U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY · sinter deposits formed by the surface deposition of hot-springs water are also common host rocks. Mineralized vein and vein

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Geochemical Data for Environmental Studies of Mercury Mines in Nevada

by

John E. Gray, Monique G. Adams, James G. Crock, and Peter M. Theodorakos

Open-File Report 99-576

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

U.S. Geological Survey, P.O. Box 25046, MS 973, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225-0046

ISBN 0-607-93726-2

1999

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORBruce Babbitt, Secretary

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEYCharles G. Groat, Director

For additional information Copies of this report canwrite to: be purchased from:

Chief Scientist, Central Region Books and Open-File ReportsMineral Resources Program U.S. Geological SurveyU.S. Geological Survey Federal CenterBox 25046, Federal Center Box 25046Denver, CO 80225-0046 Denver, CO 80225-0046

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction......................................................................................................... 4General Geology and Mineralogy................................................................................ 5Sample Collection and Preparation............................................................................. 5Analytical Methods................................................................................................ 6

Solid Sample Analysis....................................................................................... 6Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry..................................... 6Atomic Absorption Spectrometry...................................................................... 7

Water Sample Analysis........................................................................................ 7Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry.................................................... 7Atomic Fluorescence..................................................................................... 8Ion Chromatography..................................................................................... 8Alkalinity by Titration.................................................................................... 8

Description of the Data Tables................................................................................... 8Digital Data.......................................................................................................... 9References............................................................................................................ 9

TABLES

Table 1. Description and production of mercury mines studied............................................ 10Table 2. Limits of determination for sediments, rocks, and calcines by analyzed inductively

coupled plasma-atomic emission Spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry....... 11Table 3. Lower limits of determination for water samples analyzed by inductively coupled

plasma-mass Spectrometry, atomic fluorescence, and ion chromatography.......................... 12Table 4. Geochemical data for sediment and rock samples in the Humboldt River study............. 22Table 5. Geochemical data for calcine samples collected in the Humboldt River study............... 31Table 6. Geochemical data for water samples collected in the Humboldt River study................. 40

FIGURES

Figure 1. Location of the mercury districts studied and samples collected from theHumboldt River and Rye Patch Reservoir............................................................... 13

Figure 2. Location of samples collected from the Eldorado mine in the Imlay District............... 14Figure 3. Location of samples collected from the Dutch Rat mine in the Dutch Rat District....... 15Figure 4. Location of samples collected from the Cahill mine in the Poverty Peaks District ........ 16Figure 5. Location of samples collected from the Goldbanks mine in the Goldbanks District....... 17Figure 6. Location of samples collected from the Silver Cloud mine in the Ivanhoe District......... 18Figure 7. Location of samples collected from the Pershing mine and the Juniper mine in the

Antelope Springs District................................................................................... 19Figure 8. Location of samples collected from the White Peaks mine in the Bottle Creek District... 20 Figure 9. Location of samples collected from the McDermitt mine in the

Opalite District............................................................................................... 21

IntroductionThe primary objective of this study was to determine if weathering of abandoned

mercury mines in Nevada has resulted in any significant effect to surrounding ecosystems. This study is part of a larger U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) project to evaluate the geology, mineral resource potential, and environmental concerns of the Humboldt River Basin, Nevada. Mercury is clearly the primary concern of the mercury mines, but other toxic elements were also evaluated in this study. In this report, we describe the samples collected in 1999 for this study, the methods used for the analysis of the samples, and the geochemical data for these samples.

Mercury is a heavy metal of environmental concern because highly elevated concentrations are toxic to living organisms, and thus, the presence of these abandoned mercury mines is a potential hazard to residents and wildlife when drainage from the mines enters streams and rivers that are part of local ecosystems. Mercury mines in Nevada are part of a broad mercury belt that consists of numerous deposits scattered throughout several tens of thousands of square kilometers, primarily in western and central Nevada (fig. 1). The dominant environmental concern of these mercury mines is inorganic mercury in cinnabar ore and elemental mercury remaining at the mine sites that may potentially erode into streams and rivers. Under certain conditions, inorganic mercury may be converted to organic forms of mercury that are water soluble and can be absorbed by biota in aquatic systems. When organisms are exposed to mercury contamination, mercury generally increases in concentration with increasing trophic position in the food chain (biomagnification).

At the abandoned mercury mines in Nevada, the presence of cinnabar remaining in ore and calcine piles (roasted ore), and any elemental mercury around the mill and retort areas are environmental concerns. For example, in all the districts studied, there is cinnabar visible in the area of the open pit cuts and trenches, ore piles and tailings, as well as in the calcine piles. However, elemental mercury was not observed during the 1999 fieldwork at any mine site in Nevada. Calcines from some deposits contain as much as 2,000 />tg/g Hg, suggesting that processing in the rotary furnaces was not always totally efficient. Detrital cinnabar and cobbles containing cinnabar visible in streams drainages below the mines indicate that mercury present at these sites is eroding down gradient from the mines.

We visited mercury mines in eight districts (fig. 1); these mines were selected for study because they represented variability in mine size (mercury production) and host rock geology (Table 1). We studied districts that are within the Humboldt River Basin including the Imlay, Dutch Flat, Poverty Peaks, Goldbanks, and Ivanhoe districts, but also mines in the Antelope Springs, Bottle Creek, and Opalite districts (figs. 2-9) to evaluate any potential differences of mines in these districts. To evaluate environmental concerns of these mercury mines, we measured the concentration of mercury in cinnabar- bearing ore, calcines, stream-sediment (bed sdiments), and stream-water samples collected proximal to several of the mines. However, due to the lack of surface water in the study area, stream water was collected from only Eldorado Canyon downstream from the Eldorado mine in the Imlay district (fig. 2). In addition, we collected sediment and water samples from several sites along the Humboldt River and the Rye Patch Reservoir to establish regional geochemical baselines (Fig. 1). We also analyzed these samples for

other trace-elements (including As, Bi, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, and Zn) to evaluate any additional heavy-metal contamination related to the mines.

General Geology and MineralogyMercury deposits in Nevada are found in a wide variety of rock types including

sandstone, limestone, chert, granitic rocks, diabase dikes, rhyolitic tuffs and flows, andesites, and metamorphic rocks such as schists and phyllite (Bailey and Phoenix, 1944; Willden, 1964; Johnson, 1977). Ore and gangue minerals are typically found in highly silicified rocks, veins, and vein breccias. One of the most common types of mercury deposit in Nevada is "opalite," which is composed of amorphous and cryptocrystalline quartz including opal. Opalite bodies are typically silicified volcanic tuffs. Siliceous sinter deposits formed by the surface deposition of hot-springs water are also common host rocks. Mineralized vein and vein breccias are common deposit forms in Nevada, especially in sedimentary rocks. Varieties of quartz are the most common gangue, but alunite, gypsum, barite, clay, and carbonate alteration minerals are locally found. The ore mineralogy of these mercury deposits is dominantly cinnabar, with subordinate amounts of metacinnabar, native mercury, calomel, and mercury oxychlorides found in some deposits (Bailey and Phoenix, 1944). Minor amounts of pyrite, marcasite, sphalerite, and stibnite are found with cinnabar ore in a few localities. The mercury deposits in Nevada are generally of Miocene age and are probably related to extensional magmatism (Noble and others, 1988).

Mercury deposits in Nevada were mined between about 1907 and 1991, when the McDermitt mine closed. Mercury mines in Nevada and throughout the United States are not presently operating because of low prices and low demand for mercury, although some minor byproduct mercury is recovered from a few precious metal mines. Historic production from mercury mines in Nevada exceeds 10,0001 (300,000 flasks; 1 flask=76 Ibs), about 90 percent of which has come from the McDermitt mine (Willden, 1964; Johnson, 1977; Noble and others, 1988). At most mines in Nevada, mercury ore was processed on site in small retorts or in large rotary furnaces (Bailey and Phoenix, 1944). Geologic characteristics and mercury production of the districts studied are shown in table 1.

Sample Collection and PreparationOre, stream-sediment, calcines, and stream-water samples were collected in and

around the studied mine sites to evaluate the distribution of mercury and other elements around the sites. Sediment and surface-water samples were also collected from the Humboldt River and the Rye Patch Reservoir to evaluate mercury contents distant from the mines. Stream-sediment samples consisted of channel-bed alluvium. Lake sediment samples were collected along the shoreline of the Rye Patch Reservoir. Sediment samples were composited by collecting material from several localities in the channel, or from several locations just below the waterline for the lake sediments. About 2 kg of stream or lake sediment was screened to minus-10 mesh (2 mm) and collected in a stainless steel gold pan and saved as the sediment sample. Calcine samples collected were grab samples that were not sieved in the field. Prior to analysis, the calcine and stream- and lake-sediment samples were air dried, sieved to minus-80-mesh (0.18 mm), and pulverized to less than 100 mesh (0.15 mm).

