these soils. In the area lateritic soil is found in tilla (hilly / small

mounds) area, younger soils or river valley soils are found along all major river courses.

Clayey soils are found in paddy fields. Apart from these, sandy loam, clayey loam and loamy

soils are also available.

6.0 Ground Water Resource

Physiographical, the northeaster region can be subdivided into several units each with

distinctive characteristics. Hydrological condition is correlated with geomorphic units,

which in turn can provide reliable data on groundwater.

The major geomorphic element observed in Tripura is north-south running parallel

hill regions and intervening valleys. The hills are tightly folded anticlines with broad

synclinal valleys. These anticline hills form watersheds from which drainage patterns

emerge. Geologically, the area is occupied by the folded sedimentary formations

ranging in age from lower Tertiary to Recent. Of the various groups of rocks found,

Tipam sandstones are considered the main producer aquifer.

Extensive hydrological surveys carried out by the Central Groundwater Board in

almost all the valleys of Tripura revealed three to four major aquifers within 259m in

depth. Such thickness varies from valley to valley but decreases considerably in the

synclinal valleys of Kamalpur, Kailashsahar and Dharmanagar. The anticlinal hills

intervening the synclinal valley not only act as ground water divides but the sandy

formations exposed therein act as recharge zone. Since the recharge area lies in the

anticlinal hills, favourable artesian conditions occur whenever good thickness of

impermeable clay beds underline and overlie the saturated granular zones. Flowing

conditions with auto-flow of 100 to 3000 liters per hour are found mainly in the

central part of most of the synclinal valley of Tripura.The worthiness of ground water

also varies from valley to valley. While in Agratala valley in the west, they are

positively potential, it becomes moderate towards Dharmanagar on the north east.

Records of the technical details from 15 different locations in four districts indicate

that tube-wells have been successfully constructed in all the synclinal valleys of

Tripura. Large numbers of shallow tube-wells have been constructed by the State

Government at depth of 30m to 60m. In areas fringing the hills (within 2 to 4km),

water table generally appear deep and sediments fine, Groundwater structures in such

area offered low yields and drawdowns are heavy (Prasad, K.K. 1984, Ground Water

Resource of North East India, in Resource Potential of North East India vol. 1: 25-32,

Meghalaya Science Society).

The shallow aquifer level are normally located within a depth of 50m below ground

level (sometime, it may be at 12-20m depth as in Dharmnagar valley or 5-25m in

depth as in Kamalpur valley) and the deeper aquifer occur between the depth ranges

of 50m to 200m.

Recent data in four districts show no decline in groundwater level for 0 to >4m. On the

other hand rise in the groundwater level at 0-2m level is noted in 42.11%, at 2-4m level

the figure is 57.89% and above 4m level no rise is noted. A total of 19 sampling stations

were used to measure the rise and fall of water level during April 1999-August 1999 in

Dhalai, North Tripura, South Tripura and West Tripura (Table-1)


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Table : 1 Fall and Rise of water

The depth of water level in all the four districts shows a typical pattern. The water level

becomes highest between the month of August and start declining from January to April.

6.1 Ground water quality

The analytical results show that there is no considerable difference between quality of water

from shallow and deeper aquifers. Suitability of Ground Water for Drinking and Domestic

Use: The pH values of the ground water ranges from 7.14 to 7.90 for shallow aquifer and

from 6.36 to 8.19 for deeper aquifer. The BIS (1991) has recommended acceptable range of

pH from 9 6.5 to 8.5 for domestic use. The water of the tube well at Panisagar in North

Tripura has pH value of 6.36 otherwise all water of the area is acceptable for domestic use in

view of pH ranges. Ground water quality in the area is potable and range of all the chemical

constituents are within the permissible limit set by BIS (1991), except iron. In shallow aquifer

EC values ranges from 75 to 447 and in deeper aquifer it ranges from 105 to 365. Fluoride

content in ground water from shallow aquifer ranges from 0.03 to 0.39 ppm and in deeper

aquifer it ranges from 0.12 to 0.29ppm. The iron concentration in ground water from shallow

aquifer ranges from 0.06 to 3.93 ppm and in deeper aquifer it ranges from 0.06 to 12.00ppm.

During ground water exploration at Panisagar the concentration of iron is found to be 12

ppm.

Suitability of Ground Water for Irrigation Use: In general, ground water in the area is

suitable for irrigation purpose, except concentration of iron is higher than permissible limit. Table- 2 Hydrogeological Details of Ground Water Exploration in Dharmanagar

District

No. Of Station

Analysed

Fall Of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m

Percentage >4m Percentage

Dhalai 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

North Tripura 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

South Tripura 2 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total Number of

Sampling

19 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

District No. Of Station

Analysed

Rise of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 2 50.0 2 50.0 0 0.00

North Tripura 2 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 0.00

South Tripura 3 1 33.3 2 66.7 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 4 40.0 6 60.0 0 0.00

Total Number of

Sampling

19 8 42.11 11 57.89 0 0.00


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6.2 Status of ground water development

Ground water is being developed mostly by construction of deep tube wells, shallow

tube wells and RCC wells etc .for drinking, domestic and irrigation purposes. These

structures are fitted with suitable pumps or with ordinary hand pumps for withdrawing

ground water .In addition to that, there are some shallow tube wells which are auto

flow in nature drawing ground water in the district. Drinking water scenario.

In urban areas water supply is done mainly from surface water sources. But in rural

areas, deep tube wells and shallow tube wells fitted with suitable pumps provide

drinking water to villagers. Water is being supplied directly from deep tube wells

without any treatment and certain places water is supplied after iron removal

wherever the iron concentration is beyond permissible limit.

There are 138 deep tube wells, 1103 RCC wells in the district. In addition there is one

surface water treatment plant in the district. As on 31-03-2008, out of 1092

habitations, 291 are fully covered, 593 are partially covered and 208 are uncovered so

for. Irrigation scenario Ground water is being developed for irrigation purposes

through deep tube wells; shallow tube wells fitted with pump sets (both electric and

diesel pumps) and artesian wells.

6.3 Water conservation and artificial recharge

In the area scope for artificial recharge is minimal because water level in the major part of the

district lies between 2 – 5 m bgl. As the area receives about 2430mm of annual rainfall

construction of rainwater harvesting structures are possible. Apart from roof top rainwater

harvesting structures small & medium sized check dams can be constructed.

6.4 Ground water related issues and problems

Water Quality problems Ground water of the area is characterized by a generally high

iron content which ranges from 0.2 to 12 ppm. The concentration of iron in ground

water is generally much above the prescribed desirable limit of 0.3 ppm and

maximum permissible of 1 ppm. The iron concentration in water from open well is

comparatively less than that of tube wells. This is due to the fact that the scope of

aeration is more in open wells allowing the precipitation of ferrous iron as ferric iron.

The enrichment of iron in water of the area is due to the ferruginous nature of Tipam

sandstones, which forms the major aquifers. The high contents of iron renders ground

water unsuitable for drinking purpose, hence the level of concentration should be

brought down to the desirable limit before use for drinking purpose, to avoid any

health hazards.

Drilling Problems In the area shallow tube wells are drilled manually. It is reported

that construction of shallow tube wells is difficult in the foothills and hilly areas of the

district due to the presence of hard shale.


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7.0 Flow Chart of Drainage System

7.1 Drainage Network System

Pond/ Natural

Drainage

Ground Water

Recharge

Rainfall Storm water

Line SWTP

Rooftop

Recharge Bore well

Courtyard Road

Soil Map Study for Designing and Costing

Existing Decadal

Rainfall Data Analysis

Natural Water Sources for

Drainage Disposal

Drainage Design / Section

Calculation of Storm Water Design flow

Ground Natural Slope

Study Existing Natural & man-made Drainage

System

Study Existing and

Proposed

Design of Materials

BOQ sheet / Block

Costing

Drawing /Design Layout

Ground

Verification

Yes

No


15

7.2 Drainage Pattern Map of North Tripura District

The overall drainage pattern is dendritic in the North Tripura district.Longai, Juri, Deo are

three main rivers of the district flowing towards north. The length of river Deo, Longai, Juri

are 132, 98, 79 respectively.(State of Environment Report of Tripura, 2002) Juri river flows

through Dharmangar valley and Deo river flows through Kanchanpur Valley meets Manu

river.

Figure 15: Drainage Pattern Map of North Tripura District


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8.0 Situation Analysis of the existing drainage system

The area is currently being utilized for Urban and no instances of large scale flooding

have been reported in the recent years. The area is a green field with no

formal/manmade storm water drainage system.

There are several small to medium sized natural water bodies in the area which serve

to collect, store and eventually discharge the rainwater into the tributaries which

finally fall into river or percolate the runoff into the ground over a period of time.

Proper planning for a storm water drainage system is crucial considering increased

runoff as the paved area would increase after the proposed development.

Figure 15: Existing condition of drainage system Dharmanagar


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8.1 Existing Storm water drainage network of Dharamanagar

8.2 Issues of existing drainage system

The most of the area is semi paved and thus

at present, most of the rainfall which falls on

this area infiltrates into ground. But once

this area is developed, the major portion of

the rainfall will not find its way to the

underground water and thus get filled in the

low lying areas. Therefore, the conveyance

of this rainfall to the proper outfall is a

necessity.

Figure 16: Existing condition of

drainage system Dharmanagar


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9.0 Proposals and designing of the drainage system

The following point shall be considered, while planning and designing of the drainage

system:

The storm water drainage system is proposed to be integrated with a rain water

harvesting system to minimize the impact of tapping of ground water as a water

supply source and increase in impervious surfaces on the ground water table.

Drain should be planned according to the ground levels, slope of the ground, valley

and ridges and also the land use planned for urban development.

Drains should be planned to get good longitudinal slope, considering the nature of

soil, water level.

Drainage of large area can be better achieved by subdividing it into small grids to

avoid a long main drain.

Efficiency in maintenance of drainage system should be an important consideration in

selecting the size, (covered or open) shape and the location.

The specification of the drain should also aim at preventing the possibility of ingress

of other extraneous materials, debris, rubbish, vegetation etc. Where gratings are

provided on drains, they should so locate as to attract attention of maintenance staff,

easy to approach inspects and clean it.

An attempt shall be made in the design to provide higher starting and higher outfall

bed levels in drains. A free outfall shall be attempted as far as possible.

