The Cold WarThe Cold War1945-19911945-1991

A state of war that A state of war that does not involve does not involve

bloodshed.bloodshed.

United Nations Security CouncilUnited Nations Security Council

United StatesUnited States Great BritainGreat Britain FranceFrance USSRUSSR ChinaChina

Problems ? ? ? ?Problems ? ? ? ?

Soviet’s Solution

Powerful nations control areas of strategic interest to them – power – slice up the pie

Yalta Conference - 1945Yalta Conference - 1945

Topics at Yalta ConferenceTopics at Yalta Conference

Forming the U.N.Forming the U.N. Postwar control of PolandPostwar control of Poland German war reparationsGerman war reparations Postwar GermanyPostwar Germany

Caption: The

Meeting Will Now Come To

Order

What do you think

the message

is?

Former Soviet Union and Former Soviet Union and SatellitesSatellites

Satellite Nation – a nation controlled by the USSR

The Iron CurtainThe Iron CurtainChurchill’s analogy of the split between communist and

non-communist nations.

““Trouble” in ChinaTrouble” in China

Clash between two leadersClash between two leaders

•Chiang Kai-shek (supported by Chiang Kai-shek (supported by U.S.)U.S.)

•Mao Zedong (Communist – Mao Zedong (Communist – supported by Soviet Union **** supported by Soviet Union **** and the people of China)and the people of China)

Chiang Chiang Kai-shekKai-shek

Mao Mao ZedongZedong

Domino TheoryDomino TheoryIf one nation falls – another will follow

Harry Harry TrumanTrumanDid not like StalinDid not like Stalin

Did not trust StalinDid not trust StalinHated CommunismHated Communism

CONTAINMENT!!CONTAINMENT!!

Harry S. Truman #33 (D)Harry S. Truman #33 (D) ““S” is his full middle name!S” is his full middle name! He was notorious for his explosive He was notorious for his explosive

temper and “salty” languagetemper and “salty” language Was religious, walked 2 miles a day, Was religious, walked 2 miles a day,

liked to play poker, played pianoliked to play poker, played piano Wife – Bess (she hated Washington Wife – Bess (she hated Washington

DC), daughter MargaretDC), daughter Margaret Philosophy – Philosophy –

• If you can’t take the heat, get out of the If you can’t take the heat, get out of the kitchenkitchen

• The buck stops hereThe buck stops here

Policy of ContainmentPolicy of ContainmentStop the spread of Communism

Truman DoctrineTruman Doctrine““It must be the policy of It must be the policy of

the United States to the United States to support free peoples support free peoples

who are resisting who are resisting attempted subjugation attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” by outside pressures.”

Truman DoctrineTruman DoctrineWhat does it really What does it really

mean? mean?

The U.S. will do whatever The U.S. will do whatever is necessary to help is necessary to help another nation fight another nation fight against Communist against Communist

takeover.takeover.

The Marshall PlanThe Marshall PlanA plan to rebuild A plan to rebuild Europe after WWIIEurope after WWII

Humanitarian aidHumanitarian aidMoney – build upMoney – build upTradeTrade

George George MarshallMarshall

WWIIWWII General – General – Sec of Defense Sec of Defense

and Sec of Stateand Sec of State

Nobel Peace Prize Winner!!!

Hamburg 1945Hamburg 1945Hamburg 1950Hamburg 1950

National Security ActNational Security Act Dept. of DefenseDept. of Defense

National Security CouncilNational Security Council

Central Intelligence AgencyCentral Intelligence Agency

GermanyGermany

France, England, US – merge France, England, US – merge occupied zones – occupied zones – •Federal Republic of Germany Federal Republic of Germany

(New West Germany)(New West Germany) Stalin angry – blockade around Stalin angry – blockade around

Berlin – no goods in or outBerlin – no goods in or out Truman responds – massive Truman responds – massive

airlift – 24/7 – almost 11 months airlift – 24/7 – almost 11 months for 2 million W. Berlinersfor 2 million W. Berliners

Berlin Airlift

Young German Young German girl presenting girl presenting flowers to an flowers to an airlift pilot on airlift pilot on behalf of West behalf of West Berlin citizens, Berlin citizens, 13 August 194813 August 1948

Blockade Blockade Ends Ends

Airlift Airlift WinsWins

BrinkmanshipBrinkmanship The policy of getting to the The policy of getting to the

“brink” of war in order to get “brink” of war in order to get the other party to back down.the other party to back down.