Both filtered and unfiltered surface-water samples were collected at each site. All filtered samples were passed through a 0.45 -\im sterile membrane. To minimize contamination during water sample collection, bottles for acidified samples were pre- cleaned for 24 hours in 10 percent hydrochloric acid and all sample bottles were rinsed with site water, and collection was made wearing new, unpowdered vinyl gloves, and using disposable filters and syringes at each site. Water samples collected for analysis included: (1) filtered and unfiltered water for mercury analysis collected in glass bottles and preserved with ultra-pure nitric acid saturated with sodium dichromate, (2) filtered and unfiltered water samples for major and trace cation analysis collected in polypropylene bottles and preserved with ultra-pure nitric acid, (3) an unacidified filtered water sample collected for anion analysis, and (4) an unacidified filtered water sample for measurement of alkalinity. Unacidified water samples were kept in an ice cooler in the field and then refrigerated until analysis.

Stream-water characteristics such as conductivity, pH, temperature, turbidity, and Fe2+ were also measured in the field at each sample site. Conductivity was measured with an Orion model 130 conductivity meter and was recorded in microsiemens per centimeter (/-iS/cm). Temperature (°C) and pH were determined using an Orion model 230A pH meter. Turbidity was measured with a DTR-15CE Scientific, Inc. meter in standard nephelometric turbidity units (NTU). Determination of Fe2+ was made using CHEMetrics colorimetric field test kits and was measured in mg/L.

Analytical MethodsSamples in this study were analyzed by several single-element and multi-element

chemical methods. The sediment and calcine samples were analyzed by XRAL Laboratories of Ontario, Canada, which was contracted by the USGS. The water samples were analyzed by the USGS in Denver, Colorado. Tables 2 and 3 list the elements determined and their limits of determination. A brief description of the methods used is given below. Quality control was addressed with the use of internal (hidden) reference standards, field blanks, and sample site duplicates. Based on analysis of the hidden standards, data precision for the methods used was within 20 percent.

Solid Sample AnalysisInductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometryTwo separate multi-element inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission

spectrometry (ICP-AES) methods were used to measure major, minor, and trace element concentrations in the calcine and sediment samples collected in this study. In the first ICP-AES method, concentrations for 40 elements were determined following decomposition of 0.2 g of sample using a mixture of hydrochloric, nitric, perchloric, and hydrofluoric acids at about 100°C. This procedure is considered to be a total digestion method. The digested sample was aspirated into the ICP-AES discharge where the elemental emission signal was measured simultaneously for the 40 elements. Calibration was performed by standardizing with rock reference materials and a series of multi element solution standards. This method is similar to that described by Briggs (1996).

The calcine and sediment samples were also analyzed by a 10 element ICP-AES method using a widely used extraction technique similar to the procedure described by Motooka (1988). A 1.0 g sample aliquot was digested with a hydrochloric acid-hydrogen

peroxide mixture, which dissolves metals not tightly hound in the silicate lattice of rocks, soils, and stream sediments. The metals were then extracted by a 10 percent aliquot 336- diisobutylketone solution as organic halides. The separated organic phase was pneumatically aspirated into a multichannel ICP instrument where the concentrations of the extracted metals (Ag, As, Au, Bi, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, and Zn) are determined simultaneously. This procedure is a partial digestion, and depending on the type of sample, there may be a significant discrepancy between the proposed value of the reference material and the laboratory value. This is primarily due to the availability of the metal in the sample. Since this is a partial digestion, those metals tightly bound in highly resistant minerals will not be extracted. Elements determined by ICP-AES and their limits of determination are listed in table 2.

Atomic Absorption SpectrophotometryMercury and gold were measured in the calcine and sediment samples collected in

this study by atomic absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Mercury was determined by cold-vapor atomic absorption Spectrophotometry (CVAAS) using a procedure modified from O'Leary and others (1996). A 0.1 g aliquot of sample was digested with a mixture of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, five percent potassium permanganate, and five percent potassium peroxydisuflate in a water bath for one hour. Excess potassium permanganate was reduced with hydroxylamine sulfate solution and then Hg (II) was reduced to Hg° with stannous chloride. The mercury vapor was separated and measured using a LEEMAN PS200 automated mercury analyzer.

Gold was determined in the sediment and calcine samples by AAS after collection by fire assay. An assay fusion consists of heating a mixture of 15 g of finely pulverized sample with about three parts of a flux until the product was molten. One of the ingredients of the flux was a lead compound, which was reduced by other constituents of the flux or sample to metallic lead. The latter collects all the gold, together with silver, platinum metals, and small quantities of certain base metals present in the sample and settles to the bottom of the crucible to form a lead button. The gangue of the ore was converted by the flux into a slag sufficiently fluid so that all particles of lead may settle readily through the molten mass. The choice of a suitable flux depends on the character of the ore. The lead button was cupelled to oxidize the lead leaving behind a dore bead containing the precious metals. The dore bead was then transferred to a test tube, dissolved with aqua regia, diluted to a specific volume and analyzed by AAS. Elements determined by AAS and their limits of determination are listed in table 2.

Water Sample AnalysisInductively Coupled Plasma-Mass SpectrometryWater samples collected in this study were analyzed by a multi-element

inductively coupled plasma-mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique following the method of Lamothe and others (1999). The ICP-MS was calibrated using commercially available multi-element standard solutions in conjunction with one USGS standard reference sample. Samples must be acid-preserved prior to analyses, but no digestion was required for the determination of dissolved elements in aqueous samples. Internal standards were added to compensate for matrix effects and instrumental drift. Element isotopes measured were selected to minimize isobaric overlap from other elements and

molecular species that might be present. Elements determined by ICP-MS and their limits of determination are listed in table 3.

Atomic FluorescenceWater samples were analyzed for mercury by atomic fluorescence (AF) using a

method modified from Kennedy and Crock (1987). Preserved water samples were analyzed directly. Mercury (II) was reduced to mercury gas with hydroxylamine hydrochloride/sodium chloride and stannous chloride in a flow injection system, releasing the gas into an atomic fluorescence detector where concentration was determined. Elements determined by AF and their limits of determination are listed in table 3.

Ion ChromatographyThe anions SC>42~, N(V, F, and Cl" were determined sequentially by ion

chromatography (1C) on filtered water samples using a method modified from d'Angelo and Ficklin (1996). The samples were injected into a DX-120 Dionex Ion Chromatograph where the anions of interest separate through an anion-ion exchange separator column at different rates, depending on the affinity of each species for the ion- exchange resin. The sample then passes into a flow-through conductivity cell where the anions were detected and peak areas were determined. The peak areas of unknown samples were compared with that of five calibration standards for each anion in question to determine sample concentrations. Elements determined by 1C and their limits of determination are listed in table 3.

Alkalinity by TitrationWater samples collected in this study were analyzed for alkalinity in the laboratory

using an Orion 960 Autochemistry System for preset endpoint alkalinity titration. Titrant (0.01 M F^SCU) was added to 50 mL of sample until a pH of 4.5 was reached. Alkalinity was then calculated and reported as mg/L CaCOa.

Description of the Data TablesGeochemical data are given for the sediment and rock samples in table 4, calcine

samples in table 5, and water samples in table 6. Sample numbers in the tables correspond to those in figures 1-9. Field duplicates are numbered with a "D9" prefix in the data tables. Locations taken in the field by GPS are given in latitude and longitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds, as well as in decimal degrees. In the column header, there is an abbreviation for each element determined and the analytical method used as follows: ICP40 (40 element inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry), ICP10 (10 element inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry), CVAAS (cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry), A AS (atomic absorption spectrophotometry), ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry), AF (atomic fluorescence), and 1C (ion chromatography).

Digital Data

The data in this report are also available as digital data on a CD-ROM in Gray and others (1999). The CD-ROM contains the geochemical data for the samples collected in this study as Excel (.xls) files and the text and figures are in a portable document format (.pdf) file. The geochemical data in this report are also part of the USGS National Geochemical Database in Denver that contains both descriptive geological information and analytical data. This report may also be obtained on the USGS webb site at: greenwood.cr.usgs.gov/pub/open-file-reports/ofr-99-0576/.