Design of main drain shall be so made as to allow use of normal methods for desalting

operation.

Inlets to the drains to be properly designed and located.

It is always desirable that run off from the catchment areas outside the city boundary

should be taken by suitable drain layout to bypass the township.

The design flow will be the runoff from rainfall only.

10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Dramanagar

11.0 Aims - AMRUT Project

The main objectives of the AMRUT project are–

a) To ensure that every household has tap access to tap, with assured supply of water and

sewage connection

b) Increase the amenity value of city by developing greenery and well maintained open

spaces

c) Reduce pollution by switching to public transport or constructing facilities for non-

motorized transport

Formulation of GIS based master plan for AMRUT cities is one of the important reforms

under AMRUT. The main objectives of the sub-schemes are:

1) To develop common georeferenced base maps and Land use maps using Geographical

Information System(GIS) and

2) Master Plan Formulation for AMRUT cities


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12.0 Conclusion of Existing Storm water Drainage System

1. In many part of Dharmanagar the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB

and as per requirement of area for feeding it partially. So that in most area of the city

the drainage system shouldn’t carry the rain water in the Rainy season.

2. Drainage network of the Dharmanagar is not constructed properly which causes water

logging in many places of the Dharmanagar .

3. Main connectivity of drainage out fall point is not proper due to which the disposal of

drainage will not occur and found in some places, where discharge point of drainage

system is upto a low lying area at the outer side of city which further will be collected

there leading in water logging in several places.

4. There is an irregularity of drain section which is constructed at many places in

Dharmanagar. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small

section due to which the discharge of drainage may be affected and causes

waterlogging.

5. At some places invert level is not proper at junction of drainage network so that there

will be a free flow in drainage system, due to which the flow of drain may be

obstructed and silted which causes water logging.

6. It is observed that at many places drainage network is dismantled, non-continue and

filled with sludge and rubbish. It may cause a non-free flow of drainage system and

obstructed free flow of drain.

7. In outer part of Dharmanagar, some people have constructed their own houses in

scattered manner without considering the level of road and drain.

8. At the connecting point of drainage the highest flood level of Canal/River/ out fall of

drainage may be higher than at the drainage invert level which may causes water

logging and stoppage of drainage.


1




Kailashahar

Prepared By:




2

1.0 Introduction

Kailashahar is a municipal council city, the headquarters of the Unakoti district in the Indian

state of Tripura.It is located along the Bangladesh border. Kailashahar was the ancient capital

of the Tripuri kingdom. Its history is associated with Unakoti, noted for its 7th - 9th century

AD stone and rock cut images. A Shiva disciple who started the Tripurabda (Tripuri

Calendar), prayed for Lord Shiva in Chhambulnagar village on the banks of the Mau river. It

is speculated that Chhambulnagar, which is mentioned in Rajmala, was situated near Unakoti

Hill.The Prince prayed for Mahadeva in Unakoti. Kailashahar may be the legendary

Chhambulnagar. Some believers thought that Har (Shiva) resides in Kailash. Therefore, the

place was known as Kailash Har which was later on transformed to Kailashahar. Tripura king

Adi-Dharmapha ruled there in the 7th century. He performed a yagna with pomp and gaiety.

The fourth largest urban centre of Tripura. It is the Head Quarters of Unakoti Tripura District

and is a Sub-divisional town. This sub-division is bounded by Bangladesh on the North &

west, Dharmanagar Subdivision is located on the eastern side and Southern side is covered by

Kumarghat. It has a population of 22405 according to 2011 census. It contributes about

2.50% of State Urban population.

Kailashahar town is located between 24.33 N latitude and 92.02 East longitude. The town is

situated on the bank of river Manu, the longest river of Tripura. The nearest railway station is

at Kumarghat which is at a distance of around 25 Km. This town is about 135.00 Km away

from the State capital Agartala and 109.00 Km by train from Kumarghat Railway Station to

Agartala.

Figure1: Location Map of Kailashahar


3

1.1 Demographics


Town Name Kailasahar

Civic Type NP

Teshil Name NORTH TRIPURA


State Name TRIPURA


















4





Total Number of Wards in Kailashahar =15 Wards

Figure 2: Kailashahar Wards Area


5

Figure 3: Kailashahar Population Density

Figure 4: Kailashahar Total Male Population


6

Figure 5: Kailashahar Total Female Population

Figure 6: Kailashahar Sex Ratio


7

Figure 7: Kailashahar Work Population

Figure 8: Kailashahar Literacy Rate


8

Figure 9: Kailashahar Male Literacy Rate

Figure 10: Kailashahar Female Literacy Rate


9

Figure 11: Kailashahar Male Illiteracy Rate

Figure 12: Kailashahar Female Illiteracy Rate


10

2.0 Topography

The topography of Kailashahar is traversed by mostly of rugged terrain with some undulating

surface. About 75 percent of the district geographical areas are characterized by hilly terrain

covered with dense forests and only about 25 percent are plains.

3.0 Climate

The Kailashahar lies on 32m above sea

level The climate here is tropical. There

is significant rainfall in most months of

the year. The short dry season has little

effect on the overall climate. According

to Köppen and Geiger, this climate is

classified as Am. The average annual

temperature is 24.8 °C | 76.6 °F in

Kailashahar. Precipitation here is about

2520 mm | 99.2 inch per year.

4.0 Rainfall

The climate in the area is characterized by moderate temperature and is highly humid in

nature. There are three prominent seasons summer, rainy and winter. The summer season

spans from March to May and is followed by S W monsoon lasting till September. Winter

season starts from November and lasts till the end of February. The district is having 3 nos.

of rain gauge stations located at Kailashahar. The average annual rainfall for last 35 years

(1971 – 2008) of the area is 2430 mm. Out of that the average monsoon rainfall is 1630 mm.

The average nos. of rainy days for last 5 years is 110. Maximum rainfall of 4026 mm (1993)

recorded at Kailashahar

Figure 13: Average Temperature of Kailashahar

Figure 14: Average weather by month of Kailashahar


11




sulfur are deficient in these soils. In the area lateritic soil is found in tilla (hilly / small





































of 50m to 200m.







12


The depth of water level in all the four districts show a typical pattern. The water level
















ppm.


suitable for irrigation purpose, except concentration of iron is higher than permissible limit.


Analysed

Fall Of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

North Tripura 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

South Tripura 2 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00


Analysed

Rise of Water Table

0-

2m Percentage 2-

4m Percentage >4m Percentage

Dhalai 4 2 50.0 2 50.0 0 0.00

North Tripura 2 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 0.00

South Tripura 3 1 33.3 2 66.7 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 4 40.0 6 60.0 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 8 42.11 11 57.89 0 0.00


13


































health hazards.





14



Pond/ Natural

Drainage

Ground Water

Recharge


Line SWTP

Rooftop

Recharge Bore well

Courtyard Road


Existing Decadal



Drainage Disposal





System

Study Existing and

Proposed

Design of Materials

BOQ sheet / Block

Costing


Ground

Verification

Yes

No


15




16


Figure 15: Existing condition of drainage system Kailashsahar


17

8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Kailashahar


18


The most of the area is semi paved and thus at

present, most of the rainfall which falls on this

area infiltrates into ground. But once this area is

developed, the major portion of the rainfall will

not find its way to the underground water and thus

get filled in the low lying areas. Therefore, the

conveyance of this rainfall to the proper outfall is

a necessity.



system:







soil, water level.












operation.






drainage system Kailashahar


19

10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Kailashahar




sewage connection


spaces


motorized transport







1. In many part of Kailashahar the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB



2. Drainage network of the Kailashahar is not constructed properly which causes water

logging in many places of the Kailashahar






Kailashahar. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small


waterlogging.







7. In outer part of Kailashahar, some people have constructed their own houses in






1




Panisagar

Prepared By:




2

1.0 Introduction

Panisagar is a town and a nagar panchayat in North Tripura district in the state of Tripura, India. It is also

the headquarters of Panisagar Tehsil.

Figure1: Location Map of Panisagar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagar_panchayat

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Tripura_district

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripura

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India


3

1.1 Demographics :


Town Name Panisagar

Civic Type CT

Teshil Name PANISAGAR


State Name TRIPURA


















4





2.0 Topography











3.0 Climate

The Panisagar lies on 38m above sea level Panisagar's climate is classified as tropical.

The climate here is classified as Am by the Köppen-Geiger system. The average

annual temperature is 24.8 °C in Panisagar. About 2554 mm of precipitation falls annually.

Figure 13: Average Temperature of Panisagar


5

4.0 Rainfall

The average annual temperature is 24.8 °C in Panisagar. About 2554 mm

of precipitation falls annually.

























Figure 14: Average weather by month of Panisagar


6

















of 50m to 200m.







The depth of water level in all the four districts shows a typical pattern. The water level



Analysed

Fall Of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

North Tripura 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

South Tripura 2 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00


Analysed

Rise of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 2 50.0 2 50.0 0 0.00

North Tripura 2 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 0.00

South Tripura 3 1 33.3 2 66.7 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 4 40.0 6 60.0 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 8 42.11 11 57.89 0 0.00


7















ppm.




















Table- 2 Hydrogeological Details of Ground Water Exploration in Panisagar


8

















health hazards.






Existing Decadal



Drainage Disposal





System

Study Existing and

Proposed

Design of Materials

BOQ sheet / Block

Costing


Ground

Verification

Yes

No


9


Pond/ Natural

Drainage

Ground Water

Recharge


Line SWTP

Rooftop

Recharge Bore well

Courtyard Road


10




11

8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Panisagar


12



system:







soil, water level.












operation.





10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Panisagar




sewage connection


spaces


motorized transport







13


1. In many part of Panisagar the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and

as per requirement of area for feeding it partially. So that in most area of the city the

drainage system shouldn’t carry the rain water in the Rainy season.

2. Drainage network of the Panisagar is not constructed properly which causes water

logging in many places of the Panisagar.






Panisagar. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small


waterlogging.







7. In outer part of Panisagar, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered

manner without considering the level of road and drain.





1




Kumarghat

Prepared By:




2

1.1 Historical Background:

Kumarghat is a town, municipality, block and a sub-division in Unakoti district in the Indian

state of Tripura.