John Foster Dulles – Secretary John Foster Dulles – Secretary of State came up with the of State came up with the termterm

(like playing “Chicken”)(like playing “Chicken”)

NATONATO North Atlantic North Atlantic

Treaty OrganizationTreaty Organization19491949

12 nations to start - more will join as time goes by

Military alliance of E. European Soviet Bloc

countries intended to organize against

perceived threat from NATO

19491949 10/1/49 China becomes 10/1/49 China becomes

CommunistCommunist USSR has “The Bomb”USSR has “The Bomb”

•Chiang is out – Mao is inChiang is out – Mao is in

U.S. quadruples its defense U.S. quadruples its defense budget - - - - - -budget - - - - - -

Trouble on the horizonTrouble on the horizon

Sino-Soviet Pact

Let’s look at Europe after WWII - - - MAPS !!!!!

Korean Korean ConflictConflict

1950-19531950-1953

After WWII – Korea is divided at the 38th parallel – North/Communist South/DemocraticUSSR supplies North US supplies South

38th

General General Douglas Douglas

MacArthurMacArthurStationed in Japan after WWII – put in charge of the United Nations troops – warned not to go too far – went to the China border and was pushed backWanted to “nuke” them – Publically criticized President Truman (press/Congress)Was fired

“Old soldiers never die . . . They just fade away.”

General Douglas MacArthur

Korean WarKorean War•Ends with an Armistice Ends with an Armistice •Korea divided at the 38Korea divided at the 38thth parallel (where it started)parallel (where it started)•U.S. troops still deployed at U.S. troops still deployed at the line (DMZ)the line (DMZ)

Election of 1952 –

“I Like Ike!!”

Dwight Dwight EisenhowerEisenhower

#34 – Dwight D. Eisenhower (R)#34 – Dwight D. Eisenhower (R) Famous WWII General Famous WWII General

(Normandy)(Normandy) Wife – Mamie – his son married Wife – Mamie – his son married

Richard Nixon’s daughterRichard Nixon’s daughter Nickname – “Ike” campaign Nickname – “Ike” campaign

slogan was “I like Ike”slogan was “I like Ike” Sent troops to Little Rock – Sent troops to Little Rock –

supported integrationsupported integration From Abilene, Kansas – had 6 From Abilene, Kansas – had 6

brothers (they opposed war)brothers (they opposed war)

Mediterranean Sea

Egypt

Gulf of Suez

Suez CanalSuez Canal

Abdel Abdel NasserNasser

Leader of Egypt – wanted the Suez Canal back (French controlled) – U.N. negotiated the peace after near war in 1956

Suez CanalSuez Canal

Aswan Dam and Lake Nasser

After Korea - VietnamAfter Korea - Vietnam Before WWII – Vietnam/French colonyBefore WWII – Vietnam/French colony During WWII – occupied by JapanDuring WWII – occupied by Japan Ho Chi Minh – ally of U.S. – fought Ho Chi Minh – ally of U.S. – fought

Japanese (and French)Japanese (and French) After war – France wanted the colony After war – France wanted the colony

back – Ho Chi Minh wanted his countryback – Ho Chi Minh wanted his country United States supported the FrenchUnited States supported the French War between French and VietminhWar between French and Vietminh

VietnamVietnam

French Indochina French Indochina vs Ho Chi Minhvs Ho Chi Minh

Battle of Dien Bien Battle of Dien Bien PhuPhu

55 days55 days Result – Geneva Result – Geneva

Accords – Divide at Accords – Divide at 1717thth parallel parallel

Asserts right of U.S. to use force against any nation or group of nations in Middle East region who requests assistance against armed

aggression from any communist controlled country.

Eisenhower DoctrineEisenhower Doctrine

What does that mean??What does that mean??

U.S. will meet aggression with U.S. will meet aggression with aggression!! aggression!!

