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7/31/2019 US Census Data On Wages And Benefits (October, 2012)
1/28
Wages and benefit s ofAmerican w orkers
70% of employer compensation costsgo to wages; 30% to benefits
Annual wage increases have slowed tobelow 2% in recent years
Employees have greater responsibility
for their benefits than everChoice of plans
Decision to save and invest
Requirement to share the cost 1
7/31/2019 US Census Data On Wages And Benefits (October, 2012)
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How are employer w age andbenefi t dollars spent ?
2
Wages
70%
Supplemental pay(premium pay,
bonuses)
3%
Paid leave
7%
Insurance
8%
Retirement and savings
4%
Legally required
benefits
8%
Share of employer costs for wages and benefits, private industry, June 2012
7/31/2019 US Census Data On Wages And Benefits (October, 2012)
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Wage changes slow ed dur ingrecession; have not recovered
3
0
2
4
6
8
10
82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12
Percent change
Employm ent Cost I ndex, Civilian w orkers,Wages and salaries, 12-m ont h percent change, 1982-2012
Recession
Wages and salaries
Recessions: Jul 1981 - Nov 1982Jul 1990 - Mar 1991Mar 2001 - Nov 2001Dec 2007 - Jun 2009
7/31/2019 US Census Data On Wages And Benefits (October, 2012)
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Recent w age changes averagingbelow 2% per year
4
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
12-month percent change in employer costs for wages, private industry
7/31/2019 US Census Data On Wages And Benefits (October, 2012)
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Wage changes for of f ice andprofessional w orkers
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
12-month percent change in employer costs for wages, private industry
Mgmt, business, finance Office
7/31/2019 US Census Data On Wages And Benefits (October, 2012)
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Wage changes for const ruct ionand service w orkers
6
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
12-month percent change in employer costs for wages, private industry
Construction/extraction Service
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Wage changes for sales w orkers
7
-3
-2
-1
0
1
23
4
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
12-month percent change in employer costs for wages, private industry
Sales
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Wage changes byunion st atus
8
0
1
2
3
4
5
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
12-month percent change in employer costs for wages, private industry
Union Non-union
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Wage changes: pr ivate indust ryand st ate/ local government
9
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
12-month percent change in employer costs for wages
Private State and local government
7/31/2019 US Census Data On Wages And Benefits (October, 2012)
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Wages vary by occupat ionalgroup in private indust ry
$0.00 $10.00 $20.00 $30.00 $40.00
Service
Production/transportation
Sales/office
Construction
Management/professional
All private industry
Wages and salaries by occupation, private industry, June 2012
10
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Wages vary by other factors
$0.00 $10.00 $20.00 $30.00
Union
Nonunion
Full-time
Part-time
1-49 workers
500 or more workers
All private industry
Wages and salaries, private industry, June 2012
11
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Who is offered healt h care
benef it s in private indust ry?
70
94
6757
85 86
67
0
20
40
60
80
100
Private industry Union Nonunion 1-99 employees 100 or more
employees
Goods-producing
industries
Service-providing
industries
Percent of workers with access to medical benefits, private industry,
March 2012
12
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Are w orkers t aking advant age ofhealt h care benefit s?
0
20
40
60
80
100
All Professionalworkers
Service workers Sales/officeworkers
Productionworkers
Lowest 10%wages
Highest 10%wages
Percent of w orkers offered and taking m edical benefit s,private indust ry, March 2012
Plan offered Plan taken13
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Workers are required t o sharecost of healt h care benefi t s
0
20
40
60
80
100
1985 1989 2000 2005 2012
Percent of private industry workers required to contribute for single coverage
Percent of private industry workers required to contribute for family coverage14
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Employers and employees sharecost of healt h benef it
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Single coverage Family coverage
Share of medical premium, private indust ry, March 2012
Employer share Employee share
Averagemonthly
employeepremium $427
15
Averagemonthly
employeepremium $108
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How have healt h planschanged over t ime?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1985 1989 1995 2000 2005 2010
Traditional fee-for-service Health maintenance organization
Preferred provider organization Other
16
Percent of medical plan participants by type of plan, private industry, 1985-2010
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Out -of-pocket healt h care cost s
$0
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
$600
1985 1989 1995 2000 2005 2010
Average individual deductible per year, private
industry
17
$1000 forout of
network
services
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High deduct ible plans:New t ype of healt h care plan
One-in-four participants in privateindustry
More in small establishments Median deductible $1500
Often coupled with health account
Can be used for routine expenses
18
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Who is offered ret irementbenefits?
65
92
6250
8274
38
0
20
40
60
80
100
Privateindustry
Union Nonunion 1-99employees
100 ormore
employees
Full-time Part-time
Percent of workers with access to retirement benefits, private
industry, March 2012
19
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Ret irement plancoverage over t ime
0
20
40
60
80
100
1985 1989 1995 2000 2005 2012
Percent of full-time workers participating in retirement
plans, private industry
Any retirement plan
Traditional pension
Defined contribution, such as 401(k)
20
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Who t akes advant age of401( k) and sim ilar plans?
0
20
40
60
80
100
Private industry Lowest wage
quartile
Second wage
quartile
Third wage
quartile
Highest wage
quartile
Percent of workers offered and taking defined
contribution plans, private industry, March 2012
Benefit offered Benefit taken
21
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How prevalent aret ime-off benefit s?
77 77
61 60
37
0
20
40
60
80
100
Paid vacation Paid holidays Paid sickleave
Paid funeralleave
Paid personalleave
Percent of w orkers offered selected benefit s, pri vateindustry, March 2012
22
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What other benefit sare offered in private indust ry?
57
48
34
16
90
20
40
60
Life insurance Employeeassistanceprogram
Wellnessprogram
Long-termcare
insurance
Subsidizedchild care
Percent of w orkers offered selected benefit s, pri vateindustry, March 2012
23
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Benefit s for st ate and localgovernment w orkers
13
31
52
79
83
87
0 20 40 60 80 100
Subsidized child care
Defined contribution/403(b)
Wellness program
Life insurance
Traditional pension
Health insurance
Percent of w orkers offered selected benefit s, st ateand local government, March 2012
24
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How have benefi t s changedin recent years?
Benefits 1980
Little or no employeechoice or cost
Single health plan basiccoverage plus major
medical
Traditional pension plan
Benefits 2012
Employee must choose;employee must share the
cost
Choice of health plan types HMO, PPO, plus health
account
Defined contribution plan,such as 401(k)
25
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Employer cost s for benefi t s morevolat ile t han w age cost s
26
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
12-month percent change in employer costs for wages and benefits,
private industry
Wages Benefits
Percentchange
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Employer cost s for benef it sinf luenced by health cost s
27
-3
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12
Percent change
12-m ont h percent change in employer costs for t otal benefit s and healt h benefits,private industr y
Health benefits
Total benefits
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Employer compensat ion cost svary by locat ion
Metropolitan
area
Total
compensation
Wages and
salaries
Benefits
San Francisco $41.45 $28.47 $12.98
New York $36.39 $25.04 $11.36
Chicago $32.82 $22.44 $10.38
United States $28.78 $20.25 $8.53
Atlanta $26.05 $18.77 $7.27
Miami $24.12 $17.67 $6.45
Employer costs per hour worked for wages and benefits, private industry, March 2012
28