Unalienable Rights

Social

Studies

Success

Founding Fathersof the Constitution

Social Studies Success

Revolution

Crossing of the Delaware River December 25, 1776

TTurning point of the American Revolution.

BBattle Of Saratoga - 11777

Battle of Saratoga 1777: The “Turning Point” of the War!

American victory that convinced France to join the

Americans 22

Winter at Valley Forge ( 1777-78)

Winter at Valley Forge, 1777-1778: the Continental Army camps at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania; becomes a symbol of the hardships(starvation, disease, exposure) of war, over 2500 soldiers die. 23

The Battle of Yorktown (1781) The final major battle of the

Revolutionary War. Yeah boi! The Americans and French win!

General George Washington

Lord Charles Cornwallis

24

Final major battle of the American Revolution.

Battle of Yorktown -1781

North America after the Treaty of Paris, 1783

In the Treaty of Paris of 1783, the British finally recognize the United States as an independent country.

15

People of the American Revolution

• African-American spy during the American Revolution. Spied on Lord Cornwallis’ camp.

James Armistead

<-- French Noble who helped American during the revolutionary War

• Marquis de Lafayette 25

Samuel Adams

• Leader of the Sons of Liberty was an informal organization of patriot leaders who protested British policies.

• “ No taxation without representation Is tyranny” 26

Sons of Liberty

Abigail Adams

Wife of John Adams

• Her writings voice strong opinions & reveal a commitment to voting rights for women, African Americans and support American Independence.

“Remember the Ladies”

27

Bernardo de Galvez

• He commanded Spanish troops against the British in Louisiana and protected the city of New Orleans.

• He defeated British troops in Florida.

28

John Paul Jones Fought during the

American Revolution in the Continental Navy.

• He commanded the USS Bonhomme Richard and defeated the British ship Serapis, which made him a naval hero.

• Known as the “Father of the U.S. Navy.”

“I have not yet begun to fight” 29

Baron C

harles de M

ontesquieu (1689-1755) K

ey thinker of the Enlightenment recorded his ideas about governm

ent and law

in several books. His ideas encouraged the developm

ent of a system of

checks and balances established by the U.S. C

onstitution.

"In a true state of nature, indeed, all men are born equal, but they cannot continue in this equality.

Society makes them lose it, and they recover it only bytheprotectionoflaws."

Articles of Confederation

• This document was an agreement by the states to work together. It gave the states the most power and formed a very weak national(federal) government.

• America’s First Government! Our First Constitution

30

WEAKNESSES: No national court system No executive branch (no

President) One legislature, with little

power. Each state had only one vote in Congress. No power to tax anyone. No power to regulate trade

between the states. No power to raise an army.

Northwest Ordinance

• It established procedures for the admission for territories into the Union as new states once they reached a certain population.

18

1787- Procedures for orderly future expansion of the U.S.

Slavery was prohibited in the N

orthwest Territory

System to adm

it new states as equals to original colonies

when population reached 60,000 (to form

not less than 3 or m

ore than 5 states)

Creation and Ratification

of the Constitution

Social Studies Success

Constitutional Convention of 1787

-Philadelphia

Great Com

promise

Provided a bicameral Congress

A.H

ouse of representatives- each state is represented according to its population (satisfied the V

A plan)

B.Senate- each state has 2 senators (satisfied the NJ plan)

32

Large States Small States

3/5ths Com

promise

A com

promise m

ade during the Constitutional Convention.

Agreem

ent to count 3 out of every 5 of the slave population for property and tax purposes

33

Federalist

Supported a new Constitution to replace the

Articles of Confederation

Supported a stronger national government

Federalist Papers by Madison, H

amilton, &

Jay argued for ratification of the Constitution

Anti-Federalist

Opposed to the new

Constitution

Patrick Henry, G

eorge Mason &

others feared a strong national governm

ent would tram

ple on state’s rights

Refused to ratify the Constitution without a Bill of Rights

Republic

A state w

here supreme pow

er is held by the people &

their elected representatives, with

an elected or nominated president

Essays by Alexander H

amilton, John Jay, &

Jam

es Madison that helped persuade

Am

ericans to approve the new constitution

JamesMadison,"Fatherofthe

Constitution".

44. Amendmeans to

change. As in amend the

Constitution so it works

better. Amendment = change to the Constitution

I can amend the

Amendments!

2/3Amend

amend

Amendment

3/4or

64

Ratify

Sign of give formal consent to

(a treaty, contract, or agreement),

making it officially valid

“We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”

1787- Constitution of the United States

is approved by the delegates.

34

Preamble

Introduction to the Constitution

Statement of the

principles at work

Am

endment

A form

al or official change made to a law

, contract, constitution or other legal docum

ent

1787

U.S. Constitution signed

Founding Fathers

George Washington

Alexander Hamiliton

Bill of Rights

1st Ten Amendments

The First Amendment

• Protects the freedom of…

• Religion

• Assembly

• Speech

• Press

• Petition

• Amendment 42

Power divided among three branches:Separation of

Powers

Legislative

Makes laws

CongressExecutive

Carries out laws

PresidentJudicial

Interprets laws

Supreme Court

65

Each branch can check or control the other two. We call this Checks and Balances

Executive

•Makes Appointments

•Veto Power

Judicial

•Can declare a law

unconstitutional

•Judicial Review

Legislative

•Overrides Vetoes

•Controls Money

•Impeachment Power•Approve

Appointments

•Power to pardon

•Can serve for life

•Issues Executive Orders 66

Federalism: The sharing of power between a national government and states.

Limited Government:: type oof government in which everyone, including all authority figures, mmust obey the law? 67

• Republicanism: People hold the power through the election of representatives.

Popular Sovereignty• Political power rests with the

people. Exercised through voting, can create, alter, and abolish government. People express themselves through voting and free participation in government.68

Federalism

Limited Government

Popular Sovereignty • Political power rests with the

people. People express themselves through voting and free participation in government.

38

Popular Sovereignty

Republicanism

Power divided among three branches: Separation of

Powers

Legislative

Makes laws

Congress Executive

Carries out laws

President Judicial

Interprets laws

Supreme Court

Article I, Section 1 Article II, Section 1 Article III, Section 1

39

Separation of Powers

40

Checks and Balances

Individual Rights

Bill of Rights (1791)–1st 10 amendments 1st: Freedom of speech, of the press, of religion, and to protest our government 2nd: Right to own guns

3rd: No quartering of soldiers in our homes

4th: Protection against unreasonable search and seizure

5th: Right to due process, right to remain silent, no double-jeopardy

6th: Right to jury in criminal trial, speedy trial, and to a lawyer

7th: Right to jury in civil suits

8th: Protection against cruel and unusual punishments

9th: We can have more rights than just the ones in the Constitution

10th: Powers not given to the national government go to the states 23

41

Early Republic

Social Studies Success

April 1789 - George Washington becomes the 1st President of the United States. John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and Alexander Hamilton are part of the first Cabinet

Social Studies Success

The Whiskey Rebellion –George Washington

Proclamation of Neutrality

George Washington’s Farewell Address