ReferencesBailey, E.H., and Phoenix, D.A. 1944, Quicksilver Deposits in Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines, Geology

and Mining Series No. 41, 206 p. Briggs, P.H., 1996, Forty elements by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, in

Arbogast, B.F., editor, Analytical methods manual for the Mineral Resource Surveys Program,U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-525, p. 77-94.

d'Angelo, W.M., and Ficklin, W.H., 1996, Fluoride, chloride, nitrate, and sulfate in aqueous solution bychemically suppressed ion chromatography, in Arbogast, B.F., editor, Analytical methods manualfor the Mineral Resource Surveys Program, U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological SurveyOpen-File Report 96-525, p. 149-153.

Gray, J.E., Adams, M.G., Crock, J.G., and Theodorakos, P.M., 1999, Digital geochemical data forenvironmental studies of mercury mines in Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-576, CD-ROM.

Johnson, M.G., 1977, Geology and mineral deposits of Pershing County, Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Minesand Geology, Bulletin 89, 115 p.

Kennedy, K.R., and Crock, J.G., 1987, Determination of mercury in geological materials by continuousflow, cold-vapor, atomic-absorption spectrophotometry: Analytical Letters, v. 20, p. 899-908.

Lamothe, P.J., Meier, A.L. and Wilson, S., 1999, The determination of forty four elements in aqueoussamples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-FileReport 99-151, 14 p.

Motooka, J.M., 1988, An exploration geochemical technique for the determination of preconcentratedorganometallic halides by ICP-AES: Applied Spectroscopy, v. 42, no. 7, p. 1293-1296.

Noble, D.C., McCormack, J.K., McKee, E.H., Silberman, M.L., and Wallace, A.B., 1988, Time ofmineralization in the evolution of the McDermitt Caldera Complex, Nevada-Oregon, and therelation of Middle Miocene mineralization in the northern Great Basin to coeval regional basalticmagmatic activity: Economic Geology, v. 83, p. 859-863.

O'Leary, R.M., Hageman, P.L., and Crock, J.G., 1996, Mercury in water, geologic, and plant materials bycontinuous flow-cold vapor-atomic absorption spectrometry, in Arbogast, B.F., editor, Analyticalmethods manual for the Mineral Resource Surveys Program, U.S. Geological Survey: U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-525, p. 42-50.

Willden, Ronald, 1964, Geology and mineral deposits of Humboldt County, Nevada: Nevada Bureau ofMines and Geology, Bulletin 59, 154 p.

Table 1. Description and production of mercury mines studied.

District

Imlay

Dutch Flat

Ivanhoe

Goldbanks

Bottle Creek

Mines Studied

Eldorado (Blackjack)

Dutch Flat

Host Rocks

Poverty Peaks Cahill

Silver Cloud

Goldbanks

White Peaks

Antelope Springs Pershing and Juniper

Approximate Mercury Production Per District

Veins in Triassic limestone and shale

Veins in Paleozoic schist and phyllite cut by Tertiary granodiorite

Veins in Paleozoic and Triassic limestone and sandstone, and opalite altd volcanic rx

Opalite altered Tertiary volcanic tuff

Opalite altered Tertiary volcanic tuff and breccia

Veins in Paleozoic and Triassic tuffs and sandstone and Tertiary diabase dikes

Opalite McDermitt

Veins in Triassic limestone, dolomite conglomerate, and shale

Opalite altered Tertiary volcanic tuffs

800 flasks

90 flasks

600 flasks

>2,000 flasks

2,700 flasks

4,500 flasks

12,500 flasks

270,000 flasks

10

Table 2. Limits of determination for sediments, rocks, and calcines by analyzed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS).

Reporting limits for the 40 element ICP-AES method

ElementAluminum, AlCalcium, CaIron, FePotassium, KMagnesium, MgSodium, NaPhosphorous, PTitanium, TiSilver, AgArsenic, AsGold, AuBarium, BaBeryllium, BeBismuth, BiCadmium, CdCerium, CeCobalt, CoChromium, CrCopper, CuEuropium, EuGallium, GaHolmium, HoLanthanum, LaLithium, LiManganese, MnMolybdenum, MoNiobium, NbNeodymium, NdNickel, NiLead,PbScandium, ScTin, SnStrontium, SrTantalum, TaThorium, ThUranium, UVanadium, VYttrium, YYtterbium, YbZinc, Zn

Lower Limit0.005%0.005%0.02%0.01%0.005%0.005%0.005%0.005%2/tg/g

10/ig/g8/tg/glMg/g1 Mg/g

50/ig/g2/tg/g5/tg/g2/tg/g2/tg/g2/tg/g2/ig/g4/ig/g4/tg/g2/tg/g2Mg/g4/tg/g2/tg/g4/ig/g9/tg/g3/ig/g4 /*g/g2/tg/g

50/ig/g2/tg/g

40/tg/g6/tg/g

100/tg/g2/tg/g2/tg/g1 Mg/g2/tg/g

Upper limit50% 50% 25% 50% 5%

50% 50% 25%

10,000 jtgfg 50,000 ngfg 50,000 jtgfg 35,000 ngfg

5,000 uglg 50,000 ngfg 25,000 jtgfg 50,000 jtgfg 25,000 ng/g 25,000 jtgfg15,000 jig/g5,000 ngfg

50,000 jtgfg5,000 jtgfg

50,000 ng/g50,000 uglg50,000 jtgfg50,000 fig/g50,000 /tg/g50,000 /tg/g50,000 ng/g

100,000 /tg/g50,000 uglg50,000 /tg/g15,000 jig/g50,000 itgfg50,000 /tg/g

100,000 /tg/g30,000 uglg25,000 /tg/g

5,000 jtgfg75,000 /tg/g

Reporting limits for the 10 element ICP-AES method:

ElementSilver, Ag Arsenic, As Gold, Au Bismuth, Bi Cadmium, Cd Copper, Cu Molybdenum, Mo Lead,Pb Antimony, Sb Zinc, Zn

Lower limit Otg/g) 0.08 1.0 0.10 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.10 1.0 1.0 0.05

Upper limit (/tg/g)400

6,000 1,500 6,000

500500900

6,000 6,000

500

Reporting limits for the AAS methods:

ElementGold, Au Mercury, Hg

Lower limit0.005 jig/g 0.020 jig/g

Upper limit10 uglg 10%

11

Table 3. Lower limits of determination for water samples analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), atomic fluorescence (AF), and ion chromatography (1C).

Reporting limits for the ICP-MS method:+

Element Lower limitSilver, Ag 0.01 jig/LAluminum, Al 0.2 /ig/LArsenic, As 3 /ig/LBarium, Ba 0.1/ig/LBeryllium, Be 0.05 /*g/LCalcium, Ca 0.05 mg/LCadmium, Cd 0.02 (ig/LCobalt, Co 0.02 /ig/LChromium, Cr I (ig/LCopper, Cu 0.5 fig/LIron, Fe 30 /ig/LPotassium, K 0.03 mg/LMagnesium, Mg 0.01 mg/LManganese, Mn 0.01 /ig/LSodium, Na 0.01 mg/LNickel, Ni 0.1 /ig/LLead, Pb 0.05 fig/LAntimony, Sb 0.1 /ig/LThallium, Tl 0.05 fig/LVanadium, V 0.1 /ig/LZinc, Zn 0.5 /ig/L

Reporting limits for the AF method:

Element Lower limitMercury, Hg 0.005 fig/L

Reporting limits for the 1C method:

Element Lower limit (mg/L)Chloride, Cr 0.1Fluoride, F 0.1Nitrate, NO3- 0.1Sulfate, SO42- 2.0

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99PERS2*S

' <99PERS1 A99PERTL1

v 45orr

- 40° 10'

40° 07'30"118°07'30"

IMile

1 Kilometer

Figure 1. Location of samples collected from the Pershing mine and the Juniper (Nevada Quicksilver) mine in the Antelope Springs District.

19

NJ

O

%;

,",('

'< /x

/2W

,j f

M'.*

p'

< ,

1 f

' 1

} .

, j|

.

. /

,

s

\"

S

!.

I ti

\

^y^^.^

^, i^

^-^

^y^ ^

'"-&

')')

; >rff

'

. ~-'

V '.'

'' -^

- -,

';/.

' !)

'< )

"\ 11

i )i i

fT'

V r

^f^

~^l

''/

'

'^^^^^^2^^^^^^^

s-

yo-t

eX

/, "

I 'V

'-Js

-'.:*^

-- -

'//

>

'//T

-~

^~

H^S

Û

^fC

- -^

'-//

i w

4br-

^^:^

L3A

-^f^

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G-^

\5ff

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,*,}

stff

ijfir

k'

41°

20'

Figu

re 8

. L

ocat

ion

of sa

mpl

es c

olle

cted

fro

m th

e W

hite

Pea

ks m

ine

in th

e B

ottle

Cre

ek D

istri

ct.

