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A PROJECT REPORT ON

USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN SELF HELP GROUP OF MAHARASHTRA , IN

WARDHA AND DHULIA DISTRICT FOR ACCOUNTING

BY

SMT SWATI RAHATEKAR DUDHALE

Enrolment No: 146081744.

(July 2014 for the course PGDRD)

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF

PROF. T.V.Mahadevan

SUBMITTED TO

INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NEW DEHLI.

POST GRADUATION DIPLOMA IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT(PGDRD)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take the opportunity to express our gratitude to all the concerned people

who have directly or indirectly contributed towards completion of this

project. I extend my sincere gratitude towards.

For providing the opportunity and resources to work on this project.

I would like to express my gratitude to the Director of the institute and

internal Project Councilor Prof. T.V. Mahadevan and my course

Coordinator Prof. Ibrahim Jahagirdar with whose guidance I decided to

undertake said project faculty of whose insight encouraged me to go beyond

the scope of the project and this broadened me learning on this project.

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PREFACE

Only literacy is not sufficient in women empowerment, financial literacy is also important

and needful for every rural and urban women. Women’s are organized, independent and

empowered through Self Help Group Movement. This is the fact, but now they need to

connect with 20th

centuries era and next step to came in to string with technology.

As the SHG Accounting is a difficult task to minimum level educated women. Like a mini

bank they have to maintain manually members saving, loan-disbursement, repayment,

bank loan, member ledger etc. After Book keeping training and some practice they were

trained but it is time taking and rigorous process. If they receive assistance from

technology to maintain books of account. then they will be able to handle huge volume of

SHG financial transaction and became a independent to take any financial decision as well

as reporting to block ,state level bank, government agencies ,NGOs ,individual SHG to

entire programme..

NABARD bank is upscale the project on E-Book Keeping and MIS System, based on

Web and Tablet. The use of Advance Technology on Web & Tablet based SHG

Accounting & MIS System improved women confidence, transparency, performance and

financial literacy level.

The Stake holders of SHG movement and Women Empowerment like Government, Bank,

NGOs, Individuals and forum now need to understand and purposely adopt advance

technology of SHG Accounting & MIS System for development and financial literacy of

women.

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DECLARATION.

I Smt. Swati Rahatekar Dudhale,Student of India Gandhi Open University

(Centre Pune) here by solemnly declare that the project title” Use of

Technology in Self Help Group of Maharashtra In Wardha And Dhulia

District for SHG Accounting” is my original as all the information, facts and

figure in this report is based on my own experience and study during my

diploma course.

PLACE:PUNE Smt. Swati Rahatekar Dudhale

DATE: PGDRD

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CERTIFICATE

I Certify that this Project Report “Use of Technology in Self Help Group of

Maharashtra In Wardha and Dhulia District for Accounting”. Submitted to

the Indira Gandhi Open University, New Delhi, For Award of PGDRD

Diploma, is a record of independent research work carried out by Smt. Swati

Rahatekar Dudhle, Manger at Leaps & Bounds Technologies Pvt. Ltd, Pune.

Under my supervision and guidance This has not been previously submitted

for the award of any degree, diploma, associateship or other similar title.

Pune. Prof T.V.Mahadevan

Date: Research Counselor

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CERTIFICATE

I Certify that this Project Report “Use of Technology in Self Help Group of

Maharashtra In Wardha and Dhulia District for Accounting”. Submitted to

the Indira Gandhi Open University, New Delhi, For Award of PGDRD

Diploma, is a record of independent research work carried out by Smt. Swati

Rahatekar Dudhle, Manger at Leaps & Bounds Technologies Pvt. Ltd, Pune.

Under my supervision and guidance This has not been previously submitted

for the award of any degree, diploma, associateship or other similar title.

Pune. Prof. Ebrahim Jahagirdar

Date: Course Coordinator

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INDEX

Cover Page………………………………………………………………………………..1.

Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………..2.

Preface…………………………………………………………………………………….3.

Declaration………………………………………………………………………………..4.

Certificate……………………………………………………………………………….5-6

1.Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..8-9

2.Executive Summery/Background…………………………………………………10-12

3.Challenges & Requirement For SHG In Book Keeping…………………………13-14

4.Need For Digitization………………………………………………………………15-16

5.Bringing Technology To the SHG………………………………………………...17-18

6.Methodology Of Study……………………………………………………………..19-24

7.Data Analysis……………………………………………………………………….25-44

8.Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….44-45

9.Recommendation/Additional Recommendation…………………………………46-47

Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………..48

Apendices-1 Questionnaire …………………………………………………………49-54

2 Tablet Photographs.…………………………………………………..55-57

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CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

Self Help Group (SHG) is now a well known concept. It is now almost two

decade old . It is reported that the SHGs have a role in hastening country’s

economic development. SHGs have now evolved as a movement.