Figure1: Location Map of Kumarghat


3

1.2 Demographics :


Town Name Kumarghat

Civic Type NP

Teshil Name NORTH TRIPURA


State Name TRIPURA


Total Area 3.5 (Ha)
















4





Total Number of Wards in Kumarghat =11 Wards

Figure 2: Kumarghat Wards Area


5

Figure 3: Kumarghat Population Density

Figure 4: Kumarghat Total Male Population


6

Figure 5: Kumarghat Total Female Population

Figure 6: Kumarghat Sex Ratio


7

Figure 7: Kumarghat Work Population

Figure 8: Kumarghat Literacy Rate


8

Figure 9: Kumarghat Male Literacy Rate

Figure 10: Kumarghat Female Literacy Rate


9

Figure 11: Kumarghat Male Illiteracy Rate

Figure 12: Kumarghat Female Illiteracy Rate


10

2.0 Topography

The topography is mostly of rugged terrain with some undulating surface. About 75 percent

of the district geographical areas are characterized by hilly terrain covered with dense forests

and only about 25 percent are plains.

3.0 Climate

The Kumarghat lies on 40m above sea level This city has a tropical climate. The summers

here have a good deal of rainfall, while the winters have very little. This location is classified

as Aw by Köppen and Geiger. The average annual temperature is 24.9 °C in Kumarghat.

With an average of 28.5 °C | 83.3 °F, August is the warmest month. The lowest average

temperatures in the year occur in January, when it is around 18.5 °C | 65.3 °F.

4.0 Rainfall

The average annual temperature is 24.9 °C in Kumarghat. The rainfall here averages 2361

mm

Figure 13: Average Temperature of Kumarghat

Figure 14: Average weather by month of Kumarghat


11









































of 50m to 200m.







12





Ground Water Scenario of Kumarghat are good. Fine to medium grained sand stones form

the principal aquifer.
















Analysed

Fall Of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

North Tripura 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

South Tripura 2 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00


Analysed

Rise of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 2 50.0 2 50.0 0 0.00

North Tripura 2 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 0.00

South Tripura 3 1 33.3 2 66.7 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 4 40.0 6 60.0 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 8 42.11 11 57.89 0 0.00


13


Ground water is being developed mostly by construction of deep tube wells, shallow tube

wells and RCC wells etc .for drinking, domestic and irrigation purposes. These structures are

fitted with suitable pumps, Mark II/III or with ordinary hand pumps for withdrawing ground

water .In addition to that, there are some shallow tube wells which are auto flow in nature

drawing ground water in the district. Drinking water scenario In urban areas water supply is

done mainly from surface water sources. But in rural areas, deep tube wells and shallow tube

wells fitted with suitable pumps provide drinking water to villagers. Water is being supplied

directly from deep tube wells without any treatment and certain places water is supplied after

iron removal wherever the iron concentration is beyond permissible limit. There are 138 deep

tube wells, 1103 RCC wells in the district. In addition there is one surface water treatment

plant in the district. As on 31-03-2008, out of 1092 habitations, 291 are fully covered, 593 are

partially covered and 208 are uncovered so for. The Block-wise no of existing sources and

coverage is given in Table-3. Irrigation scenario Ground water is being developed for

irrigation purposes through deep tube wells; shallow tube wells fitted with pump sets (both

electric and diesel pumps) and artesian wells.







Water Quality problems Ground water of the area is characterized by a generally high iron

content which ranges from 0.2 to 12 ppm. The concentration of iron in ground water is

generally much above the prescribed desirable limit of 0.3 ppm and maximum permissible of

1 ppm. The iron concentration in water from open well is comparatively less than that of tube

wells. This is due to the fact that the scope of aeration is more in open wells allowing the

precipitation of ferrous iron as ferric iron. The enrichment of iron in water of the area is due

to the ferruginous nature of Tipam sandstones, which forms the major aquifers. The high

contents of iron renders ground water unsuitable for drinking purpose, hence the level of

concentration should be brought down to the desirable limit before use for drinking purpose,

to avoid any health hazards. Drilling Problems In the area shallow tube wells are drilled

manually. It is reported that construction of shallow tube wells is difficult in the foothills and

hilly areas of the district due to the presence of hard shale.


14



Pond/ Natural

Drainage

Ground Water

Recharge


Line SWTP

Rooftop

Recharge Bore well

Courtyard Road


Existing Decadal



Drainage Disposal





System

Study Existing and

Proposed

Design of Materials

BOQ sheet / Block

Costing


Ground

Verification

Yes

No


15




16

8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Kumarghat



system:







soil, water level.










17




operation.





10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Kumarghat




sewage connection


spaces


motorized transport







1. In many part of Kumarghat the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB



2. Drainage network of the Kumarghat is not constructed properly which causes water

logging in many places of the Kumarghat.






Kumarghat. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small


waterlogging.





18




7. In outer part of Kumarghat, some people have constructed their own houses in






1




Ambassa

Prepared By:




2

1.0 Introduction

Ambassa is the sub district head quarter of the city. District head quarter of the city is

Ambassa. Agartala is the state head quarter of the city and is 80 km far from here.

Figure1: Location Map of Ambassa


3

1.1 Demographics :


Town Name Ambassa

Civic Type NP

Teshil Name DHALAI

District Name DHALAI

State Name TRIPURA


















4






5

2.0 Topography

It is mainly between two hills: Atharamura Range and Sakhan Range. More than 70% area is

hilly and forest covered. The terrain is mostly undulating and hilly with small water streams

(chharas), rivers and fertile valleys intervening. Major rivers originating from Dhalai are

Dhalai, Khowai, Gomati and Manu.

3.0 Climate

The Tropical climate with hot and

humid summers, a prolonged rainy

season and warm winters. Rains are

frequent in March and April.

Maximum temperatures in summers

and winters are 36 degree and 28

degree Celsius respectively.

The minimum temperatures in

summers and winters are 17 degree

and 5.3 degree Celsius respectively.

September is the warmest month of

the year.

The temperature in September

averages 28.0 °C | 82.4 °F. January is

the coldest month, with temperatures

averaging 18.2 °C | 64.8 °F.

4.0 Rainfall

The driest month is December, with 5 mm | 0.2 inch of rain. Most of the precipitation

here falls in June, averaging 453 mm | 17.8 inch.

Yearly average rainfall of the city is 2100 mm.

Figure 14: Average weather by month of Ambassa

Figure 13: Average Temperature of Ambassa


6









Fine to medium grained sand stones form the principal aquifer. This zone extends

bordering the hill ranges i.e. the marginal part of Ambasa,






























of 50m to 200m.







7


















ppm.




Analysed

Fall Of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

North Tripura 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

South Tripura 2 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00


Analysed

Rise of Water Table

0-

2m Percentage 2-


Dhalai 4 2 50.0 2 50.0 0 0.00

North Tripura 2 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 0.00

South Tripura 3 1 33.3 2 66.7 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 4 40.0 6 60.0 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 8 42.11 11 57.89 0 0.00


8


































health hazards.





9



Pond/ Natural

Drainage

Ground Water

Recharge


Line SWTP

Rooftop

Recharge Bore well

Courtyard Road


Existing Decadal



Drainage Disposal





System

Study Existing and

Proposed

Design of Materials

BOQ sheet / Block

Costing


Ground

Verification

Yes

No


10


8.1 Existing Storm water drainage network of Ambassa

Figure 15: Existing condition of drainage system Ambassa

LEGENDS:

Ward Boundary

Storm water drainage

Pipelines


11


The most of the area is semi paved and thus at

present, most of the rainfall which falls on this

area infiltrates into ground. But once this area is

developed, the major portion of the rainfall will

not find its way to the underground water and thus

get filled in the low lying areas. Therefore, the

conveyance of this rainfall to the proper outfall is

a necessity.



system:







soil, water level.












operation.






drainage system Ambassa


12

10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Ambassa




sewage connection


spaces


motorized transport







1. In many part of Ambassa the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and as

per requirement of area for feeding it partially. So that in most area of the city the


2. Drainage network of the Ambassa is not constructed properly which causes water

logging in many places of the Ambassa





4. There is an irregularity of drain section which is constructed at many places in Ambassa.

At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small section due to

which the discharge of drainage may be affected and causes waterlogging.


will be a free flow in drainage system, due to which the flow of drain may be obstructed

and silted which causes water logging.




7. In outer part of Ambassa, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered






1




Kamalpur

Prepared By:




2


Kamalpur is a town and a nagar panchayat in Dhalai district in the Indian state of Tripura.

Around 93 km from the state capital Agartala. Kamalpur is the largest Sub-divisional town in

Dhalai District .

Figure 1: Location Map of Kamalpur


3

1.2 Demographics :


Town Name Kamalpur

Civic Type NP

Teshil Name DHALAI

District Name DHALAI

State Name TRIPURA

















4








5

Figure 2: Kamalpur Wards Area

Figure 3: Kamalpur Population Density

Figure 4: Kamalpur Total Male Population


6

Figure 5: Kamalpur Total Female Population

Figure 6: Kamalpur Sex Ratio


7

Figure 7: Kamalpur Work Population

Figure 8: Kamalpur Literacy Rate


8

Figure 9: Kamalpur Male Literacy Rate

Figure 10: Kamalpur Female Literacy Rate


9

Figure 11: Kamalpur Male Illiteracy Rate

Figure 12: Kamalpur Female Illiteracy Rate


10

2.0 Topography

The topography of Dhalai district is distinctly hilly and these hills, which cover more than 70

per cent of the total area of the Dhalai district, are wrapped in green forests.

3.0 Climate

The Kamalpur lies on 153m above

sea level Kamalpur's climate is

classified as tropical. When

compared with winter, the summers

have much more rainfall. The climate

here is classified as Aw by the

Köppen-Geiger system. The

temperature here averages 26.5 °C.

The temperatures are highest on

average in July, at around 28.1 °C |

82.6 °F. The lowest average

temperatures in the year occur in

January, when it is around 17.6 °C |

63.7 °F.

4.0 Rainfall

According to Köppen and Geiger, this climate is classified as Cwa. The temperature

here averages 24.7 °C | 76.5 °F. The annual rainfall is 2271 mm | 89.4 inch.

The least amount of rainfall occurs in December. The average in this month is 5 mm |

0.2 inch. The greatest amount of precipitation occurs in June, with an average of 468

mm | 18.4 inch.

Figure 13: Average Temperature of Kamalpur

Figure 14: Average weather by month of Kamalpur


11









































of 50m to 200m.





12




















ppm.