117° 50' '34 117°47'30" 117° 45'

1 Mile

1 Kilometer

Figure 9 . Location of samples collected from the McDermitt mine in the Opalite District.

21

Table 4. Geochemical data for sediment and rock samples collected in the Humboldt River st idy.

Lab No.

C-132069C- 132070C- 132071C- 132072C- 132073C- 132074C- 132075C- 132076C- 132077C- 132078C- 132079C- 132080C- 132081C- 132082C- 132083C- 132084C- 132085C- 132086C- 132087C- 132088C- 132089C- 132090C- 132091C- 132092C- 132093

C- 132094C- 132095C-132096C- 132097C-132098C- 132099C-132100C-132101C-132102C-132103C-132104C-132105C- 132 106C- 132 107

Field No.

99HMB3S99HMB5S99RYP1S99RYP2SD9RYP2S99RYP3S99RYP4S99RYP5S99BJK1S99BJK2S99BJK3S99PERS199PERS299ANTS199ANTS299CAHS199CAHS299BCKS199GLBSln99GLBS2nD9GLBS2n99GLBS3s99GLBS4s99SLVS199SLVS2

99PERore99PERoxl99PERfgl99PERstl99ANTore99BJKcnl99BJKoxl99DFLore99CAHore99CAHor299BCKore99GLBore99McDore99SLVore

Latitude deg. min.

40404040404040404040404040404041414140404040404141

4040404040404041414141404141

4126414242393734313131

7799

2121212929292626

31

88879

3131102020212854

3

sec.

4549122121

02735

5153258593825

01835

5262642124

51

111

5855191938535338575812

Longitude deg. min.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

118118118118118118118118118118118118118118118117117118117117117117117116116

118118118118118118118117117117118117117116

5181517172121191313141010101028281840414140393736

1010101010121229272718404837

sec.

2136

25353

347

1627143227241674

4047

44

20292733

1313132140383822434355403630

WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW

WWWWWWWWWWWWWW

Latitude dec. deg.

40.6958340.4469440.6866740.7058340.7058340.6500040.6241740.5763940.5180640.5208340.5255640.1327840.1330640.1605640.1569441.3500041.3550041.3597240.4847240.4905640.4905640.4450040.4366741.0511141.03083

40.1336140.1336140.1336140.1327840.1652840.5219440.5219441.1772241.3480641.3480641.3605640.4825041.9161141.05333

Longitude dec. deg.

-118.08917-118.31000-118.25056-118.29806-118.29806-118.35083-118.35111-118.31861-118.22111-118.22417-118.23722-118.17556-118.17417-118.17333-118.17111-117.46861-117.46778-118.31111-117.67972-117.68444-117.68444-117.67222-117.65806-116.62417-116.60917

-118.17028-118.17028-118.17028-118.17250-118.17778-118.21056-118.21056-117.48944-117.46194-117.46194-118.31528-117.67778-117.81000-116.62500

22

Table 4. Geochemical data for sediment and rock samples collected in the Humboldt River study.

Lab No.

C- 132069C- 132070C-132071C- 132072C- 132073C- 132074C- 132075C- 132076C-132077C- 132078C- 132079C- 132080C-132081C-132082C- 132083C- 132084C- 132085C- 132086C- 132087C- 132088C- 132089C- 132090C- 132091C- 132092C-132093

Field No.

99HMB3S99HMB5S99RYP1S99RYP2SD9RYP2S99RYP3S99RYP4S99RYP5S99BJK1S99BJK2S99BJK3S99PERS199PERS299 ANTS 199ANTS299CAHS199CAHS299BCKS199GLBSln99GLBS2nD9GLBS2n99GLBS3s99GLBS4s99SLVS199SLVS2

Au-AAS Hg-CVAAS Ag-ICPIO As-ICPIO Au-ICPIO Bi-ICPIO Cd-ICPIOMg/g Mg/g /tg/g /tg/g Mg/g fig/g Mg/g

<0.005<0.005<0.005<0.005<0.005<0.005

0.006<0.005

0.1350.0460.0240.0650.0300.0260.0230.0070.008

<0.0050.009

<0.0050.008

<0.0050.0060.0130.005

0.050.5

0.150.050.060.070.090.09

1.71.4

0.8726123026

1702.01.62.62.23.6

0.240.618

8.8

<0.08<0.08<0.08<0.08<0.08<0.08<0.08<0.08

0.300.200.300.10

<0.080.900.70

<0.08<0.08<0.08<0.08<0.08<0.08<0.08<0.08

0.10<0.08

4.0 <0.19.0 0.210 <0.1

4.0 0.16.0 <0. 1

11 <0.110 <0.1

8.0 <0.152 0.147 <0.163 <0.185 <0.153 <0.199 <0.1

120 <0.151 <0.117 <0.112 <0.131 <0.133 <0.131 <0.117 <0.114 0.1

9.0 <0.15.0 <0.1

<1 0.25<1 0.28<1 0.21<1 0.18<1 0.22<1 0.23<1 0.39<1 0.26<1 ?.4<1 ?.0<1 4.6<1 1.7<1 1.2<1 2.1<1 1.8<1 0.39cl 0.28d 0.21d 0.30d 0.27d 0.27d 0.21d 0.27d 0.38d 0.26

C- 132094C- 132095C- 132096C- 132097C- 132098C- 132099C-132100C-132101C-132102C-132103C-132104C-132105C- 132 106C- 132 107


0.0760.0460.7660.8340.6040.0260.0200.1520.0490.0080.0150.0120.0120.016

150003307.26.63789

25020

28000380780740

6900082

0.30.2

<0.080.127

0.30.1

10.30.1

<0.080.1

<0.08<0.08

624400

710120

4500400

2200800

261118

7.083

6.0

<0.1<0.1

0.71.10.8

<0.10.20.2

<0.1<0.1<0. 1<0.1<0.1<0.1

25<0.05

0.05

24015

2.00.700.29

<0.050.15

<0.050.22

<0.05

23


Lab No. Field No. Cu-ICPIO Mo-ICPIO Pb-ICPIO Sb-ICPIO Zn-ICPIO A1-ICP40 Ca-ICP40ftg/g Mg/g M/g

C- 132069C- 132070C- 132071C- 132072C-132073C- 132074C- 132075C- 132076C- 132077C- 132078C- 132079C- 132080C- 132081C- 132082C- 132083C- 132084C- 132085C-132086C- 132087C- 132088C- 132089C- 132090C- 132091C- 132092C- 132093

C- 132094C- 132095C- 132096C- 132097C- 132098C- 132099C-132100C-132101C-132102C-132103C-132104C- 132 105C-132106C-132107



109.22211131830151615232124394237263127242525271713

282.92115

<0.0547

15027

7.21.5

1003.63.21.4

0.20.71.30.60.50.40.91.08.58.811

1.11.11.81.51.30.80.61.11.11.11.00.90.81.2

0.416

0.70.84.339

1402.90.60.30.70.22.00.4

8.013

7.07.08.08.01414323533

10072

1600920

1814

9.0151514

9.0101312

2301315

110<1.012035301610

8.0 6.06.04.0

<13

<1<1<1

331

111017

12067

190220

7617444422

<1<1

450630

22150

>60006365

81442

<1490

1

451003758605992

140140140180210160210200

73735288848699905384

43018057

>500<0.05>500

3407338

7.01002.33.23.3

6.85.86.96.76.76.86.36.24.34.04.76.66.56.26.4426.67.97.77.37.98.28.27.07.5

0.24.09.50.51.62.71.36.60.80.17.20.20.20.5

2.63.54.02.52.94.74.53.1131313

5.54.36.98.215

1.92.12.22.93.15.34.21.51.8

200.32.919

9.013

1.40.111

0.074.7

0.070.03

0.1

24


Lab No. Field No. Fe-ICP40 K-ICP40 Mg-ICP40 Na-ICP40 P-ICP40 TI-ICP40 Ag-ICP40%%%%%% /ig/g

C- 132069C- 132070C- 132071C- 132072C- 132073C- 132074C- 132075C- 132076C- 132077C- 132078C- 132079C- 132080C- 132081C- 132082C-132083C- 132084C- 132085C- 132086C- 132087C- 132088C- 132089C- 132090C- 132091C- 132092C- 132093

C- 132094C- 132095C-132096C- 132097C- 132098C- 132099C-132100C-132101C- 132 102C-132103C-132104C- 132 105C- 132 106C- 132 107