SHG Accounting & MIS

The micro-credit programme for the self help groups(SHG) started way back

in 1992. Till now almost 75 lakh SHGs are linked to Banks and have

received finance more than Rs.31,200 corers from Banks. Now SHGs are

looking after their own small or big needs from SHG movement. Some

Women have started their own micro-enterprises business. SHGs loan

repayment is almost 98%, due to which Banks & Financial institutions are

interested in giving finance to these groups.

Accounting.

However till date 2011 it is found that SHGs are deprived of ‘Financial

Literacy’ per say. Lack of proper account keeping is major area of concern in

sustainability of SHGs. They do keep records of financial transactions but

don’t understand the basics of accounting & can’t produce financial records

asked by banks for loan purposes. Although SHG accounts are simple, the

problem arises as majority of SHG members are illiterate or semiliterate.

Majority of SHG members do not understand terms such as balance sheet or

profit and loss account. Even they do not understand clearly of financial

position of their own SHG. If they are provided proper tools of accounting

then it will boost the SHG movement further to new heights. It will help

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overall Banking System as well, reduce SHGs dependence on external

support and make SHG as sustainable institution. it will speed up the process

of financial deliveries. For SHGs , even up to member level they can

understand Profit/Loss & start dividend sharing among them.

MIS

As the volume of Self Help Groups is rising sharply, the quantitative and

qualitative information gathering and analysis of that information is

becoming a cumbersome task. Therefore Government, Banks, NGOs,

NABARD and International Funding agencies are feeling the need of some

kind of assistance for monitoring & evaluation of these groups. The

software application can definitely help into timely monitoring and

evaluation of SHGs progress and can give the indications of the

trends/condition of the individual SHG to entire programme.

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CHAPTER-2

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY/BACKGROUND:

In 1991-92 NABARD started promoting self-help groups on a large scale.

And it was the real take-off point for the SHG Movement In 1993. The

Reserve Bank of India also allowed SHG to open saving accounts in banks.

Facility of availing bank services was a major boost to the movement.

Now nearly 560 Banks & Organizations like NABARD, Bank of

Maharashtra, State Bank of India, Cooperative Banks ,Regional rural banks,

the Government Institutions like Mahila Arthik Vikas Mahamandal(Mavim).

District Rural Development Agency(DRDA),Municipal Corporations and

more than 3,024 NGOs are collectively and actively involved in the

promotion of SHG.

SSSafter promotion by NABARD and other bank for the SHG movement , it is a

challenge to all SHG’s to produce their books of accounts to the bank.

accurately.

Defining Self-Help Groups in India.

A Self-Help Group(SHG) is informal and self managed voluntary group of

12-20 individuals, usually women from a common village or neighborhood

who are engaged in credit and savings activities operating on principles of

mutuality and solidarity. This model essentially formalizes and supports

existing informal savings funds that have operated in villages for hundreds of

years. Supported and nurtured by India’s National Bank for Agriculture and

Rural Development (NABARD), the SHG program in India gained

popularity in the early 1990’s and reaches more than 16 million households

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today. The goal of SHG is “ To reduce the economic vulnerability of its

members using pool resources and collective strength” SHGs are formed to

achieve the following Objectives.:

To access available and affordable credit for consumption and

production needs of the members

To inculcate a savings habit among members, providing for income

smoothing through out the year.

SHGs accumulate pools of money through their own savings. Eventually they

may also access loans form banks and other commercial institutions. This

money is redistributed within the group as loans, to be repaid with interest at

regularly scheduled group meetings. Most SHG transactions are conducted

during these meeting, This includes monthly subscriptions by each member,

savings deposits and withdrawals, loan disbursements and repayments, and

transactions related to other financial products of group functions.

A SHG is composed of members and two elected representatives, the

President and Treasure, SHG decisions are taken during group meetings by

consensus among the members and representatives. These include decisions

regarding the following issues:

-Minimum level of attendance for members.

-Framing group and members responsibility for various activities.

-Framing the mode of conduct of meeting.

-Deciding procedures for amendments to the rules and regulations.

-Setting quorum requirements for decision making.

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-Fixing regular subscription amount for the members.

-Fixing interest rates on member loans.

-Setting a penalty for late repayment of loans.

-Setting a penalty for late payment of subscriptions

-Setting administration fees for loan processing.

-Deciding minimum cash-in-hand to be maintained by the SHG.

*Monthly subscription are member contributions to the group’s rotating fund.

These can only be liquidated at the closing of a group.

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CHAPTER-3

CHALLENGES AND REQUIREMENTS FOR BOOK KEEPING IN

SHGs:

Book keeping is a difficult task for SHGs. Most SHG members are

minimally educated, and may be illiterate or semi-literate. Regardless, every

SHG should be aware of the status of its outstanding loans to members, the

status of its loans from external institutions, and the member payments due at

the next meeting.

This information is required for financial planning, pursuing delinquent

payments, and deciding whether to issue further loan to a member. Knowing

the credit history of each member helps in deciding upon future loan

disbursements. Accurate and timely bookkeeping ensures that accounting

procedure are followed and are in compliance with the rules of the SHG.

