URBAN TRANSPORT SCENARIO OF YANGON, MYANMAR

Ye Thu WinShobhakar Dhakal

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Contents

• Yangon transport sector• Energy and emission from transport sector• Current issues and problems• Future possibility for passenger transport• Institutional and policy barrier • Future direction of mobility

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Background Info

• For FY 2013-2014,GDP = 12,334 Billion Kyats

= 12.3 Billion US$• 22.8% of National GDP

• 7.36 million population

• For Yangon Region

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JICA(2013)

1000 MMK= 1US$

Background Info

4

JICA(2013)

1535 km2

Yangon Transport Sector

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Public Buses

Passenger Cars

Yangon Circular Railway

Taxi

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Past Passenger Vehicle Number Trend

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

2011 2012 2013 2014

Past Passenger Vehicle NumberTrend

GasolinePassenger Cars

DieselPassenger Cars

CNG Passenger Cars

Yangon Transport sector

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Modal share in Yangon in 2009

JICA(2013)

2

84

14

Modal share in 2001

Train Bus Passenger

2

75

23

Modal share in 2014

Train Bus Passenger

Our estimation: Based on survey results and interview on respective authorities

Yangon Transport sector• Before 2011, there was the control of vehicle import• Old model cars over 20 years old cars are not allowed in

Yangon City Development Committee Area (YCDC)• All buses in Yangon are CNG converted vehicles since

2005• Prohibition of motorcycle in YCDC area• No national air quality standard • No vehicle emission control standard• Annual renewal of permits required for motor vehicles

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Structure of Yangon’s passenger transport sector

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Transport Sector

Road

Rail

Passengers

Buses

GasolineDieselCNG

CNG

Diesel

Survey table: vehicle km and fuel efficiency by vehicle types

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annual vehicle km travelled(km)

fuel efficiency (km/l)(km/kg for CNG)

Gasoline Passenger Vehicles 29230 9.24

Diesel Passenger Vehicles 27892 9.26

CNG Passenger Vehicles 54057 11.45

Energy Demand Estimation

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Our estimation: Based on survey results and information from Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development

-

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

2011 2012 2013 2014

TJ

Energy Demand

Diesel TrainCNG BusCNGDieselGasoline

-

0.200

0.400

0.600

0.800

1.000

1.200

1.400

1.600

1.800

Gasoline Diesel CNG CNG Buses Train

GJ/

pass

-km

GJ/pass-km by vehicle type

Emission Estimation

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Based on IPCC Default Emission Factors

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

2011 2012 2013 2014

in k

ilo to

nne

CO2 equivalent emission

CO2 N2O CH4

-

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0.100

0.120

Gasoline Diesel CNG CNG Buses Train

kg/p

ass-

km

kg CO2eq/pass-km by vehicle type

Current Issues and problems• Poor Public Transport System• Traffic congestion

• No enough parking space• Limited road capacity • Undisciplined driving behavior

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0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

population trend(in million)

Increase in demand of private vehicles

Future possibility for passenger transport

• Taxi Management • Introduction of water taxi• Introduction of Bus Rapid Transit System and improving existing bus system

• Improving and expanding circular railways• Road capacity expanding, inner ring and outer ring

• Restraining private transport

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Future possibility for passenger transport

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Inner Ring based on existing circular railways

Upper layer road infrastructureLower layer Train

Outer Ring to support inner ring

Source: Interview with personnel from YCDC

Institutional and Policy Barrier• Institutional arrangement for integrated approach

• Ma Hta Tha (Central Supervisory Committee for Motor Vehicle and Vessels)

• Myanmar Railway• Yangon City Development Committee

• Region Minister For Transport and Communication

• Yangon Road Transport Authority Department (RTAD)

• Yangon Region Public Works and Department of Human Settlements and Housing Development under Ministry of Construction

• Yangon Region Traffic Police under Ministry of Home Affairs

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BUS System

Existing circular railways

Urban Planning

Yangon Region Security and Smooth Transport Supervisory Committee

Urban Planning

Vehicle registering and driving license

Traffic Control and Enforcement and Safety

Seven organizations

Future direction• Modal shift to circular railways

• Improve Bus Network with integrated approach

• Large tax control over vehicles with engine power greater than 2000 CC

• To avoid strong lock-on possibility, transport/urban planning need to consider energy and environmental issue

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References• Google Earth Image• JICA. (2013). A Strategic Urban Development Plan.

Yangon : Japan International Cooperation Agency.• Go-Myanmar.com• Respective government ministries and departments in

Yangon

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