1.811

1.73.12.82.53.412

2.12.02.32.82.93.33.820

2.52.83.54.04.47.05.02.43.7

0.48.63.70.712

2.520

4.70.5

0.067.3

0.030.5

0.09

2.51.72.42.42.42.11.81.61.31.31.52.01.71.81.914

2.12.32.12.02.11.42.02.12.7

0.20.43.20.20.31.11.42.9

0.380.03

1.50.040.04

0.1

0.81.00.80.81.01.51.21.30.80.80.82.01.91.41.68.31.00.71.21.31.52.31.90.70.8

120.31.412

0.60.30.10.26.3

0.012.1

0.020.010.04

1.61.51.91.71.61.41.21.50.80.70.81.00.70.50.67.91.41.91.51.61.71.82.21.51.6

0.050.260.210.130.050.060.110.10

0.009<0.005

2.30.010.020.08

0.070.110.110.100.080.070.060.060.170.170.220.070.070.070.070.440.060.060.080.080.100.150.130.070.06

0.040.130.080.030.040.080.820.030.02

<0.0050.12

0.0050.0050.005

0.331.2

0.260.740.590.320.341.190.260.240.260.340.320.270.29

2.90.390.460.530.730.81

1.70.870.440.77

0.0060.100.410.030.040.090.040.260.020.29

1.10.540.250.17

<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2

<2<2<2<228<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2

25


Lab No.

C- 132069C- 132070C- 132071C- 132072C- 132073C- 132074C- 132075C- 132076C- 132077C- 132078C- 132079C- 132080C- 132081C- 132082C- 132083C- 132084C-132085C- 132086C- 132087C- 132088C- 132089C- 132090C- 132091C- 132092C- 132093

C- 132094C- 132095C- 132096C- 132097C- 132098C- 132099C-132100C-132101C- 132 102C-132103C-132104C-132105C-132106C-132107

Field No. As-ICP40 Au-ICP40 Ba-ICP40 Be-ICP40 Bi-ICP40 Cd-ICP40 Ce-ICP40Mg/g Mg/g /*g/g Mg/g /*g/g Ag/g Mg/g

99HMB3S99HMB5S99RYP1S99RYP2SD9RYP2S99RYP3S99RYP4S99RYP5S99BJK1S99BJK2S99BJK3S99PERS199PERS299 ANTS 199ANTS299CAHS199CAHS299BCKS199GLBSln99GLBS2nD9GLBS2n99GLBS3s99GLBS4S99SLVS199SLVS2


1516181416212121707071855879

110280

222536434241321518

594100

690110

4200270

1800660

31<10

28<10160<10

<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8

<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8

1100740

130010001000870600640440400450

17001300910

16006800990950

1000960

1000790

2000980

1000

11071

560250190270270740120570650380100550

2<1

223221

<1<1<1

2222

1022322

<1223

<{<1

3<1

1<1<1

2<1<1<1<1

2<1

<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50

<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50

<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2

334

<2<2<2

2<2<2<2<2<2<2

2<2<2<2

296

<24

250157

<2<2<2<2<2<2<2

70210

871601307360

25052334558605155

500805959758972

34082

130

<53191<5271428

1106

<553111638

26


Lab No. Field No. Co-ICP40 O-ICP40 Cu-ICP40 Eu-ICP40 Ga-ICP40 Ho-ICP40 La-ICP40Mg/g ftg/g Mg/g ftg/g ftg/g ftg/g

C- 132069C- 132070C- 132071C- 132072C- 132073C- 132074C- 132075C- 132076C- 132077C- 132078C- 132079C- 132080C- 132081C- 132082C- 132083C- 132084C- 132085C- 132086C- 132087C- 132088C- 132089C- 132090C- 132091C- 132092C- 132093

C- 132094C- 132095C- 132096C- 132097C- 132098C- 132099C-132100C-132101C-132102C-132103C-132104C-132105C- 132 106C-132107


99PERore99PERoxl99PERfgl99PERstl.99ANTore99BJKcnl99BJKoxl99DFLore99CAHore99CAHor299BCKore99GLBore99McDore99SLVore

520

699

101525

87

10131217249312131317183023

912

49

185

134762

<236<2<2<2

255251454851538648596259565059

480595458374378844844

264041

93664693032<23613<2

6

111025121320271523222323223138

260253226302928311919

33<22421

88045

1302311<2

110822

<22

<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2

5<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2

<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2

2<2<2<2

191827202127221521182442242319

170222728253829222126

27<42433<411<41830<424<4

64

<445

<46

<4<4<4<4

55

<4<4<4<4

8<4<4

5<4

85

<46

<4

<45

<4<4<4<4 .<4<4<4<4<4<4<4<4

401104180673732

11028252826272426

220352931303524603861

<21243<2

71626584

<217<2<2

7

27


Lab No. Field No. LI-ICP40 Mn-ICP40 Mo-ICP40 N5-ICP40 Nd-ICP40 NI-ICP40 P5-ICP40/*g/g

C-132069C- 132070C- 132071C- 132072C- 132073C- 132074C- 132075C- 132076C- 132077C- 132078C- 132079C- 132080C- 132081C- 132082C- 132083

C- 132084C- 132085C- 132086C- 132087C- 132088C- 132089C- 132090C- 132091C- 132092C- 132093

C- 132094C- 132095C- 132096C- 132097C- 132098C- 132099C-132100C-132101C- 132 102C-132103C-132104C- 132 105C- 132 106C-132107



332235334166613424242875597675

210373049424632523341

853

220140270

29223916

3154

612

370920370480550470480

1300300290350530550590760

5000610660710860910

12001000620770

56015

350740

23008212

180430

211200

132829

37433439

109

114444

46345454445

<21643

1630

1105

<2<2

6<2

43

720

92514<4

717<4<4<4<4

89

<423

97

118

12174

1831

<49

13<4

7<41414<4<4

678

32

28803352412923912218162019<918

320252124213524432643

<9<932<9<911<939<9<924<9<9<9

141715161722312234344224253339

250242126262941321515

<32450<316825613

8<323<3<3<3

122711151169

20603919

11061

13001100

5877

10101595

1720

2307

16110

6800024

59

<47

<414

512

28

Table 4. Geochemical data for sediment and rock samples collected in the Humboldt River s*udy.

Lab No. Field No. Sc-ICP40 Sn-ICP40 Sr-ICP40 Ta-ICP40 Th-ICP40 U-ICP40 V-ICP40/*g/g Mg/g Mg/g Mg/g Mg/g

C-132069C- 132070C- 132071C-132072C- 132073C- 132074C- 132075C- 132076C- 132077C- 132078C- 132079C- 132080C- 132081C-132082C- 132083C- 132084C- 132085C- 132086C- 132087C- 132088C- 132089C- 132090C- 132091C-132092C- 132093

C- 132094C- 132095C- 132096C- 132097C- 132098C- 132099C-132100C-132101C-132102C-132103C-132104C- 132 105C-132106C-132107



813

89

10101118778

1111111275101113141526198

11

<2<215<2<2

5<210<2<235

3<2

2

<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50

<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50

320290450310310390300290270250280490380400430

1400240330340350380440420280260

1302100940400900120350908615

390201558

<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40

<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40

10120

112616<6<665<6<6<6<6<6<6<678

9<6<6

77

<621

921

<6<6

8<6<6<6<621<6<6<6<6<6<6

<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100

<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100

72390

7012011089

110350230230280

9382

100100730

89100120170190390210

70110

2031

11025

140880

23007919

7360

109

13

29


Lab No. Field No. Y-ICP40 Yb-ICP40 Zn-ICP40/*g/g

Sample Description

C-132069 99HMB3SC- 132070 99HMB5SC-132071 99RYP1SC- 132072 99RYP2SC- 132073 D9RYP2SC- 132074 99RYP3SC- 132075 99RYP4SC-132076 99RYP5SC-132077 99BJK1SC- 132078 99BJK2SC- 132079 99BJK3SC- 132080 99PERS1C-132081 99PERS2C- 132082 99ANTS1C- 132083 99ANTS2C-132084 99CAHS1C- 132085 99CAHS2C- 132086 99BCKS1C- 132087 99GLBSlnC- 132088 99GLBS2nC- 132089 D9GLBS2nC- 132090 99GLBS3sC-132091 99GLBS4sC- 132092 99SLVS1C- 132093 99SLVS2

C- 132094 99PERoreC-132095 99PERoxlC-132096 99PERfglC- 132097 99PERstlC- 132098 99ANToreC- 132099 99BJKcnlC-132100 99BJKoxlC-132101 99DFLoreC-132102 99CAHoreC-132103 99CAHor2C- 132 104 99BCKoreC- 132 105 99GLBoreC- 132 106 99McDoreC- 132 107 99SLVore