Analysed

Fall Of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

North Tripura 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

South Tripura 2 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00


Analysed

Rise of Water Table

0-

2m Percentage 2-


Dhalai 4 2 50.0 2 50.0 0 0.00

North Tripura 2 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 0.00

South Tripura 3 1 33.3 2 66.7 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 4 40.0 6 60.0 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 8 42.11 11 57.89 0 0.00


13


































health hazards.





14



Pond/ Natural

Drainage

Ground Water

Recharge


Line SWTP

Rooftop

Recharge Bore well

Courtyard Road


Existing Decadal



Drainage Disposal





System

Study Existing and

Proposed

Design of Materials

BOQ sheet / Block

Costing


Ground

Verification

Yes

No


15

8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Kamalpur


16



system:







soil, water level.












operation.





10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Dramanagar




sewage connection


spaces


motorized transport






17



1. In many part of Kamapur the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and as



2. Drainage network of the Kamalpur is not constructed properly which causes water

logging in many places of the Kamalpur.





4. There is an irregularity of drain section which is constructed at many places in Kamalpur.



5. At some places invert level is not proper at junction of drainage network so that there will

be a free flow in drainage system, due to which the flow of drain may be obstructed and

silted which causes water logging.

6. It is observed that at many places drainage network is dismantled, non-continue and filled

with sludge and rubbish. It may cause a non-free flow of drainage system and obstructed

free flow of drain.

7. In outer part of Kamalpur, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered



drainage may be higher than at the drainage invert level which may causes water logging

and stoppage of drainage.


1




Teliamura

Prepared By:




2

1.0 Introduction

Teliamura is a town and a nagar panchayat in Khowai district in the Indian state of Tripura. It

is on the National Highway No.08 of India. It is also the headquarters of the recently included

sub-division of Teliamura. It is 45 km from Agartala, Capital of Tripura, 35 km from Khowai

and 42 km from Ambassa.


3

1.1 Demographics :


Town Name Teliamura

Civic Type NP

Teshil Name WEST TRIPURA

District Name WEST TRIPURA

State Name TRIPURA


















4






Figure 2: Teliamura Wards Area


5

Figure 3: Teliamura Population Density

Figure 4: Teliamura Total Male Population


6

Figure 5:Teliamura Total Female Population

Figure 6: Teliamura Sex Ratio


7

Figure 7: Teliamura Work Population

Figure 8: Teliamura Literacy Rate


8

Figure 9: Teliamura Male Literacy Rate

Figure 10: Teliamua Female Literacy Rate


9

Figure 11: Teliamura Male Illiteracy Rate

Figure 12: Teliamura Female Illiteracy Rate


10

2.0 Topography

The topography of Khowai district is traversed by mostly of rugged terrain with some

undulating surface. About 70 percent of the district geographical areas are characterized by

hilly terrain covered with dense forests and only about 25 percent are plains. Baramura hill

range is located along western boundary and Atharamura hill range is located along eastern

boundary of the district. Average altitude of Khowai is 23 meter. Physiographically, the

district can be divided into two divisions- (1) The hill ranges, and (2) The valley / plain areas.

THE HILL RANGES-Two hill ranges viz,. Baramura and Atharamura characterise Western

and Eastern Part of the District. The average elevation of Atharamura is higher than the

Baramura range. THE VALLEY / PLAIN AREAS- In between the hills range are the valleys

characterized by gentle slope and broken by intermittent small hillocks (Saigal, 1978). The

valley / plain areas in the district consist mainly of Khowai- Taliamura valley. (State of

Environment Report of

Tripura, 2002).

3.0 Climate

The Teliamura lies on 51m above sea

level This city has a tropical climate.

In winter, there is much less rainfall

in Teliamura than in summer. The

Köppen-Geiger climate classification

is Aw. The temperature here

averages 25.1 °C | 77.2 °F. About

2068 mm | 81.4 inch of precipitation

falls annually.

The temperatures are highest on

average in September, at around 28.1

°C | 82.6 °F. January has the lowest

average temperature of the year. It is

18.3 °C | 64.9 °F.

4.0 Rainfall

The temperature here

averages 25.1 °C. About 2068

mm of precipitation falls

annually.

The least amount of

rainfall occurs in December.

The average in this month is 4

mm | 0.2 inch. With an average

of 438 mm | 17.2 inch, the most

precipitation falls in June.

Figure 13: Average Temperature of Teliamura

Figure 14: Average weather by month of Teliamura


11









































of 50m to 200m.







12


















ppm.




Analysed

Fall Of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

North Tripura 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

South Tripura 2 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00


Analysed

Rise of Water Table

0-

2m Percentage 2-


Dhalai 4 2 50.0 2 50.0 0 0.00

North Tripura 2 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 0.00

South Tripura 3 1 33.3 2 66.7 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 4 40.0 6 60.0 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 8 42.11 11 57.89 0 0.00


13


Hydro-geologically the area is a moderate to good zone for groundwater development. The

water table lies between 15 m and 20 m below ground level in the unconsolidated sandy

sediments of recent alluvium. Here the groundwater yield is good and can be developed with

the use of deep tube wells. The area and blocks water supply is augmented with dug wells,

shallow hand pumps and mini deep tube wells. Drinking water supply division, resource

water division has taken initiatives and has installed number of tube wells in the area, which

are in operation mode. The tube wells are installed with water jet method and rotary rig

method (direct/reverse).Static water level is in the range of 10-15m below ground level.

Numbers of water ponds are also there which augments village water supply. Rainfall is high

in the range of 1800-2000 mm annually. The study area is mostly dominated by dense

vegetation.Paddy cultivation is practiced based on the rainfall.

















health hazards.





14



Pond/ Natural

Drainage

Ground Water

Recharge


Line SWTP

Rooftop

Recharge Bore well

Courtyard Road


Existing Decadal



Drainage Disposal





System

Study Existing and

Proposed

Design of Materials

BOQ sheet / Block

Costing


Ground

Verification

Yes

No


15

7.2 Drainage Pattern Map of Khowai District

The overall drainage pattern is dendritic in the Khowai district. Khowai river is the main

rivers of the district flowing towards north. The length of the river is about 133 km

(Debnathet al., 2017). This river originates from Longtharai follow a north-western course

then northernly towards Khowai town. The river is rain fed and transport large volume of

water especially during the monsoon season causing floods in the lower portion of the

valleys. The enormous flow of water sometimes causes the rivers to change their courses

(Chatterjee, 1984). During winter season the water level of these rivers falls drastically and

the riverbecomes almost stagnant, the channel sometimes gets disconnected (Chatterjee,

1984). Dueto this, the river water cannot be use for irrigation purpose.

Figure 15: Drainage Pattern Map of Khowai District


16

8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Telimura



system:







soil, water level.










17




operation.





10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Teliamura




sewage connection


spaces


motorized transport







1. In many part of Telimura the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and



2. Drainage network of the Telimura is not constructed properly which causes water

logging in many places of the Telimura






Telimura. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small


waterlogging.





18




7. In outer part of Telimura, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered






1




Khowai

Prepared By:




2

1.0 Introduction

The Khowai district was created in the year 2012 and the district derives its name from the

namesake river which virtually bifurcates the subdivision. In fact, life in the lush green and

fertile Khowai valley, sandwiched on eastern and western sides by lateral extension of the

Atharomura and Barmura hill ranges is sustained by the Khowai river and its abundant water

resources spreading through the subdivision into neighbouring Bangladesh. For proper

documentation and delineation of annual deposition of river bed minor minerals (non-

metallic) detailed topographical survey and geological work (regional) along with ground

checking have been carried out. The prima facie availability of adequate reserves of sand of

desired quality under favourable mine ability factors was known. In the area of investigation,

the river Khowai becomes antecedent in character since the river maintains its course across

the Atharamura hill range and flows northwards throughout the synclinal valley located

between Atharamura and Baramura hill range in the East and West respectively. Spreadover

about 1328 sq. km.of undulating hills and plains with a population of 3,27,564 (Directorate of

Economics & Statistics, Government of Tripura, Agartala,). Khowai district and its name

sake headquarter is historically known for protracted political struggle of the indigenous

tribal people for emancipation from princely misrule and exploitation from the middle of

forties to the early fifties in the last century. Even now life and society in Khowai is

synonymous with cultural activities and trends that inspire the whole of Tripura. Apart from

its longstanding reputation as a centre of culture, Khowai district is also endowed with a

fairly rich infrastructure that provide timely and efficient services to the people.

Figure 1: Location Map of Khowai


3

1.1 Demographics :


Town Name Khowai

Civic Type NP



State Name TRIPURA


















4





2.0 Topography

The topography of Khowai district is traversed by mostly of rugged terrain with some

undulating surface. About 70 percent of the district geographical areas are characterized by

hilly terrain covered with dense forests and only about 25 percent are plains. Baramura hill

range is located along western boundary and Atharamura hill range is located along eastern

boundary of the district. Average altitude of Khowai is 23 meter.Physiographically, the

district can be divided into two divisions- (1) The hill ranges, and (2) The valley / plain

areas.The hill ranges-two hill ranges viz,. baramura and atharamura characterise western and

eastern part of the district. the average elevation of atharamura is higher than the baramura

range. The valley / plain areas- in between the hills range are the valleys characterized by

gentle slope and broken by intermittent small hillocks (saigal, 1978). the valley / plain areas

in the district consist mainly of khowai- taliamura valley. (state of environment report of

tripura, 2002).

3.0 Climate

With an average of 28.3 °C | 82.9 °F, September is the

warmest month. January has the lowest average

temperature of the year. It is 18.0 °C | 64.4 °F.

4.0 Rainfall

The state as whole and Khowai

district in particular has a monsoon

type of climate. There is however,

difference of temperature between

the hills and plains, which ranges

between sub-tropical in the plains to

temperate climatic conditions found

in the hilly areas.The driest month is

December. There is 2 mm | 0.1 inch

of precipitation in December. With

an average of 408 mm | 16.1 inch,

the most precipitation falls in June.

Figure 13: Average Temperature of Khowai

Figure 14: Average weather by month of Khowai


5









































of 50m to 200m.







6


















ppm.




Analysed

Fall Of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

North Tripura 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

South Tripura 2 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00


Analysed

Rise of Water Table

0-

2m Percentage 2-


Dhalai 4 2 50.0 2 50.0 0 0.00

North Tripura 2 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 0.00

South Tripura 3 1 33.3 2 66.7 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 4 40.0 6 60.0 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 8 42.11 11 57.89 0 0.00


7





























health hazards.