Including Nuclear weapons Including Nuclear weapons (if necessary)(if necessary)

Eisenhower DoctrineEisenhower Doctrine

Eisenhower/DullesEisenhower/DullesMassive retaliation Massive retaliation plan – build up of plan – build up of military and armsmilitary and arms

““More bang More bang

for your buck”for your buck”

IsraelIsrael

ZionismZionism

Belief that one day God will allow Belief that one day God will allow Jews to return to PalestineJews to return to Palestine

Diaspora – Jews who have been Diaspora – Jews who have been exiled or displacedexiled or displaced

May 1948 – new state of Israel May 1948 – new state of Israel created – U.S. is first to recognize created – U.S. is first to recognize Israel - still tension todayIsrael - still tension today

Yasser Yasser ArafatArafat

Mahmoud Mahmoud Abbas Abbas

NOV 2004

Palestine Liberation

ArielArielSharonSharonPrime Minister

ofIsrael

Mohammad Mossadegh

Leader of Iran – replaced (with help from the CIA)

Shah Shah of Iranof Iran

Guatemala - 1954Guatemala - 1954U.S. Sends in the CIA to topple a U.S. Sends in the CIA to topple a potential Communist takeoverpotential Communist takeover

(United Fruit Company owned 42% (United Fruit Company owned 42% of the land)of the land)

Diplomatic, Economic, and Diplomatic, Economic, and Propaganda campaignsPropaganda campaigns

GuatemalaGuatemala

Fulgencio Fulgencio BatistaBatista

Fidel Fidel CastroCastroTakes over in

1959

Nikita Nikita KhrushchevKhrushchev

leader of Soviet Union leader of Soviet Union after Stalin dies in 1953after Stalin dies in 1953

U-2 IncidentU-2 Incident

Soviet Union shoots down a U.S. Soviet Union shoots down a U.S. plane (U-2) – states it is spyingplane (U-2) – states it is spying

U.S. denies (outraged) – says it was a U.S. denies (outraged) – says it was a weather planeweather plane

Soviet’s reveal they have the plane Soviet’s reveal they have the plane and the pilot – Gary Powersand the pilot – Gary Powers

U.S. is caught in a lie - - - it is a spy U.S. is caught in a lie - - - it is a spy planeplane

Tension buildsTension builds

Military Industrial ComplexMilitary Industrial Complex

In his farewell speech – Eisenhower In his farewell speech – Eisenhower warns America about defense warns America about defense spendingspending

 ” ”we must guard against the we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-unsought, by the military-industrial complex”industrial complex”

But . . . What’s been happening But . . . What’s been happening on the home front between 1945 on the home front between 1945

and 1960 . . . ?????and 1960 . . . ?????

John John KennedyKennedy

What do you

think?

U.S. Army U.S. Army Special Special ForcesForces

“Green Berets”“Green Berets”

Lyndon Lyndon JohnsonJohnson

Ho Ho Chi Chi

MinhMinh

North Vietnamese leader

Ngo Ngo Dinh Dinh DiemDiem

South Vietnamese leader

Buddhist Buddhist monks in monks in Vietnam Vietnam

demonstrate demonstrate for peace by for peace by

setting setting themselves themselves

afireafire

Gulf of Tonkin Gulf of Tonkin ResolutionResolution

President’s powers to wagewar are drastically increased

Richard Richard NixonNixon

Sec. of StateHenry

Kissinger

Kent State UniversityKent State University

Pentagon PapersPentagon Papers

Government dishonesty about Vietnam War is revealed to the public.

Pol

Pot

War Powers ActWar Powers Act

President’s ability to wage war greatly

diminished

SALTSALTStrategic Arms Strategic Arms

Limitations TreatyLimitations Treaty

Jimmy Jimmy CarterCarter

Sadat Carter Begin

Carter Wins

Nobel Peace Prize

2002

Ronald Ronald ReaganReagan

Strategic Strategic Defense Defense InitiativeInitiative

““Star Star Wars”Wars”

Scrapped after Cold War

ended

Beirut BombingBeirut Bombing241 Marines killed by terrorists in 1983241 Marines killed by terrorists in 1983

Mikhail Mikhail GorbachevGorbachev

glasnost

perestroika

Berlin Berlin WallWall

Comes Comes DownDown

Nov. 9,Nov. 9, 19891989

Who is tearing down the wall?

Souvenir bits of

Berlin Wall

sold for $1.00 each

Tiananmen SquareTiananmen Square

September 11, 2001September 11, 2001

Ongoing War in Iraq Ongoing War in Iraq

Before After

So long, Saddam

Still Still Hunting Hunting

for for Osama Osama

Bin Bin LadenLaden

Where will we be tomorrow?Where will we be tomorrow?