USAID Office of Food for Peace Dale Skoric Title II Food Aid
Programming Slide 2 The Big Picture Food crisis: With over 1
billion people worldwide (one-sixth of the world population)
suffering from hunger, over 30 cases of food-related unrest having
erupted around the world since 2008, 25,000 children dying daily
from malnutrition, 2 billion people currently suffering from
micro-nutrient deficiencies, local food prices in most developing
countries being too expensive for hundreds of millions of people,
disputes over depleting land resources, the food crisis will
continue to threaten lives and livelihoods worldwide. Urbanization:
With an urban population that will double in Asia and increase by
150% in Africa between now and 2050, urbanization will create
massive social inequities and risks as well as tangible health
problems, malnutrition rates, unemployment, and income deficits,
which represent an almost permanent threat to the security of
billions. Due to population growth alone, the absolute number of
people at risk in emergencies is projected to increase. These
challenges will call for the humanitarian system to help more
people in more places (but, most likely, with fewer resources given
the financial shortfall). Slide 3 The Big Picture The number of
people displaced from conflict or violence has increased from 17.4
million in 1997 to 27.5 million in 2010, and displacements are
increasingly prolonged. The impacts of climate change and other
extreme weather events, combined with the growth of densely
populated urban centers in areas vulnerable to natural disasters,
are increasing the risk of large-scale displacement, damage and
death due to natural disasters. These trends are reflected in the
United Nations World Food Program Appeal funding requirements,
which have increased steadily over the last decade, from just under
$1 billion in 2000 to $6.8 billion in 2010. Slide 4 IDP Trends
Slide 5 Natural Disasters Trends Slide 6 Office of Food for Peace
Source: United Nations Humanitarian Appeal, Consolidated Appeal
Process, 2011 Slide 7 Office of Food for Peace Source: United
Nations Humanitarian Appeal, Consolidated Appeal Process, 2011
Slide 8 Title II average cost/metric ton (delivered) Office of Food
for Peace Slide 9 Legislative Context: Reliance on Agriculture
Appropriations Note: Does not include MARAD reimbursements, carry
over funds, and deobligations from prior year agreements. *House
proposed FY2012 Budget level. Slide 10 To Date Office of Food for
Peace Slide 11 Constant assessment of the severity of food
(in)security Increasing severity Office of Food for Peace Slide 12
Most likely food security outcomes (July September 2011) Horn of
Africa Source: FEWSNET Slide 13 2010/11 rainfall compared to
historical totals since 1950/51 in select pastoral areas of Kenya
and Ethiopia Source: FEWSNET Office of Food for Peace Slide 14
Slide 15 CHOOSING A RESPONSE: Is food aid the right response? Who
are the right people to be assisted? What are the right commodities
for these people? How much is the right amount of commodity? What
are the right programs for the vulnerable? How soon are the
commodities needed and for how long? (right time) Office of Food
for Peace 15 Slide 16 Food for Peace Emergencies Non-Emergencies
Response to rapid onset and/or complex emergencies Selected
post-emergency stabilization activities Address immediate food
needs of populations at risk Response to chronic food insecurity
Maternal and child health Environmental stabilization Sustainable
agriculture Risk mitigation and asset building Office of Food for
Peace 16 Slide 17 Title II Emergency Food Aid Overview Over $1.5
billion in FY 2010 Prioritized based on magnitude, severity of
needs Country/ Region FY10 (USD mil) Ethiopia$389.5 Sudan$275.7
Haiti$140.7 Kenya$102 Chad$98.2 Pakistan$96.8 Congo$85.7
Zimbabwe$79.5 Afghanistan$42.6 Niger$48.7 Top Ten Emergency
Recipient Countries Office of Food for Peace Slide 18 CURRENT TITLE
II NON-EMRGENCY FOOD AID STRATEGIC COUNTRY APPROACH Selection
criteria using weighted average of three food security indicators:
% of children stunted % of population living under $1.25 per day %
of population undernourished Current Focus Countries Afghanistan
Bangladesh Burkina Faso Burundi Chad DRC Ethiopia Guatemala Haiti
Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mozambique Niger Sierra
Leone Sudan Uganda Zambia In FY10, 16 awardees implemented 42
programs in 21 countries, benefitting 7.9 million people. In FY10,
development programs used approximately 500,000 MT of Title II food
assistance, valued at more than $400 million. Slide 19 PROGRAM
IMPACT EXAMPLES Bangladesh: Child stunting was reduced by 30% and
checkups during pregnancy increased from 13% to 84% DRC: 16
kilometers of irrigation canal and 27 kilometers of feeder road
repaired, allowing an increase from one to three crop cycles per
year. Agriculture co- operative members increased their median
annual incomes by 42% Sierra Leone: Farmer yields increased by 77%
for cassava, 66% for lowland rice, 65% for vegetable production
Ethiopia: Average household asset values increased 20%, food
self-sufficiency increased 29% Impact examples for Title II
Development Programs that use a combination of monetization and
direct distributions. Slide 20 Overview Over $401 million in FY
2010 Title II Non- Emergency Food Aid Top Ten Non- Emergency
Recipient Countries Country/ Region FY10 (USD mil) Ethiopia$62.2
Bangladesh$42 Haiti$36.5 Sudan$30.3 Uganda$25 Guatemala$25
Mozambique$19.6 Malawi$18 Madagascar$17.1 Congo$15.6 Office of Food
for Peace Slide 21 FOOD FOR PEACE ACTIONS IN PROGRESS TO IMPROVE
IMPACT An independent, meta-analysis looking at evidence of Title
II development program impact across 32 countries between 2006 and
2010. An evidence based research study with Tufts University to
determine program graduation options and effective exit strategies.
An IFPRI impact evaluation of large-scale, under-two, malnutrition
prevention programs to evaluate cost-effectiveness and ration
sizes. Inclusion of the 1,000 days approach for all nutrition
interventions in all Title II programs. Revision of monetization
manual to guide partners on best practices and procedures for
completing monetization transactions. Availability of new food aid
products with improved nutritional quality in FY11/12. EFSP (local
and regional procurement) Slide 22 THANK YOU! 22
