US HISTORY US HISTORY REVIEWREVIEW

Day 1Day 1

►The transfer of plants, animals, The transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the “Old and diseases between the “Old World” and the “New World” and the “New World” is known as the World” is known as the Exchange Exchange (in the 1500s)(in the 1500s)

Colombian

►The effect of the Enlightenment The effect of the Enlightenment caused colonists to question the caused colonists to question the authority of the authority of the ..

► Age of Enlightenment (1700s) was a Age of Enlightenment (1700s) was a period of period of critical questioningcritical questioning of traditional of traditional institutions, customs, and morals, and a institutions, customs, and morals, and a strong belief in rationality (reason) and strong belief in rationality (reason) and sciencescience

British authority

►The The First Great AwakeningFirst Great Awakening of the of the 1730s and 1740s was primarily a 1730s and 1740s was primarily a revival of evangelical revival of evangelical

that spread through the that spread through the coloniescolonies

religion

►The effect of the First Great The effect of the First Great Awakening was that the Awakening was that the

began to began to challengechallenge the the hierarchical structure of existing hierarchical structure of existing religiousreligious denominations denominations

colonists

►Lord Baltimore established the Lord Baltimore established the

in in response to response to discriminationdiscrimination against Roman against Roman Catholics in EnglandCatholics in England

Maryland colony

►The Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence elaborates on the Enlightenment elaborates on the Enlightenment idea of idea of natural

rights

►““We hold these Truths to be self-We hold these Truths to be self-evident that evident that all Menall Men are created are created equal, that they are endowed by equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness” Pursuit of Happiness” Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

► wrote that excerpt in the wrote that excerpt in the Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence

John Locke

►The Supreme Court under the The Supreme Court under the leadership of John Marshall leadership of John Marshall solidified the power of the solidified the power of the Supreme Court to Supreme Court to review the review the constitutionalityconstitutionality of state and of state and federal laws.federal laws.

►In the second half of the 1800s, In the second half of the 1800s, the the part of part of the United States was the the United States was the leastleast industrialized.industrialized.

southern

►The land of the Louisiana The land of the Louisiana Purchase stretched west from the Purchase stretched west from the

River to the River to the Mountains Mountains

MississippiRocky

►The commander of the The commander of the Confederate forces during the Civil Confederate forces during the Civil War was War was ..Robert E. Lee

► is credited is credited with inventing the with inventing the cotton gincotton gin..

Eli Whitney

NEW JERSEY PLANNEW JERSEY PLANEqual Representation Equal Representation

for for all statesall states

VIRGINIA PLANVIRGINIA PLANRepresentation basedRepresentation based

on populationon population

The Great The Great CompromiseCompromise

U. S. CONGRESSU. S. CONGRESSOne house based on populationOne house based on population

One house based on equal One house based on equal representationrepresentation

►The forced separation of whites The forced separation of whites and African Americans in public and African Americans in public places was called legal places was called legal

..segregation

►The 13The 13thth, 14, 14thth, and 15, and 15thth Amendments increased the rights Amendments increased the rights of of African Americans

►The process of reuniting the The process of reuniting the nation and rebuilding the southern nation and rebuilding the southern states without slavery was called states without slavery was called

..Reconstruction

►The The allowed poor people to farm on allowed poor people to farm on land they could not afford to buy land they could not afford to buy or rent, enabled small farmers to or rent, enabled small farmers to hire people to work on their land, hire people to work on their land, and left many people deeply in and left many people deeply in debtdebt

sharecropping system

Reconstruction comes to an end in the Reconstruction comes to an end in the SouthSouthWhite government officials regain White government officials regain

power in the Southpower in the South

Southern states begin to implement Southern states begin to implement poll tax, poll tax, literacy tests, and grandfather literacy tests, and grandfather clausesclauses =

Disfranchisement of most African Americans in the South

►The railroad building boom during the The railroad building boom during the nineteenth century contributed to the nineteenth century contributed to the rapid rapid of of the United States.the United States.

industrialization

►Plains Indians depended on Plains Indians depended on and and for for

survival.survival.

buffalohorses

►The Pacific Railway Acts gave The Pacific Railway Acts gave railway companies railway companies . .

loans and large land grants

►The The Act Act granted land to small farmers if granted land to small farmers if they agreed to stay on the land for they agreed to stay on the land for five years.five years.

Homestead

►Owning all the business in a Owning all the business in a particular field is called particular field is called

integration integrationhorizontal

Standard OilCompany

= Oil-Refining Companies

► started Standard Oil in Cleveland, started Standard Oil in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1870Ohio, in 1870

John D. Rockefeller

►One of the One of the Party’s Party’s goals in the 1892 presidential goals in the 1892 presidential election was to provide Americans election was to provide Americans with greater democracy with greater democracy and voice in the governmentand voice in the government

Populist

►Members of the Populist Party Members of the Populist Party supported public ownership of supported public ownership of railroads because they thought it railroads because they thought it would would ..help small farmers

►In his book In his book How the Other Half How the Other Half LivesLives, Jacob Riis described the , Jacob Riis described the living conditions of living conditions of

. .immigrants

►The The became the became the center of social and political life in center of social and political life in urban African American urban African American communitiescommunities

Church