193118222216144516151714141314

120181817182023222131

29

1136

1558

10<229

365

242332252222222

11222333334

<{<1

2<1<1

211

<1<1

4<1<1<1

6014060807070

100180160160190240180250220500

70679799

11013011076

120

480250

85570

71000600350

6716<2

120842

Minus-80-mesh stream sedimentMinus-80-mesh stream sedimentMinus-80-mesh stream sedimentMinus-80-mesh stream sedimentMinus-80-mesh stream sedimentMinus-80-mesh stream sedimentMinus-80-mesh stream sedimentMinus-80-mesh stream sedimentMinus-80-mesh stream sedimentMinus-80-mesh stream sedimentMinus-80-mesh stream sedimentMinus-80-mesh stream sedimentMinus-80-mesh stream sedimentMinus-80-mesh stream sedimentMinus-80-mesh stream sedimentMinus-80-mesh stream sedimentMinus-80-mesh stream sedimentMinus-80-mesh stream sedimentMinus-80-mesh stream sedimentMinus-80-mesh stream sedimentMinus-80-mesh stream sedimentMinus-80-mesh stream sedimentMinus-80-mesh stream sedimentMinus-80-mesh stream sedimentMinus-80-mesh stream sediment

Ore with cinnabarOxidized rock with minor cinnabarOxidized rockSalt precipitate on tailingsOre with cinnabarOre with cinnabarOxidized rock with sphalerite (?)Ore with cinnabarOre with cinnabarOre with cinnabarOre with cinnabarOre with cinnabarOre with cinnabarOre with cinnabar

30

Table 5. Geochemical data for calcines samples collected in the Humboldt River study.

Lab No.

C- 133254C- 133255C-133256C- 133257C-133258C-133259C- 133260C-133261C-133262C- 133263C- 133264C- 133265C-133266C- 133267C- 133268C- 133269C- 133270C-l 33271C- 133272C-l 33273C-l 33274C-l 33275C-l 33276C-l 33277C-l 33278C-l 33279C- 133280C-l 33281C-133282C-133283C-l 33284C-133285C-133286C-133287C-133288C-133289

Field No.

99PERTL199PERTL299PERTL399PERRT199ANTTL199ANTTL299ANTTL399BJKTL199BJKTL299BJKRT199DFLTL199DFLTL299DFLRT199CAHTL199CAHTL299CAHTL399CAHRT199BCKTL199BCKTL299BCKTL399GLBTL199GLBTL299McDTLl99McDTL299McDTL399SLVTL199SLVTL299SLVRT1D9SLVTL1D9SLVTL2D9PERRT1D9BJKTL1D9BJKRT1D9BCKTL3D9McDTL3D9DFLTL1

Latitude deg. min. sec.

404040404040404040404141414141414141414140404141414141414141404040414141

7888999

313131101010212121212121212828545454333338

3131215410

59131

5555554443838387777

373830203352494191210912144304138

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Longitude deg. min. sec.

118118118118118118118118118118117117117117117117117118118118117117117117117116116116116116118118118118117117

101010101010101313132929292727272719181940404848483737373737101313194829

192022134040401313132222223737373712556

434251575632303032301313136

5622

WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW

Latitude dec. deg.

40.3675040.3669440.3663940.1336140.1652840.1652840.1652840.5177840.5177840.5177841.1772241.1772241.1772241.3519441.3519441.3519441.3519441.3602841.3605641.3583340.4722240.4758341.9144441.9136141.9113941.0525041.0533341.0527841.0525041.0533340.1336140.5177840.5177841.3583341.9113941.17722

Longitude dec. deg.

-118.17194-118.17222-118.17278-118.17028-118.17778-118.17778-118.17778-118.22028-118.22028-118.22028-117.48944-117.48944-117.48944-117.46028-117.46028-117.46028-117.46028-118.32000-118.31528-118.31833-117.67861-117.67833-117.81417-117.81583-117.81556-116.62556-116.62500-116.62500-116.62556-116.62500-118.17028-118.22028-118.22028-118.31833-117.81556-117.48944

31


Lab No. Field No. Au-AAS Hg-CVAAS Ag-ICPIO As-ICPIO Au-ICPIO Bi-ICPIO Cd-ICPIOftg/g /*g/g /*g/g Mg/g

C- 133254C- 133255C-133256C- 133257C-133258C-133259C-133260C-133261C- 133262C- 133263C- 133264C- 133265C- 133266C- 133267C-133268C- 133269C-133270C- 133271C-133272C- 133273C-133274C-133275C- 133276C- 133277C-133278C- 133279C- 133280C- 133281C-133282C-133283C- 133284C-133285C-133286C-133287C-133288C-133289


0.2520.2800.3180.0720.20D0.952

1.160.0430.0180.2340.0290.0340.0450.0170.0130.0280.0170.0200.0120.0100.0140.0150.0090.0120.0140.0120.0230.0730.0060.0210.1060.0200.0170.0100.0090.029

119.31380

3.643

1001000

253203201106801.94.28.623

7.85.42072.510

120043

14003.017

1801.916

310740

2000210

1600360

0.20.20.3

<0.080.430

1202.81.20.70.80.81.80.20.20.20.1

<0.08<0.08<0.08<0.08<0.08

0.1<0.08<0.08<0.08<0.08

0.2<0.08<0.08

0.10.40.3

<0.08<0.08

1.1

200 0.1240 0.3220 0.3

72 <0.1250 0.2

2500 1.0>6000 1.3

660 <0.1480 <0.1280 <0.1640 <0.1790 0.1490 <0.1

94 <0.147 <0.1

100 <0.160 <0.130 <0.150 <0.120 <0.1

140 <0.1220 <0.1270 <0.1

47 <0.115 <0.1

8 <0.1<1 <0.1

7 <0.15 <0.1

<1 <0.1120 <0.1340 <0.1180 <0.124 <0.116 <0.1

780 <0.1

<1 9.2<1 17<1 11<1 2.6<1 3.4<1 46<1 25

3 143 192 13

<1 0.91 0.461 0.58

<1 0.11<1 0.17<1 0.19<1 0.31<1 0.27<1 0.15<1 0.17<1 0.39<1 0.1

2 0.05<1 <0.05<1 0.09<1 <0.05<1 <0.05<1 0.14<1 <0.05<1 <0.05<1 63

3 152 10

<1 0.27<1 0.17

1 0.88

32


Lab No. Field No. Cu-ICPIO Mo-ICPIO Pb-ICPIO Sb-ICPIO Zn-ICPIO A1-ICP40 Ca-ICP4<v/ig/g ftg/g

C- 133254C- 133255C- 133256C- 133257C-133258C-133259C-133260C- 133261C- 133262C- 133263C-133264C- 133265C- 133266C- 133267C-l 33268C-133269C-133270C-133271C- 133272C-133273C-l 33274C-133275C-133276C-l 33277C-133278C-l 33279C-l 33280C-133281C-133282C-l 33283C-l 33284C-133285C-133286C-l 33287C-133288C- 133289


109.811268.3

450>500

7142393644486.9121845

10093

100282236

5.351

2.60.9422.61.0344841906747

0.71.10.61.30.83.83.4424422

8.618

8.81.01.21.72.74.12.07.41.92.71511

4.50.30.16.10.30.21.94222

7.15.112

370430460

87980

>6000>6000

18006902201409965372524281079

236

16151193

2794

19015179

1229

360380770130660

>6000>6000

2701506336412071559249

65611304141

831

<13

<1<1

2907434143

31

>500>500>500

300220

>500>500

43038038015014063212330

15011013011090164854

11052

2742

>500410310100110170

1.21.31.35.21.23.52.34.63.93.98.38.28.52.02.02.54.88.38.57.57.28.42.76.47.04.50.92.14.31.05.14.53.57.76.98.1

161516

9.62113

2.87.01114

0.70.60.45.46.76.25.02.81.83.72.40.30.60.20.70.40.37.10.40.39.97.516

3.81.00.8

33


Lab No. Field No. Fe-ICP40 K-ICP40 Mg-ICP40 Na-ICP40 P-ICP40 TMCP40 Ag-ICP40% % % % % %

C- 133254C- 133255C- 133256C- 133257C- 133258C-l 33259C-133260C-133261C-l 33262C-l 33263C-l 33264C-l 33265C-l 33266C-133267C-133268C-133269C-133270C-133271C-133272C-133273C-133274C-133275C-133276C-133277C-133278C-133279C-133280C-133281C-133282C-133283C-133284C-133285C- 133286C-133287C-133288C-133289


