US History: Spiconardi ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR:
CONTAINMENT
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O UR TRAGEDY TODAY IS A GENERAL AND UNIVERSAL PHYSICAL FEAR SO
LONG SUSTAINED BY NOW THAT WE CAN EVEN BEAR IT. T HERE ARE NO
LONGER PROBLEMS OF THE SPIRIT. T HERE IS ONLY THE QUESTION : W HEN
WILL I BE BLOWN UP ? ~W ILLIAM F AULKNER
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Yalta Conference Prior to the end of WWII, the Allies met to
discuss plans for a post-war world Yalta Conference FDR, Churchill,
and Stalin agree to split Germany into 4 zones, each controlled by
one of the Allied Powers Stalin would see creation of governments
in Eastern Europe
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Division of Germany In 1945, after the end of the war, Germany
and the capital city of Berlin were divided West Germany Divided
into spheres of influence controlled by the US, Great Britain, and
Germany Democratic government East Germany Controlled by Stalin and
the USSR Communist government Berlin Divided into four sections
Which Allied Power controlled sector is Berlin in?
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Containment Despite being allies during the war, the U.S. did
not trust the Soviet Union, especially after Stalin moves Soviet
troops into Eastern Europe The U.S. views the U.S.S.R. as a threat
to the non- communist world According to the cartoonist, what is
Stalin doing?
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Containment Containment policy of confining communism to areas
it already existed Do not let communism spread into new areas
George Keenan, a U.S. diplomat who first coined the term
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The Truman Doctrine Read the excerpt from President Trumans
speech. Based on the speech, how would you describe the Truman
Doctrine? Read the Soviet Ambassadors telegram. What is the Soviet
criticism of Truman and U.S. foreign policy?
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Truman Doctrine Truman Doctrine policy of economic and military
aid to countries that could potentially turn communist Sets a
precedent that America would provide assistance to any
anti-communist regimes, even if they were undemocratic U.S. wanted
a global military alliance to protect against the Soviet
threat
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Truman Doctrine A RE WE TO SHOULDER THE MANTLE OF NINETEENTH -
CENTURY B RITISH IMPERIALISM ? A RE WE ASKING FOR A THIRD WORLD WAR
?
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The Marshall Plan Much of Europe was in shambles after World
War II Cities and industrial centers destroyed Starvation Europeans
struggled to find shelter Communism seemed to offer a solution to
such problems
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The Marshall Plan Secretary of State George Marshall has an
idea The Marshall Plan an economic aid program that allocated $13
billion to rebuild Europe after WWII The money was to fight against
hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos Helps stabilize the
economies Allowed Western Europe to restart consumer production Why
is consumer production desirable to the U.S.?
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The Marshall Plan Which three countries received the most money
under the Marshall Plan?
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Stalins Reaction How do you think Stalin would react to the
Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan?
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Berlin Blockade
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Berlin Airlift
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NATO & Warsaw Pact Fearing further aggressive Soviet
actions, the US and its allies band together North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) In 1949, US and 11 other nations sign
collective security agreement Agreed that if one member were
attacked, the others would come to their defense Warsaw Pact
Soviets later form alliance in response to NATO
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The Cold War In 1949, Truman learns that the Soviet Union
successfully tested an atomic bomb Distrust + Military Alliances +
Atomic Bomb = COLD WAR Distrust + Military Alliances + Atomic Bomb
= COLD WAR Cold War Period of tense conflict, militarism, mistrust
& uneasiness between the United States and Soviet Union