8



Pond/ Natural

Drainage

Ground Water

Recharge


Line SWTP

Rooftop

Recharge Bore well

Courtyard Road


Existing Decadal



Drainage Disposal


Calculation of Storm

Water Design flow



System

Study Existing and

Proposed

Design of Materials

BOQ sheet / Block

Costing


Ground

Verification

Yes

No


9

7.2 Drainage Pattern Map of Khowai District

The overall drainage pattern is dendritic in the Khowai district. Khowai river is the main

rivers of the district flowing towards north. The length of the river is about 133 km

(Debnathet al., 2017). This river originates from Longtharai follow a north-western course

then northernly towards Khowai town. The river is rain fed and transport large volume of

water especially during the monsoon season causing floods in the lower portion of the

valleys. The enormous flow of water sometimes causes the rivers to change their courses

(Chatterjee, 1984). During winter season the water level of these rivers falls drastically and

the riverbecomes almost stagnant, the channel sometimes gets disconnected (Chatterjee,

1984). Dueto this, the river water cannot be used for irrigation purpose.

Figure 15: Drainage Pattern Map of Khowai District


10











11

8.1 Existing Storm water drainage network of Khowai


12


The most of the area is semi paved and thus

at present, most of the rainfall which falls on

this area infiltrates into ground. But once this

area is developed, the major portion of the

rainfall will not find its way to the

underground water and thus get filled in the

low lying areas. Therefore, the conveyance of

this rainfall to the proper outfall is a

necessity.



system:







soil, water level.












operation.






drainage system Khowai


13

10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Khowai




sewage connection


spaces


motorized transport







1. In many part of Khowai the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and as



2. Drainage network of the Khowai is not constructed properly which causes water

logging in many places of the Khowai.






Khowai. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small


waterlogging.







7. In outer part of Khowai, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered





9. The Khowai drainage network has main problem at some places in outer part which is that the

disposal of drainage carrying through lalchoura up to river Khowai. The existing drainage

system of Khowai is connected at 7 places. The connected drain is upto khowai river through

kalibari road along the market leading in an obstruction by rubbish,sludge and girth.


1




Jirania

Prepared By:




2

1.0 Introduction

Jirania is a small town in Tripura state of India on the banks of river Saidra. It is a nagar

panchayat and also the headquarters of Jirania Rural Development Block. It is located in

Sadar sub-divisions of West Tripura district. It has 3 major high schools. Its market is of great

importance for the local business and its sustainence. It lies on the National Highway 44

(Assam-Agartala Highway) of India.

It is the connecting link with the town of Khumulwng and Mandwi with the national

highway. Other nearby towns include Ranirbazar and Champaknagar.

A petrol pump near the Jirania market serves for the town and its hinterland. The brick

factories in and around Jirania are very famous. There are more than 100 brick factories in

Jirania Block.


3

1.1 Demographics :


Sub District Name Jirania

State Name Tripura

District Name West Tripura

















Figure 1: Location Map of Jirania


4




2.0 Topography



Atharamura, Longtharai and Shakhan, to the Jampui Hills in the east.

3.0 Climate

The climate of Tripura exhibits a strong seasonal rhythm. The state is characterised by

a warm and humid tropical climate with five distinct seasons, namely, spring,

summer, monsoon, autumn and winter.Spring starts from late mid-February &

continues till midMarch. Winter returns if there is rain a fresh in mid-February.

Summer season starts from middle of March and reaches its peak in April - May. Pre-

monsoon rain is always experienced after Jhum harvesting in the hills in March-April.

Occasionally there is hardly any gap between pre-monsoon and monsoon rain. The

recorded maximum temperature is 35.60°c. The monsoon generally breaks in the later

part of May or first week of June and lasts till September. Winter sets in from

November and is severe in the month of January when minimum temperature

recorded is 4ºc in January 1995.

Humidity is generally high throughout the year. In the summer season the relative

humidity is varied from 50 percent to 74 percent whereas in the rainy season it is over

85 percent.

4.0 Rainfall

A more sensitive element of climate is the variation in rainfall. It varies not only from

place to place or from year to year, but also between seasons. Annual rainfall ranges

from 1922 mm to 2855 mm. The rainfall generally increases from Southwest to

Northeast.

There is a big gap in the rainfall content in southern and central part around Amarpur,

which is surrounded by 1500 mm. Isohyets. The northeastern part of the state around

Dharmanagar gets maximum rainfall. Most of the rain comes during the months April

June and July to September. This period is generally referred to as the kharif season

and this is the major agricultural season of the state.


5









































of 50m to 200m.





6




















ppm.




Analysed

Fall Of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

North Tripura 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

South Tripura 2 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00


Analysed

Rise of Water Table

0-

2m Percentage 2-


Dhalai 4 2 50.0 2 50.0 0 0.00

North Tripura 2 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 0.00

South Tripura 3 1 33.3 2 66.7 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 4 40.0 6 60.0 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 8 42.11 11 57.89 0 0.00


7





























health hazards.





8



Pond/ Natural

Drainage

Ground Water

Recharge


Line SWTP

Rooftop

Recharge Bore well

Courtyard Road


Existing Decadal



Drainage Disposal



Water Design flow



System

Study Existing and

Proposed

Design of Materials

BOQ sheet / Block

Costing


Ground

Verification

Yes

No


9

8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Jirania



system:







soil, water level.








10






operation.





10.0 Objective

Development of Storm water Management of Jirania




sewage connection


spaces


motorized transport







1. In many part of Jirania the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and as



2. Drainage network of the Jirania is not constructed properly which causes water

logging in many places of the Jirania.





4. There is an irregularity of drain section which is constructed at many places in Jirania.







11




7. In outer part of Jirania, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered






1




Ranirbazar

Prepared By:




2

1.0 Introduction

Ranirbazar is a town and a Municipal Council in West Tripura district in the Indian state of

Tripura.

Figure 1: Location Map of Ranirbazar


3

1.1 Demographics :


Town Name Ranirbazar

Civic Type NP



State Name TRIPURA


















4






Figure 2: Ranirbazar Wards Area


5

Figure 3:Ranirbazar Population Density

Figure 4: Ranirbazar Total Male Population


6

Figure 5: Ranirbazar Total Female Population

Figure 6: Ranirbazar Sex Ratio


7

Figure 7: Ranirbazar Work Population

Figure 8: Ranirbazar Literacy Rate


8

Figure 9: Ranirbazar Literacy Rate

Figure 10: Ranirbazar Female Literacy Rate


9

Figure 11: Ranirbazar Male Illiteracy Rate

Figure 12: Ranirbazar Female Illiteracy Rate


10

1.3 Topography



Atharamura, Longtharai and Shakhan, to the Jampui Hills in the east.

1.4 Climate

The Ranir Bazar lies on 21m above sea

level Ranir Bazar's climate is classified

as tropical. In winter, there is much less

rainfall in Ranir Bazar than in summer.

The Köppen-Geiger climate

classification is Aw. The temperature

here averages 25.4 °C | 77.7 °F. In a

year, the rainfall is 2117 mm | 83.3

inch.

At an average temperature of 28.5 °C |

83.3 °F, September is the hottest month

of the year. January has the lowest

average temperature of the year. It is

18.7 °C | 65.7 °F.

1.5 Rainfall

Precipitation is the lowest in December, with an average of 3 mm | 0.1 inch. With an average

of 454 mm | 17.9 inch, the most precipitation falls in June.

Figure 13: Average Temperature of Ranirbazar

Figure 14: Average weather by month of Ranirbazar


11









































of 50m to 200m.







12


















ppm.




Analysed

Fall Of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

North Tripura 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

South Tripura 2 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00


Analysed

Rise of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 2 50.0 2 50.0 0 0.00

North Tripura 2 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 0.00

South Tripura 3 1 33.3 2 66.7 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 4 40.0 6 60.0 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 8 42.11 11 57.89 0 0.00


13





























health hazards.





14



Pond/ Natural

Drainage

Ground Water

Recharge


Line SWTP

Rooftop

Recharge Bore well

Courtyard Road


Existing Decadal



Drainage Disposal





System

Study Existing and

Proposed

Design of Materials

BOQ sheet / Block

Costing


Ground

Verification

Yes

No


15

8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Ranirbazar



system:







soil, water level.










16




operation.





10.0 Objective

Development of Storm water Management of Ranirbazar




sewage connection


spaces


motorized transport







1. In many part of Ranirbazar the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB



2. Drainage network of the Ranirbazar is not constructed properly which causes water

logging in many places of the Ranirbazar.






Ranirbazar. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small


waterlogging.





17




7. In outer part of Ranirbazar, some people have constructed their own houses in






1




Mohanpur

Prepared By:




2

1.0 Introduction

Mohanpur is a Town in Madhupur Block in West Tripura District of Tripura State, India. It is

located 20 KM towards North from District head quarters Agartala. It is a Block head quarter.


3

1.1 Demographics :


Town Name Mohanpur

Civic Type CT

Teshil Name SURJYAMONINAGAR


State Name TRIPURA


















4





2.0 Topography

Geography. Madhupur is at24.26°N 86.65°E. It has an average elevation of 228 metres (748

ft). Madhupur is surrounded by two monsoon rivers, Pathro Nadi and Jayanti Nadi.

3.0 Climate

The Madhupur lies on 252m above sea level In Madhupur, the climate is warm and

temperate. In winter, there is much less rainfall than in summer. According to Köppen and

Geiger, this climate is classified as Cwa. The temperature here averages 25.5 °C.

4.0 Rainfall

According to Köppen and Geiger, this climate is classified as Cwa. The temperature here

averages 25.5 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1189 mm.























5




















of 50m to 200m.










Analysed

Fall Of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

North Tripura 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

South Tripura 2 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00


Analysed

Rise of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 2 50.0 2 50.0 0 0.00

North Tripura 2 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 0.00

South Tripura 3 1 33.3 2 66.7 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 4 40.0 6 60.0 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 8 42.11 11 57.89 0 0.00


6















ppm.





























7




health hazards.






Pond/ Natural

Drainage

Ground Water

Recharge


Line SWTP

Rooftop

Recharge Bore well

Courtyard Road


Existing Decadal



Drainage Disposal





System

Study Existing and

Proposed

Design of Materials

BOQ sheet / Block

Costing


Ground

Verification

Yes

No


8

Dharmanagar8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Mohanpur


9



system:







soil, water level.












operation.