0.91.01.03.70.86.59.72.72.53.33.54.73.50.80.91.35.58.39.07.63.54.76.44.15.40.50.23.10.50.23.92.62.87.36.54.6

0.40.60.72.10.70.80.81.91.61.42.92.63.21.11.01.21.71.21.61.22.10.80.52.51.60.50.10.30.50.21.81.61.31.11.22.6

9.48.99.55.15.81.30.30.40.30.60.30.30.22.73.23.51.31.10.90.91.10.10.20.20.70.80.10.50.70.15.10.40.51.00.80.3

0.040.050.060.950.210.120.100.230.130.410.170.170.080.010.040.050.75

1.10.94

1.40.110.390.160.940.630.150.100.300.140.100.900.200.34

1.30.520.21

0.030.040.040.050.040.060.040.180.210.230.090.060.060.040.070.050.050.110.150.130.110.130.050.030.040.020.010.020.020.010.060.190.230.120.050.08

0.050.040.050.210.040.080.050.190.100.130.340.370.420.070.080.090.26

1.01.41.2

0.460.650.430.390.810.310.410.490.320.430.220.170.14

1.10.860.36

<2<2<2<2<237

160<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2

34


Lab No. Field No. As-ICP40 Au-ICP40 Ba-ICP40 Be-ICP40 B1-ICP40 Cd-ICP40 Ce-ICP40ftg/g /ig/g ftg/g ftg/g ftg/g

C- 133254C- 133255C- 133256C-133257C-133258C-133259C- 133260C-133261C- 133262C-133263C-133264C-133265C- 133266C-133267C-133268C- 133269C- 133270C-133271C-133272C-133273C-133274C-133275C-133276C-133277C-133278C- 133279C-133280C-133281C-133282C-133283C- 133284C-133285C- 133286C- 133287C-133288C-133289


200250240

80250

350011000

350380230680800440

69268455296333

150250260

3415

<10<10<10<10<101303401603215

800

<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8<8

210040004600

5102700540200610530480490540690210230630880490690

1200970150510480250270380370290480920610420870210530

<{<1<1

2<1<1<1<1<1<1

332

<1<1<1

2<1<1<1

3<1<1

22

<12

<1<1

22

<1<1<1

23

<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50

11221323

22<2111411<2<2<2<2

2<2<2

3<2

4<2<2<2

2<2<2<2<2<2<2

511

943

<2

17<53125<53313302241759?

110166

22374665536165559076

1104389

10053342926538469

35


Lab No. Field No. Co-ICP40 O-ICP40 Cu-ICP40 Eu-ICP40 Ga-ICP40 Ho-ICP40 La-ICP4 <x/ig/g /tg/g /ig/g Mg/g Mg/g

C- 133254C- 133255C-133256C- 133257C-133258C- 133259C- 133260C- 133261C- 133262C-133263C-133264C-133265C- 133266C-133267C-133268C- 133269C- 133270C-133271C-133272C- 133273C- 133274C- 133275C- 133276C- 133277C- 133278C-133279C-133280C- 133281C-133282C-133283C- 133284C-133285C-133286C-133287C-133288C-133289


433

1135

<2989

1512

3336

12424239124

1128

<2<2

8<2<21178

398

18

14151654144758

1207781405947161937634953616289352561111337

81233

12059447130

2021234123

5501400

52414340524111172559

150120130313838

847

97

5478

454840

1306150

<2<2<2<2<2<2

3<2

2<2

322

<2<2<2

2433

<23

<2<2<2<2<2<2<2<2

22

<2223

81723

614<4<417<4<4

879

141620<4<41499

139

<42027<4<4186

2368

<44

<4

<4<4<4<4<4<4<4<4<4<4<4<4<4<4<4<4<4

4<4

4<4<4<4<4

5<4<4<4<4<4<4<4<4<4<4<4

26

<218

313123<t2°

2343576^1415202515202130273037314613214313222725192843

36


Lab No. Field No. Li-ICP40 Mn-ICP40 Mo-ICP40 Nb-ICP40 Nd-ICP40 Ni-ICP40 Pb-ICP4^

ftg/g ftg/g ftg/g /*g/g Mg/g /ig/g

C- 133254C- 133255C-133256C-133257C-133258C- 133259C-133260C-133261C-133262C-133263C-133264C- 133265C- 133266C- 133267C-133268C-133269C- 133270C- 133271C- 133272C-l 33273C-133274C-133275C-133276C-133277C-133278C-133279C-133280C-133281C-133282C-133283C-133284C-133285C-133286C-133287C-133288C-133289


46774790

540390280

433833

270190130

15192143252515524068111356

62550

89140261913

220

610570630600520580160110120290

1100710

38230250390670

140014001900600

69100

18370

2741

1202048

640120250

1800460

1200

<2<2<2<2<2<2<2605324

216

3<2<2<2<2<2<2

5<2<21710<2<2

415<2

4<25825<2<2

8

<4<4<4<4<4<4<4<4<4<4<4<4

7<4<4<4<4<4

6677

<414

83748723654<4<4<4

46

<4

<9<9<9<9<9<9<931<916333941<9<915<9<914151825<9292222<9<922<91419<9121728

455

254

12<38172672831109

18243425242525

7<3<318<3<317<3<3267950262135

500590630100

1200550015700T

66451825256621131234<4<41023153521

83318493423

2401424<4

628

37


Lab No.

C- 133254C-133255C- 133256C- 133257C-133258C-133259C- 133260C- 133261C- 133262C- 133263C-133264C-133265C- 133266C- 133267C- 133268C- 133269C- 133270C-133271C-133272C-l 33273C- 133274C-l 33275C-133276C-133277C-133278C-133279C-133280C-133281C-133282C-133283C-133284C-133285C-133286C-133287C-133288C-133289

Field No. Sc-ICP40 Sn-ICP40 Sr-ICP40 Ta-ICP40 Th-ICP40 U-ICP40 V-ICP4CMg/g /*g/g Mg/g /tg/g Mg/g Mg/g Mg/g


<2<2<2

8<2

42655

131382237

3634281218126

133

<2<2

3<2

874

281513

<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50<50

540650610590950

1100850200230250200350500

478279

200300200300400480300

6768

15088

220140110650190240290

68230

<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40<40

<6<6<6<6<6<6<6

7<6<6<62828<6<6<6<6<6

6<6<61216161022<6<615<6<6<6<6<6<613

<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100<100

2423247?20

16055

120010006301008?8025374983

370390320140190200

39120251729251980

1200520310140100

38


Lab No. Field No. Y-ICP40 Yb-ICP40 Zn-ICP40/*g/g Mg/g

Sample Description

C- 133254C-133255C- 133256C-133257C-133258C- 133259C- 133260C- 133261C- 133262C- 133263C- 133264C- 133265C- 133266C- 133267C- 133268C- 133269C- 133270C- 133271C- 133272C-133273C- 133274C- 133275C- 133276C-133277C-133278C-133279C-133280C-133281C-133282C- 133283C- 133284C-133285C-133286C-133287C- 133288C-133289


4449583

141216161513

810101326293025

932262814

513146

101316292819

<j<1<1

1<1

1<1

111222

<1<1<1

2333325342

<122

<1111342

85021001200320240

210004800

51044042016015069192126

19012013012095306369

1101512361414

730450310120130180

Mercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcinesMercury mine calcines

39

Table 6. Geochemical data for water samples collected in the Humboldt River study.

Lab No.

C- 132039C- 132040C- 132041C- 132042C- 132043C- 132044C- 132045C- 132046C- 132047C- 132048C- 132049C- 132050C-132051C- 132052C-132053C- 132054C- 132055C- 132056C- 132057C-132058C-132059C- 132060C- 132061C- 132062

Field No.

99HMB1WU99HMB1WF99HMB2WU99HMB2WF99HMB3WU99HMB3WF99HMB4WU99HMB4WF99HMB5WU99HMB5WF99RYP1WU99RYP1WF99RYP2WU99RYP2WF99RYP3WU99RYP3WF99RYP4WU99RYP4WF99RYP5WU99RYP5WF99BJKW1U99BJKW1F99BJKW2U99BJKW2F

Latitude deg. min.

404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040

575755554141414126264141424239393737343431313131

sec.

3939

11

45453939494912122121

00

27273535

55

1414

Longitude deg. min. sec.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

117117117117118118118118118118118118118118118118118118118118118118118118

25255252

55

131318181515171721212121191913131313

151528282121

22

3636

22

5353

334477

16162727

WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW

Latitude dec. deg.

