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USA 1929-1990
In what ways did American society change between
1929 and 2000?
This exam paper expects you to know a broad outline of
the topics.Again, you need to know
how American policy changed DECADE BY
DECADE
What was the Great Depression?
•Time of Great Hardship
•High unemployment
•Many people living in extreme poverty
What was a Hooverville?
•Shanty Town
•Named after President Hoover
•Many people blamed him for the Wall Street Crash
What was the Bonus Army?
•1932, unemployed war veterans marched on Washington to demand early repayment of their bonuses
•Set up huge Hooverville outside Washington
•Hoover sent troops to drive them out and burn down the Hooverville
How did Hoover try to deal with the Depression?
“prosperity is just around the corner”
Just let things work themselves out
Benefits are ‘un-American’
What did FDR do in the First 100 days of his presidency?
Fireside Chats: Radio Broadcasts. Explained his actions simply and honestly to the American people and asked for their help. Very popular!
Alphabet Agencies: Set up organisations to get America back to workEnded Prohibition – Very
popular!
Emergency Banking Act: Closed all banks for ‘4 day holiday’
Only honest, well run banks allowed to reopen – given government loans to help them
Restored people’s confidence in the banks
REMEMBER!
Fires Agents, Prohibit Banks
Do you know your Alphabet Agencies?Which was designed to create public works of real and lasting value such as schools and hospitals?
PWA – Public Works Administration
What did the CCC stand for?
Civilian Conservation Corps
What work did they do?
Gave jobs to single young men under age of 25 e.g. clearing land, planting trees
What Act gave pensions to the over 65s and support for the handicapped and unemployed?
Social Security Act
What was the AAA?•Paid farmers to produce less food
•This meant prices went up and their incomes doubled
•Helped farmers BUT not the sharecroppers who worked on their land (many Black)
•Many evicted as less work
Do you know your Alphabet Agencies?
What was the Civilian Work’s Administration?
Short term scheme to give as many people as possible jobs e.g. sweeping up leaves in road, paying actors to do free shows
Which agencies increased workers wages and helped to give them a fair deal?
NRA – National Recovery Administration
What was the Tennessee Valley Authority?
•Set up to develop the Tennessee Valley
•33 new dams built
•New forests planted
•Power stations built to give cheap electricity
•Thousands of new jobs created
This was one of the most impressive
and successful schemes of the New Deal!
Why was FDR popular?Sorted
banking crisis
In touch with ‘ordinary people’
Alphabet Agencies –
brought relief to many
Fireside Chats –
reassured people
Gave people hope
Who opposed the New Deal?•Businessmen – Thought the new laws cost too much. Wanted rugged individualism. Didn’t like paying higher taxes
•Republicans – see above
•Supreme Court - 1935 said FDR only had the right to pass laws for ALL states, not for individual states
•Huey Long – Share the Wealth. Thought it didn’t go far enough!
YESIt gave people confidence
Roosevelt was seen as a man of the people
Fireside Chats – felt he knew their
problems and cared
Really important that Americans felt better about
themselves!
YESAlphabet AgenciesMany successful - built schools, roads
and hospitals
TVA – Tennessee Valley Authority
Social Security
Act
Yeah but no but Yeah but no but Yeah but no but Yeah but no but Yeah but no but Yeah but no but
Yeah but no but Yeah but no but…
Always look for a two sided argument
NO1937 – FDR reduced government spending because he believed
depression was ending
Unemployment suddenly rose
NOMost expensive
government programme in US
History.
Boondoggling? – paid people to
sweep up leaves in the
park
Boondoggling = unnecessary
activity