10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Mohanpur




sewage connection


spaces


motorized transport







10


1. In many part of Mohanpur the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and



2. Drainage network of the Mohanpur is not constructed properly which causes water

logging in many places of the Mohanpur






Mohanpur. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small


waterlogging.







7. In outer part of Mohanpur, some people have constructed their own houses in






1




Bishalgarh

Prepared By:




2


Bishalgarh is a major town located in the Sepahijala district, Tripura, India.

Figure 1: Location Map of Bishalgarh


3

1.2 Demographics :


Town Name Bishalgarh

Civic Type NP



State Name TRIPURA

















4






Total Number of Wards in Bishalgarh =19 Wards


5

Figure 2: Bishalgarh Wards Area

Figure 3: Bishalgarh Population Density

Figure 4: Bishalgarh Total Male Population


6

Figure 5:Bishalgarh Total Female Population

Figure 6: Bishalgarh Sex Ratio


7


8

Figure 7: Bishalgarh Work Population

Figure 8: Bishalgarh Literacy Rate


9

Figure 9: Bishalgarh Male Literacy Rate

Figure 10: Bishalgarh Female Literacy Rate

Figure 11: Bishalgarh Male Illiteracy Rate

Figure 12: Bishalgarh Female Illiteracy Rate


10

2.0 Topography

West Tripura District is one of four administrative district of Tripura with its headquarters at

Agartala. West Tripura district is Surrounded by Bangladesh in the north and west by North

Tripura District in the east and by South Tripura District in the south. Tripura became a full

fledged state in January1972.For better attention of problems of land and tenancies,for

accelerating thepace of development,Tripura was divided into four districts.Main languages

spoken in the district are Bengali Language, Kokborok language and Manipuri language.

Geographically the state is a part of Purvanchal (Eastern Montains) and the region represents

a low lying plain pierced by a series of low drawn spars projecting from the lugai / Mizor

hills. It is actually part of the surma valley, built up by river borne detritus materials. There

are six prominent hill ranges running parallel from north to south and keeping an average

distance of about 20 kms fromeach other. From East to West these ranges are:

Jampui,Kakhautang, Longthorai,Atharamura,Sardaug,Baramura

3.0 Climate

In Bishalgarh , the wet season is hot, oppressive, and mostly cloudy and the dry season is

warm and mostly clear. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies

from 52°F to 91°F and is rarely below 47°F or above 96°F.

4.0 Rainfall

Average annual rainfall in the district is about 2000 mm and the temperature varies between a

maximum of 35.23 and a minimum of 7.43 Celsius.

















11


























of 50m to 200m.








Analysed

Fall Of Water Table

0-

2m Percentage 2-


Dhalai 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

North Tripura 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

South Tripura 2 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00


Analysed

Rise of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 2 50.0 2 50.0 0 0.00

North Tripura 2 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 0.00

South Tripura 3 1 33.3 2 66.7 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 4 40.0 6 60.0 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 8 42.11 11 57.89 0 0.00


12

















ppm.






















13











health hazards.






Pond/ Natural

Drainage


Line SWTP

Rooftop

Courtyard Road


Existing Decadal



Drainage Disposal





System

Study Existing and

Proposed

Design of Materials

BOQ sheet / Block

Costing


Ground

Verification

Yes

No


14

8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Bishalgarh


15



system:







soil, water level.












operation.





10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Bishalgarh




sewage connection


spaces


motorized transport


16







1. In many part of Bishalgarh the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB



2. Drainage network of the Bishalgarh is not constructed properly which causes water

logging in many places of the Bishalgarh.






Bishalgarh. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small


waterlogging.







7. In outer part of Bishalgarh, some people have constructed their own houses in






1




Melaghar

Prepared By:




2


Melaghar is a village in Sipahijala district in the Indian state of Tripura, situated about 50 km

(approx. 30 mi) from capital Agartala. It is a neighbour to Sonamura and only 10 km (6

miles) away from the Bangladesh international border. The area contains a hospital, police

station, a few major higher secondary and primary schools, motorstand, petrol-pump, cell-

phone towers and a town hall. The famous Neermahal is situated in the middle of Rudrasagar

Lake in this village. Also famous Veeramma Kali Temple built by Famous T. veeramani

thirumeni, project manager at BBR(India) PVT LTD, from Karaikkudi, Tamil Nadu, India.

Figure 1: Location Map of Melaghar


3

1.2 Demographics :


Sub District Name Melaghar

State Name Tripura

District Name West Tripura



















4



1.3 Topography











1.4 Climate

Melaghar has a tranquil climate most of the

year. However, summertime can be excessively

hot, dry, humid, and interspersed with rains and

thunderstorms. Winter generally starts towards

the end of November and lasts until February,

where the temperatures can reach very low

conditions.

1.5 Rainfall

Melaghar has a

tropical climate. The

summers are much rainier

than the winters in Melaghar.

The Köppen-Geiger climate

classification is Aw.

The average

temperature in Melaghar is

25.5 °C | 77.8 °F. The rainfall

here is around 2285 mm |

90.0 inch per year.

Figure 13: Average Temperature of Melaghar

Figure 14: Average weather by month of Melaghar


5









































of 50m to 200m.







6


















ppm.




Analysed

Fall Of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

North Tripura 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

South Tripura 2 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00


Analysed

Rise of Water Table

0-

2m Percentage 2-


Dhalai 4 2 50.0 2 50.0 0 0.00

North Tripura 2 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 0.00

South Tripura 3 1 33.3 2 66.7 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 4 40.0 6 60.0 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 8 42.11 11 57.89 0 0.00


7





























health hazards.





8



Pond/ Natural

Drainage

Ground Water

Recharge


Line SWTP

Rooftop

Recharge Bore well

Courtyard Road


Existing Decadal



Drainage Disposal



Water Design flow



System

Study Existing and

Proposed

Design of Materials

BOQ sheet / Block

Costing


Ground

Verification

Yes

No


9

8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Melaghar


10



system:







soil, water level.












operation.





10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Melaghar




sewage connection


spaces


motorized transport







11


1. In many part of Melaghar the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and



2. Drainage network of the Melaghar is not constructed properly which causes water

logging in many places of the Melaghar.






Melaghar. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small


waterlogging.







7. In outer part of Melaghar, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered






1




Sonamura

Prepared By:




2


Sonamura India is a town and the headquarter of Sonamura Subdivision in Sipahijala district

in the Indian state of Tripura. It lies on the border with Bangladesh, to the east of Comilla. It

contains a hospital, police station, jail, and a town hall.

Figure 1: Location Map of Sonamura


3

1.2 Demographics :


Town Name Sonamura

Civic Type NP

Tehsil Name WEST TRIPURA


State Name TRIPURA

















4






Total Number of Wards in Sonamura =11 Wards

Figure 2: Sonamura Wards Area


5


6

Figure 3: Sonamura Population Density

Figure 4: Sonamura Total Male Population


7

Figure 5: Sonamura Total Female Population

Figure 6: Sonamura Sex Ratio


8

Figure 7:Sonamura Work Population

Figure 8:Sonamura Literacy Rate


9

Figure 9: Sonamua Male Literacy Rate

Figure 10: Sonamura Female Literacy Rate


10

Figure 11: Sonamura Male Illiteracy Rate

Figure 12: Sonamura Female Illiteracy Rate


11

2.0 Topography

West Tripura District is one of four administrative district of Tripura with its headquarters at

Agartala. West Tripura district is Surrounded by Bangladesh in the north and west by North

Tripura District in the east and by South Tripura District in the south. Tripura became a full

fledged state in January1972.For better attention of problems of land and tenancies,for

accelerating thepace of development,Tripura was divided into four districts.Main languages

spoken in the district are Bengali Language, Kokborok language and Manipuri language.

Geographically the state is a part of Purvanchal (Eastern Montains) and the region represents

a low lying plain pierced by a series of low drawn spars projecting from the lugai / Mizor

hills. It is actually part of the surma valley, built up by river borne detritus materials. There

are six prominent hill ranges running parallel from north to south and keeping an average

distance of about 20 kms fromeach other. From East to West these ranges are:

Jampui,Kakhautang, Longthorai,Atharamura,Sardaug,Baramura

3.0 Climate

Sonamura, India visibility is going to be around 10 km i.e. 6 miles and an atmospheric

pressure of 1014 mb. The daytime temperature is going to reach 28 °c and the temperature is

going to dip to 17 °c at night. It will be dry with no precipitation and cloud covering 6% of

the sky, the humidity will be around 41%.

4.0 Rainfall

Average annual rainfall in the district is about 2000 mm and the temperature varies between a

maximum of 35.23 and a minimum of 7.43 Celsius.


12









































of 50m to 200m.







13


















ppm.




Analysed

Fall Of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

North Tripura 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

South Tripura 2 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00


Analysed

Rise of Water Table

0-

2m Percentage 2-


Dhalai 4 2 50.0 2 50.0 0 0.00

North Tripura 2 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 0.00

South Tripura 3 1 33.3 2 66.7 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 4 40.0 6 60.0 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 8 42.11 11 57.89 0 0.00


14





























health hazards.





15



Pond/ Natural

Drainage

Ground Water

Recharge


Line SWTP

Rooftop

Recharge Bore well

Courtyard Road


Existing Decadal



Drainage Disposal





System

Study Existing and

Proposed

Design of Materials

BOQ sheet / Block

Costing


Ground

Verification

Yes

No


16

8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Sonamura



system:







soil, water level.












17


operation.





10.0 Objective

Development of Storm water Management of Sonamura




sewage connection


spaces


motorized transport







1. In many part of Sonamura the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and



2. Drainage network of the Sonamura is not constructed properly which causes water

logging in many places of the Sonamura.






Sonamura. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small


waterlogging.








18

7. In outer part of Sonamura, some people have constructed their own houses in






1




Udaipur

Prepared By:




2

1.0 Introduction

Udaipur formerly known as Rangamati, is the third biggest city in the Indian state of Tripura.

The city was a former capital of the state during the reign of the Maharajas. This city is

famous for the Tripura Sundari temple also known as Tripureswari temple. It is also the

headquarters of Gomati district. Udaipur is about 51 km from Agartala, the capital of Tripura.