40.9608340.9608340.9169440.9169440.6958340.6958340.6941740.6941740.4469440.4469440.6866740.6866740.7058340.7058340.6500040.6500040.6241740.6241740.5763940.5763940.5180640.5180640.5205640.52056

Longitude dec. deg.

-117.42083-117.42083-117.87444-117.87444-118.08917-118.08917-118.21722-118.21722.-118.3100C-118.31000-118.25056-118.25056-118.29806-118.29806-118.35083-118.35083-118.35111-118.35111-118.31861-118.31861-118.22111-118.22111-118.22417-118.22417

40


Lab No.

C-132039C- 132040C-132041C- 132042C- 132043C-132044C- 132045C- 132046C- 132047C- 132048C- 132049C- 132050C- 132051C- 132052C-132053C- 132054C-132055C-132056C-132057C-132058C-132059C- 132060C- 132061C- 132062

Field No. Conductivity/iS/cm


530

600

630

660

840

730

730

740

780

820

350

330

pH

8.1

8.2

8.4

8.3

8.6

8.5

8.5

8.6

8.6

8.6

8.6

8.7

Turbidity Fe2+ NTU mg/L

40 <0.1

91 <0.1

150 <0.1

150 <0.1

48 <0.1

140 <0.1

140 0.1

78 0.1

40 0.1

48 0.1

5 <0.1

8 <0.1

Temperature°C

23

24

23

24

23

23

24

25

21

23

13

14

41


Lab No.

C- 132039C- 132040C- 132041C- 132042C- 132043C- 132044C- 132045C- 132046C- 132047C- 132048C- 132049C- 132050C-132051C- 132052C- 132053C- 132054C- 132055C- 132056C- 132057C- 132058C- 132059C- 132060C- 132061C- 132062

Field No. Alkalinity mg/L CaCO3


210

230

250

260

230

280

270

250

240

230

160

150

Hg-AF Cl-IC F-IC NO3-IC SO4-IC /ig/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

0.006<0.005<0.005<0.005

0.008<0.005

0.009<0.005<0.005<0.005

0.0080.0050.005

<0.0050.005

<0.005<0.005<0.005

0.005<0.005

0.008<0.005

0.006<0.005

22

28

31

33

76

40

39

52

60

72

5.7

6.1

0.7 <0.1

0.9 <0.1

0.9 <0.1

0.8 <0.1

0.9 0.1

0.9 <0.1

0.8 0.1

0.9 0.2

0.9 0.1

0.9 <0.1

0.7 0.3

0.7 0.2

30

40

44

49

85

58

61

78

82

82

20

20

42


Lab No.

C- 132039C- 132040C-132041C- 132042C- 132043C- 132044C- 132045C- 132046C- 132047C- 132048C- 132049C- 132050C- 132051C- 132052C- 132053C- 132054C- 132055C-132056C- 132057C- 13205 8C- 132059C- 132060C- 132061C- 132062

Field No. Ag-ICP-MS Al-ICP-MS As-ICP-MS Ba-ICP-MS Be-ICP-MSjtg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L /ig/L


0.090.070.060.040.040.030.020.020.030.030.020.010.01

<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01

0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01

7001.3

17000.87

37000.7

38001.8

58046

230026

220023

94049

73069

9105469

<0.287

<0.2

16161918222023222625282929262827262728268.88.58.48.5

9372

15079

24075

220735238

17089

1507888537151733917161715

<0.05<0.05

0.07<0.05

0.20<0.05

0.20<0.05<0.05<0.05

0.30<0.05

0.09<0.05

0.10<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05

43


Lab No. Field No. Ca-ICP-MS Cd-ICP-MS Co-ICP-MSMg/L jig/L

Cr-ICP-MS Cu-ICP-MSjig/L

C- 132039C- 132040C- 132041C- 132042C- 132043C- 132044C- 132045C- 132046C- 132047C- 132048C- 132049C- 132050C- 132051C- 132052C- 132053C- 132054C- 132055C-132056C-132057C- 132058C- 132059C- 132060C- 132061C- 132062


333138344535433634344440443840353636363241424041

0.04<0.02

0.09<0.02

0.20<0.02

0.20<0.02<0.02<0.02

0.10<0.02

0.08<0.02

0.04<0.02

0.02<0.02

0.03<0.02

0.06<0.02

0.06<0.02

0.40.030.920.04

2.2<0.02

20.03

0.2<0.02

1.20.02

1.20.070.590.070.4

0.040.5

0.02<0.02<0.02<0.02<0.02

<1 2<1 1

1 4<1 2

3 8<1 2

3 8<1 3<1 2<1 2

2 6<1 3

2 6<1 3<1 4<1 3<1 3<1 2<1 3<1 2<1 0.5<1 <0.5<1 0.5<1 <0.5

44


Lab No.

C- 132039C- 132040C- 132041C- 132042C- 132043C- 132044C- 132045C- 132046C- 132047C- 132048C- 132049C- 132050C- 132051C- 132052C-132053C- 132054C- 132055C- 132056C- 132057C- 132058C- 132059C- 132060C- 132061C-132062

Field No. Fe-ICP-MS K-ICP-MS Mg-ICP-MS Mn-ICP-MS Na-ICP-MSMg/L /ig/L Mg/L M8/L /ig/L


520<30

1400<30

3000<30

310029

53068

210051

220046

99067

74098

88079

11034

10036

67006200830078009700830093009100

12000120001100011000120009800

100001000010000100001200011000

710710730760

9.59.6121114111411131315131512141313131413

7.87.8

88

423.5110

112303.6

2003.415

1.6150

31204.4443.2251.8321.7

40.364.30.5

495058596665676699

1008278827682798790

100998.78.68.88.8

45


Lab No.

C-132039C- 132040C- 132041C- 132042C- 132043C- 132044C- 132045C- 132046C- 132047C- 132048C- 132049C- 132050C- 132051C- 132052C-132053C- 132054C- 132055C- 132056C- 132057C- 132058C- 132059C- 132060C- 132061C- 132062

Field No. Ni-ICP-MS Pb-ICP-MS Sb-ICP-MS Tl-ICP-MS V-ICP-MSMg/L /ig/L /ig/L /ig/L /ig/L


1.20.42.60.75.50.95.10.90.90.33.61.3

41.51.60.81.20.61.40.5

<0.1<0.1<0.1<0.1

0.63<0.05

1.9<0.05

4.3<0.05

4.1<0.05

0.40<0.05

2.30.08

1.90.050.830.090.570.050.63

<0.050.20

<0.050.20

<0.05

0.90.920.88

10.78

1.20.87

1.23

3.41.22.51.42.22.43.22.73.3

33.6

0.530.490.490.48

<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05

0.05<0.05

0.06<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05

5.54.39.16.114

7.014

7.710

8.9151014

8.712

9.711

9.012

8.90.90.80.80.7

46


Lab No.

C- 132039C- 132040C- 132041C- 132042C- 132043C- 132044C- 132045C- 132046C- 132047C- 132048C- 132049C- 132050C- 132051C- 132052C- 132053C- 132054C- 132055C- 132056C- 132057C-132058C- 132059C- 132060C- 132061C- 132062

Field No. Zn-ICP-MSjig/L


6.0<0.5

9.0<0.5

24<0.5

20<0.5

2.00.510

1.010

1.04.02.03.00.84.02.01.0

<0.50.9

<0.5

Sample Description

UNFILTERED STREAM WATERFILTERED STREAM WATER 0.45 MICRONUNFILTERED STREAM WATERFILTERED STREAM WATER 0.45 MICRONUNFILTERED STREAM WATERFILTERED STREAM WATER 0.45 MICRONUNFILTERED STREAM WATERFILTERED STREAM WATER 0.45 MICRONUNFILTERED STREAM WATERFILTERED STREAM WATER 0.45 MICRONUNFILTERED RESERVOIR WATERFILTERED RESERVOIR WATER 0.45 MICRONUNFILTERED RESERVOIR WATERFILTERED RESERVOIR WATER 0.45 MICRONUNFILTERED RESERVOIR WATERFILTERED RESERVOIR WATER 0.45 MICRONUNFILTERED RESERVOIR WATERFILTERED RESERVOIR WATER 0.45 MICRONUNFILTERED RESERVOIR WATERFILTERED RESERVOIR WATER 0.45 MICRONUNFILTERED STREAM WATERFILTERED STREAM WATER 0.45 MICRONUNFILTERED STREAM WATERFILTERED STREAM WATER 0.45 MICRON

47

Documents

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY · sinter deposits formed by the surface deposition of hot-springs water are also common host rocks. Mineralized vein and vein