Urban morphology is the study of a city as human habitat. The study of the physical form of settlements or in other words the structure of the city, is commonly known as urban morphology (although both urban and rural settlements can be analyzed in the same way).

Urban morphology is the study of the physical form of a city, which consists of street patterns, building sizes and shapes, architecture, population density and patterns of residential, commercial, industrial and other uses, among other things.

City form = urban morphology....

Buildings, gardens, streets, parks, and monu-ments, are among the main elements of the morphological analyses. These ele-ments are considered as organisms which are constantly used and trans-formed through time.

Built structures are shaping or being shaped by the open spaces around them. A field of the study which analyses the dynamic state of the city, and the relationship between its elements is termed as urban morphogenesis.

Our knowledge of developing urban forms come from a wide range of disci-plines, including planning, architecture, geography, history and archaeol-ogy. Each discipline has contributed meticulously (in details) researched examples together with ideas for unifying principles of form and its devel-opment.

morphological analysis1. Urban form is defined by three fundamental physical elements: buildings and their related urban spaces, plots and lots and streets.

2. Urban form can be understood at different levels of resolution. Commonly, four are recognized, corresponding to the building/lot, the street/block, the city, and the region.

3. Urban form can only be understood historically since the elements of which it is comprised undergo continuous transformation and replacement.

Form, function and connection among forms for functions can also constitute the component parts of research.

These are present in all studies, whether by geographers or archi-tects, and whether they focus on a medieval, baroque or contem-porary city.

The smallest cell of the city is recognized as the combination of two elements: the individual parcel of land, together with its build-ings and open spaces. The characteristics of the cell define the urban form's shape and density, as well as its actual and potential use over time. Studies show that the characteristics of the cell and its elements reflect not only a time period of history, but the socio-economic conditions present at the time of land develop-ment and building.

Over time these elements are either used differently –

for example, by different social classes- transformed physically, elim-inated or replaced by new forms.

The rate of change in either the function or the form of the cells varies from city to city, but also generally fits into cycles related to the economy and culture.

Building and transformation cycles are important processes to ex-plore for city planning and real estate development purposes, yet are rarely studied in contemporary cities

Plan units or 'tissues' (what Italian!; term tessuto) are groups of buildings, open spaces, lots, and streets, which form a cohesive whole cither because they were built at the same time or within the same constraints, or because they underwent a common process of transformation.

There is a tripod - form, function, and connection among forms for functions - that we must base our methodology. Within the urban evolution;

1. Stages of urban experience are related to the functional life of the town more than to the chronological time of history.

2. Although stages change in the passage of time, physical traits (characteristics) of the city tend to persist, once established, and no city ever denies its past. The initial urban form of the city exist.

3. What change in the cities are particularly the functions undertaken and carried on at various stages in the course of urban evolution.

4. With those changes in function comes a need to adapt the physical form of the town and the process of adaptation is important feature of a town.

5. During this adaptation there is an endless compromise (engage) between form and function. This is the basis of urban evolution.

6. Catastrophe (great disaster) is the main interruption in the course of the growth of towns, eg. the fall of Roman Empire or the plagues (disease) of the Middle ages.

7. The tendency toward continuing growth has made morphologi-cal arid functional dynamism a notable features of cities. In cities we find active experimentation of physical forms (planning and design of buildings and public spaces) and social and economic systems (capitalism in the Middle Ages and socialism in the nine-teenth century).

8. Dynamism has been expressed through the operation of two related processes, that of congregation of forms and activities and that of segregation of forms of activities.

9. The physical growth and increasing complexity of the structure within the city made connectivity among the congregations of buildings, public spaces and activities.

10.Forms, functions and connectivity are the three major compo-nents of the physical structure of the city.