Figure 1: Location Map of Udaipur


3

1.1 Demographics :


Town Name Udaipur

Civic Type NP

Teshil Name SOUTH TRIPURA

District Name SOUTH TRIPURA

State Name TRIPURA


Total Area 8.6 (Ha)















4






Total Number of Wards in Udaipur =19 Wards

Figure 2: Udaipur Wards Area


5

Figure 3: Udaipur Population Density

Figure 4: Udaipur Total Male Population


6

Figure 5: Udaipur Total Female Population

Figure 6: Udaipur Sex Ratio


7

Figure 7: Udaipur Work Population

Figure 8: Udaipur Literacy Rate


8

Figure 9: Udaipur Male Literacy Rate

Figure 10: Udaipur Female Literacy Rate


9

Figure 11: Udaipur Male Illiteracy Rate

Figure 12: Udaipur Female Illiteracy Rate


10

2.0 Topography

Physiographically, the area can be divided into two parts, Anticlinal Hill Ranges and

Synclinal flat-bottomed valleys. The major hill ranges are Baramura and Atharamura. The

trendMof the hill ranges is almost N – S. The height of the hill ranges increases from west to

east. The broad synclinal valleys are Udaipur and Amarpur. The valleys are gently undulating

with intermittent flood plains of rivers and streams. The undulations formed by 10 to 30 m

high mounds with gullies in between them, locally called “loonga.

3.0 Climate

The Udaipur lies on 29m above sea level

Udaipur has a tropical climate.This climate is

considered to be Aw according to the Köppen-

Geiger climate classification. The temperature

here averages 25.4 °C | 77.7 °F. In a year, the

rainfall is 2020 mm | 79.5 inch.

4.0 Rainfall

Summer: Summers in Udaipur gets quite uncomfortable with humidity increasing and

temperatures soaring. The summer starts by March and lasts till the end of May and

early June. The maximum temperature recorded in Udaipur is 35 degrees Celsius. The

humidity makes it difficult to travel around and isn’t the best time to travel to the lake

city.

Monsoon: The monsoon months in Udaipur are from May up to October. The south-

west monsoons results in rainfall in Udaipur and it starts from mid-May. If you want

to visit Udaipur during the monsoons, you have to carry umbrellas with you.

Winter:

Winters are mild in

Udaipur like most of

Tripura. The minimum

temperature recorded

in Udaipur is 7 degrees

Celsius. Light

woollens as protection

are enough to

safeguard oneself from

the winters here. The

winter months lasts

from October end to

February. It is one of

the best times to visit

Udaipur.

Figure 13: Average Temperature of Udaipur

Figure 14: Average weather by month of Udaipur


11





mounds) area, younger soils or river valley soils are found along all major river courses,

clayey soils are found in paddy fields. Apart from these, sandy loam, clayey loam and loamy



Ground water resources for year 2004-05 were estimated by the GEC’97 methodology.

During resource estimation, the smallest administrative unit i.e., Block is taken as the unit of

computation. The main source of ground water recharge in the district is precipitation. Other

sources of ground water recharge in the area are return flow from irrigation and seepage from

ponds / tanks. Recharge from rainfall in the area accounts for 90% of the total annual

recharge. Comparison of monsoon and non-monsoon rainfall recharge shows that monsoon

recharge accounts for 57% and non-monsoon recharge accounts for 43% of total rainfall

recharge. Ground water in the area is mostly used for domestic and irrigational purposes.

Groundwater draft for industrial purpose is negligible and has not been considered. Net

ground water available in the district is 587.5 mcm and ground water draft for all uses is

41.86 mcm. Ground water draft for irrigation and drinking purposes accounts for 57% and

43% of total ground water draft respectively





Analysed

Fall Of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

North Tripura 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

South Tripura 2 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00


Analysed Rise of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 2 50.0 2 50.0 0 0.00

North Tripura 2 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 0.00

South Tripura 3 1 33.3 2 66.7 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 4 40.0 6 60.0 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 8 42.11 11 57.89 0 0.00


12



from shallow and deeper aquifers.

Suitability of Ground Water for Drinking and Domestic Use:

Ground water quality in the area is potable and range of all the chemical constituents are

within the permissible limit set by BIS (1991), except iron. In phreatic aquifer pH values of

the ground water ranges from 6.94 to 7.01 and EC values ranges from 75 to 447. Fluoride

content in ground water from phreatic aquifer ranges from BDL to 0.44 ppm. The content of

iron in ground water from phreatic aquifer ranges from 0.08 to 0.65 ppm and in deeper

aquifer it ranges from 0.50 to 3.66 ppm.

Suitability of Ground Water for Irrigation Use:

In general, ground water in the area is suitable for irrigation purpose, except concentration of

iron is higher than permissible limit.



wells and RCC wells etc. for drinking, domestic and irrigation purposes. These structures are


water. In addition to that, there are more 2000 shallow tube wells which are auto flow in

nature drawing ground water in the districts.

Drinking water scenario

In urban areas water supply is done mainly from surface water sources, except in

Amarpur. But in rural areas, deep tube wells and shallow tube wells fitted with suitable

pumps provide drinking water to villagers. Water is being supplied directly from deep tube

wells without any treatment and certain places water is supplied after iron removal where

ever the iron concentration is beyond permissible limit There are 309 deep tube wells, 38

shallow tube wells 1709 RCC wells in the district. In addition there are 2 surface water

treatment plants in the district. As on 31-03-2008, out of 2406 habitations, 971 are fully

covered, 718 are partially covered and 717 are uncovered so for.

Irrigation scenario

Ground water is being developed for irrigation purposes through deep tubewells, shallow

tubewells fitted with pump sets (both electric and diesel pumps) and artesian wells. The use

of dug wells for irrigation purpose is negligible. In Bagafa, Satchand Matabari, Kakraban,

Killa and 10 Rajnagar blocks some paddy fields are irrigated through artesian wells. The

maximum use of ground water for irrigation purposes is in Bagafa block while in Karbook

block the use of ground water for irrigation is nil.


In the area, the scope for artificial recharge is minimal because water level in the major part

of the district lies between 2 – 5 mbgl. As the area receives about 2055mm of annual rainfall


harvesting structures small and medium sized check dams can be constructed.


13


Water Quality problems

Ground water from deeper aquifer of the area is characterized by a generally high iron

content which ranges from 0.5 to 3.66 ppm. The concentration of iron in ground water is


1ppm. The iron concentration in water from open well is comparatively less than that of

tubewells. This is due to the fact that the scope of aeration is more in open wells allowing the





to avoid any health hazards.

Drilling Problems

In the district shallow tubewells are drilled manually. It is reported that construction of

shallow tubewells is difficult mainly in the foot-hills and hilly areas of the district due to the

presence of hard shale.



Existing Decadal



Drainage Disposal



Water Design flow



System

Study Existing and

Proposed

Design of Materials

BOQ sheet / Block

Costing


Ground

Verification

Yes

No


14






There are several small to medium sized natural water bodies in the area which serve to

collect, store and eventually discharge the rainwater into the tributaries which finally fall into

river or percolate the runoff into the ground over a period of time. Proper planning for a

storm water drainage system is crucial considering increased runoff as the paved area would

increase after the proposed development.

Pond/ Natural

Drainage

Ground Water

Recharge


Line SWTP

Rooftop

Recharge Bore well

Courtyard Road

Figure 15: Existing condition of drainage system Udaipur


15

8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Udaipur


The most of the area is semi paved and thus at present, most of the rainfall which falls

on this area infiltrates into ground. But once this area is developed, the major portion

of the rainfall will not find its way to the underground water and thus get filled in the

low lying areas. Therefore, the conveyance of this rainfall to the proper outfall is a

necessity.



system:







soil, water level.




16










operation.





10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Udaipur




sewage connection


spaces


motorized transport







1. In many part of Udaipur the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and



2. Drainage network of the Udaipur is not constructed properly which causes water

logging in many places of the Udaipur.






Udaipur. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small


17


waterlogging.







7. In outer part of Udaipur, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered






1




Amarpur

Prepared By:




2

1.0 Introduction

Figure 1: Location Map of Amarpur


3

1.1 Demographics :


Town Name Amarpur

Civic Type NP



State Name TRIPURA


















4





Total Number of Wards in Udaipur =11 Wards

Figure 2: Amarpur Wards Area


5

Figure 3: Amarpur Population Density

Figure 4: Amarpur Total Male Population


6

Figure 5:Amarpur Total Female Population

Figure 6: Amarpur Sex Ratio


7

Figure 7: Amarpur Work Population

Figure 8: Amarpur Literacy Rate


8

Figure 9: Amarpur Male Literacy Rate

Figure 10: Amarpur Female Literacy Rate


9

Figure 11: Amarpur Male Illiteracy Rate

Figure 12: Amarpur Female Illiteracy Rate


10

2.0 Topography







3.0 Climate

The temperatures are highest on average in May, at around 28.2 °C | 82.8 °F. January is the

coldest month, with temperatures averaging 18.9 °C | 66.0 °F.

4.0 Rainfall

The least amount of rainfall occurs in December. The average in this month is 5 mm | 0.2

inch. Most of the precipitation here falls in June, averaging 457 mm | 18.0 inch.

Figure 13: Average Temperature of Amarpur

Figure 14: Average weather by month of Amarpur


11






















12
























Analysed

Fall Of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

North Tripura 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

South Tripura 2 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00


Analysed

Rise of Water Table

0-

2m Percentage 2-


Dhalai 4 2 50.0 2 50.0 0 0.00

North Tripura 2 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 0.00

South Tripura 3 1 33.3 2 66.7 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 4 40.0 6 60.0 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 8 42.11 11 57.89 0 0.00


13










Irrigation scenario
























Drilling Problems





14



Pond/ Natural

Drainage

Ground Water

Recharge


Line SWTP

Rooftop

Recharge Bore well

Courtyard Road


Existing Decadal



Drainage Disposal





System

Study Existing and

Proposed

Design of Materials

BOQ sheet / Block

Costing


Ground

Verification

Yes

No


15

8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Amarpur


16



system:







soil, water level.












operation.





10.0 Objective





sewage connection


spaces


motorized transport







17


1. In many part of Amarpur the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and



2. Drainage network of the Amarpur is not constructed properly which causes water

logging in many places of the Amarpur.






Amarpur. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small


waterlogging.







7. In outer part of Amarpur, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered






1




Santirbazar

Prepared By:




2

1.0 Introduction

Santirbazar is a town and Municipal Council in South Tripura district, Tripura, India. It is linked with

Agartala (the state capital) by National Highway 8 via Udaipur and Bishramganj.

Figure 1: Location Map of Santirbazar


3

1.1 Demographics :


Town Name Santirbazar

Civic Type NP



State Name TRIPURA


















4





Total Number of Wards in Santirbazar =12 Wards


5

Figure 3: Shantirbazar Population density

Figure 4: Shantirbazar Population density


6

Figure 6: Santirbazar Sex Ratio

Figure 5: Santirbazar Female population


7

Figure 7: Santirbazar Total work population

Figure 8: Santirbazar Total Literacy rate


8

Figure 9: Santirbazar Male Literacy Rate

Figure 10: Santirbazar Female Literacy Rate


9

Figure 11: Santirbazar Male illiteracy Rate

Figure 12: Santirbazar Female illiteracy Rate


10

2.0 Topography







3.0 Climate

The climate in the ares is characterized by moderate temperature and is highly humid in

nature. There are three prominent seasons summers, rainy and winter. The summer season

spans from March to May and is followed by SW monsoon lasting till September. Winter

season starts from November and lasts till the end of February.

4.0 Rainfall

The average annual rainfall for last 35 years (1971 – 2008) of the area is 2055 mm. The

average monsoon rainfall for lat 10 years is 1710 mm. The average nos. of rainy days for last

5 years is 95.






















11
























Analysed

Fall Of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

North Tripura 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

South Tripura 2 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00


Analysed

Rise of Water Table

0-

2m Percentage 2-


Dhalai 4 2 50.0 2 50.0 0 0.00

North Tripura 2 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 0.00

South Tripura 3 1 33.3 2 66.7 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 4 40.0 6 60.0 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 8 42.11 11 57.89 0 0.00


12










Irrigation scenario
























Drilling Problems





13



Pond/ Natural

Drainage

Ground Water

Recharge


Line SWTP

Rooftop

Recharge Bore well

Courtyard Road


Existing Decadal



Drainage Disposal





System

Study Existing and

Proposed

Design of Materials

BOQ sheet / Block

Costing


Ground

Verification

Yes

No


14

8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Santirbazar


15



system:







soil, water level.












operation.





10.0 Objective

Development of Storm water Management of Udaipur




sewage connection


spaces


motorized transport







16


1. In many part of Santirbazar the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB



2. Drainage network of the Santirbazar is not constructed properly which causes water

logging in many places of the Santirbazar.






Santirbazar. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small


waterlogging.







7. In outer part of Santirbazar, some people have constructed their own houses in






1




Belonia

Prepared By:




2

1.0 Introduction

Belonia is a town and Municipal Council in South Tripura district, Tripura, India. It is also

the headquarters of South Tripura District. It is linked with Agartala (the state capital) by

National Highway 8 via Udaipur and also via Rajnagar, Sonamura, Melaghar, and

Bishramganj. Belonia lies on a border with Bangladesh.

Figure 1: Location Map of Belonia


3

1.1 Demographics :


Town Name Belonia

Civic Type NP



State Name TRIPURA

















4






Total Number of Wards in Belonia=17 Wards

Figure 2: Belonia Wards Area


5

Figure 3: Belonia Population Density

Figure 4: Belonia Total Male Population


6

Figure 6: Belonia Sex Ratio

Figure 6: Belonia Total Female population


7

Figure 6: Belonia Total Work Population

Figure 7: Belonia Total Literacy Rate


8

Figure 9: Belonia Male Literacy Rate

Figure 10: Belonia Female Literacy Rate


9

Figure 11: Belonia Male Illiteracy Rate

Figure 12: Belonia Female Illiteracy Rate


10

2.0 Topography







3.0 Climate

The Belonia lies on 20m above sea level The

climate is tropical in Belonia. The summers

here have a good deal of rainfall, while the

winters have very little. This location is

classified as Aw by Köppen and Geiger. The

average temperature in Belonia is 25.5 °C |

77.9 °F. In a year, the rainfall is 2418 mm |

95.2 inch.

4.0 Rainfall

The driest month is December. There is 1 mm | 0.0 inch of precipitation in December. Most

of the precipitation here falls in June, averaging 520 mm | 20.5 inch.

Figure 13: Average Temperature of Belonia

Figure 14: Average weather by month of Belonia


11

























Analysed

Fall Of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

North Tripura 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

South Tripura 2 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00


Analysed Rise of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 2 50.0 2 50.0 0 0.00

North Tripura 2 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 0.00

South Tripura 3 1 33.3 2 66.7 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 4 40.0 6 60.0 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 8 42.11 11 57.89 0 0.00


12





























Irrigation scenario













13













Drilling Problems






Existing Decadal



Drainage Disposal



Water Design flow



System

Study Existing and

Proposed

Design of Materials

BOQ sheet / Block

Costing


Ground

Verification

Yes

No


14



Pond/ Natural

Drainage

Ground Water

Recharge


Line SWTP

Rooftop

Recharge Bore well

Courtyard Road

Figure 15: Existing condition of drainage system Belonia


15

8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Belonia






necessity.



system:







soil, water level.




16










operation.





10.0 Objective





sewage connection


spaces


motorized transport







1. In many part of Belonia the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and as



2. Drainage network of the Belonia is not constructed properly which causes water

logging in many places of the Belonia.






Belonia. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small section

due to which the discharge of drainage may be affected and causes waterlogging.


17







7. In outer part of Belonia, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered






1




Sabroom

Prepared By:




2

1.0 Introduction

Sabroom is a town and a nagar panchayat in South Tripura district in the Indian state of

Tripura. Sabroom is located in the banks of the Feni river, which separates India and

Bangladesh. Most of the people speak in Noyakhali, a dialect of Bengali language.

Figure 1: Location Map of Sabroom


3

1.1 Demographics :


Town Name Sabroom

Civic Type NP

Tehsil Name SOUTH TRIPURA


State Name TRIPURA


















4





Total Number of Wards in Sabroom = 14 Wards

Figure 2: Sabroom Wards Area


5

Figure 3: Sabroom Population Density

Figure 4: Sabroom Total Male Population


6

Figure 5: Sabroom Total Female Population

Figure 6: Sabroom Sex Ratio


7

Figure 7: Sabroom Work Population

Figure 8: Sabroom Literacy Rate


8

Figure 9: Sabroom Male Literacy Rate

Figure 10: Sabroom Female Literacy Rate


9

Figure 11: Sabroom Male Illiteracy Rate

Figure 12: Sabroom Female Illiteracy Rate


10

2.0 Topography







3.0 Climate

The Sabroom lies on 25m above sea level The

climate is tropical in Sabroom. In winter, there is

much less rainfall than in summer. The average

temperature in Sabroom is 25.7 °C. The average

annual rainfall is 2394 mm. With an average of

28.5 °C | 83.3 °F, May is the warmest month. In

January, the average temperature is 19.8 °C | 67.6

°F. It is the lowest average temperature of the

whole year.

4.0 Rainfall

The average temperature in Sabroom is 25.7 °C. The average annual rainfall is 2394 mm. The

driest month is December. There is 3 mm | 0.1 inch of precipitation in December. Most

precipitation falls in June, with an average of 524 mm | 20.6 inch.

Figure 13: Average Temperature of Sabroom

Figure 14: Average weather by month of Sabroom


11

















Ground water draft for industrial purpose is negligible and has not been considered. Net



43% of total ground water draft respectively.





Analysed

Fall Of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

North Tripura 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

South Tripura 2 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00


Analysed

Rise of Water Table

0-

2m

Percentage 2-

4m


Dhalai 4 2 50.0 2 50.0 0 0.00

North Tripura 2 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 0.00

South Tripura 3 1 33.3 2 66.7 0 0.00

West Tripura 10 4 40.0 6 60.0 0 0.00

Total Number

of Sampling

19 8 42.11 11 57.89 0 0.00


12


The analytical results show that there is no considerable difference between quality of

water from shallow and deeper aquifers.

Suitability of Ground Water for Drinking and Domestic Use: Ground water quality in the

area is potable and range of all the chemical constituents are within the permissible limit set

by BIS (1991), except iron. In phreatic aquifer pH values of the ground water ranges from

6.94 to 7.01 and EC values ranges from 75 to 447. Fluoride content in ground water from

phreatic aquifer ranges from BDL to 0.44 ppm. The content of iron in ground water from

phreatic aquifer ranges from 0.08 to 0.65 ppm and in deeper aquifer it ranges from,0.50 to

3.66 ppm.











In urban areas water supply is done mainly from surface water sources, except in Amarpur.

But in rural areas, deep tube wells and shallow tube wells fitted with suitable pumps provide

drinking water to villagers. Water is being supplied directly from deep tubewells without any

treatment and certain places water is supplied after iron removal where ever the iron

concentration is beyond permissible limit. There are 309 deep tube wells, 38 shallow tube

wells 1709 RCC wells in the district. In addition there are 2 surface water treatment plants in

the district. As on 31-03-2008, out of 2406 habitations, 971 are fully covered, 718 are

partially covered and 717 are uncovered so for.

Irrigation scenario





Rajnagar blocks some paddy fields are irrigated through artesian wells. The maximum use of

ground water for irrigation purposes is in Bagafa block while in Karbook block the use of

ground water for irrigation is nil. There are 42 nos. deep tube wells, 660 shallow tube wells

and 2138 artesian wells in the district for irrigation.


13


















Drilling Problems






Existing Decadal



Drainage Disposal





System

Study Existing and

Proposed

Design of Materials

BOQ sheet / Block

Costing


Ground

Verification

Yes

No


14











Pond/ Natural

Drainage

Ground Water

Recharge


Line SWTP

Rooftop

Recharge Bore well

Courtyard Road

Figure 15: Existing condition of drainage system Sabroom


15

8.1 Existing Storm water drainage network of Sabroom






necessity.



system:







soil, water level.


16












operation.





10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Sabroom




sewage connection


spaces


motorized transport







1. In many part of Sabroom the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and



2. Drainage network of the Sabroom is not constructed properly which causes water

logging in many places of the Sabroom.






17


Sabroom. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small


waterlogging.







7. In outer part of Sabroom, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered





Documents

Urban Development Department Government of …...experiences extreme seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.The rainy period of the year lasts for 10 months, from February 1 to December