The reporting of financial information is also vital task and is crucial for

accurately representing the SHG to outside agencies. Financial reports

indicate the profitability and financial position of the group and can be used

by banks and other commercial financial institution to judge the credit

worthiness of a SHG.

There are many other potential users of this information., In addition to the

SHG and financial institutions, The SHG promoting institution (SHPI) can

use performance reports to target training and capacity building activities and

apex level agencies such as NABARD (National Bank For Agricultural and

Rural Development), SIDBI (Small Industries Development Bank of India)

and RBI (Reserve Bank of India) can use aggregated reports to judge the

overall health of the SHG industry.

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Bookkeeping and Management Information Systems.

To maximize the benefits, group-level bookkeeping must be linked with a

Management Information System(MIS) that helps each stakeholder in

making effective and efficient decisions, The goal of a Management

Information System is to provide accurate and timely information for making

decisions. The quality of an MIS for managing SHGs depends on the quality

of the following components

SHG Bookkeeping

Standard records maintained at the SHG level include the members’

passbooks, receipts, vouchers, ledgers, etc These records provide the raw

data that feeds into the MIS. Their accuracy and timely maintenance

determine the overall quality and usefulness of the MIS

Financial Statements.

Standard financial statements such as the Receipts and Payments statement,

Income and Expenditure Statement and the balance sheet inform the SHG

and its observers about the SHG and its observers about the SHG’s financial

position. Timely preparation of these reports ensures that all stakeholders are

vigilant about the group’s position and any irregularities.

Other Reports.

Well-designed reports can help all stakeholders in the decision making

process. Reports should be designed to provide the most pertinent

information for a particular process or task. They should be prepared on a

regular basis to ensure that the most up-to-date information is available when

making decisions.

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CHAPTER-4

THE NEED FOR DIGITIZATION:

The need for digitization of records of SHGs has been felt for quite some

time due to problems in manual book keeping. Transparent and proper

maintenance of records of SHGs will facilitate nurturing and strengthening of

SHGs and will lead to enhanced confidence among the members as also in

the banks.

Poor rural community and members of SHGs, Self Help Promoting

Institutions (SHPIs), Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) Banks,

NABARD, Government Development Department and agencies like SLRMs,

NLRM etc. will be stakeholders of the project. At a later stage, Credit

Bureaus may also be brought on board.

Digital empowerment will help in bringing SHGs on a common web based e-

platform by making book keeping easy for low literacy clients. This will help

in promoting national agenda of Financial Inclusion and pave the way for

credibility of SHG data which can later be fed in to Credit Bureaus to address

the issues related to multiple and excess financing by banks.

Digitization of microfinance sector, including that of SHG-BLP is very

essential. At the SHG level, Since book keeping has been an area of concern,

integration of information technology will be useful for improving efficiency

and monitoring technological interventions at different levels i.e. at SHG

level, SHPI level, Bank level and at National Level are envisaged. While

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using technology. Efforts to be made to keep it simple and user friendly so as

to enhance client comfort accuracy and ease the work process at branch level.

Objectives:

1.To study the introduction of digitization of accounting.

2. To study the present accounting system used by the SHG.

3. To study the usefulness of the software used by NABARD for the use of

SHG Accounting.

4. To study the impact of these software for the usefulness and its benefits to

SHG.

Objectives of Digitization.

To bring in transparency in the book keeping process by enhancing trust

among the group members .

As observing and evaluating SHG accounting task is difficult to SHG

member and other stake holder various pilot project implemented to develop

SHG Accounting & MIS System as mention below

NABARD gave 3 pilots in 2012

Tablet based in Nandurbar, Maharashtra

Mobile based in Tamilnadu

POS machine based in West Bengal

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CHAPTER-5

BRINGING TECHNOLOGY TO THE SHGs

In an attempt to bring the benefits of the information technology to rural

poor, NABARD launched three Pilots Projects using ICT based solutions

to streamline the accounting and book keeping in SHGs.

A. Mobile based accounting system

This system help SHG’s to maintain their financial transaction

electronically in their local language and allows monitoring of the same by

all stakeholders was implemented for 100 SHGs in Dharampuri district of

Tamil Nadu. Under this system, SHGs update their transactions, meeting

details by sending SMS from their mobile phones which is loaded with the

software developed by NABARD. The data gets updated in the website in

real time which can be accessed by all stakeholders with individual Login

Ids. After the success of the pilot to the satisfaction of all stakeholders, the

project has been up scaled for 10,000 SHGs. The Technology Service

provider in collaboration with the Self-help promoting institutions (SHPI)

will impart training and technical support. The SHGs will be charged

Rs.35/-per month for the services. NABARD has sanctioned Rs. 12.00

Lac as grant for bearing a part of SHGs monthly charges for first two

years.

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B. Tablet PC based accounting system for SHG’s.

This is also a web-based solution ,designed to monitor the day to day

transactions of SHGs and MIS on a real time basis by entering data in

tablet PC. Each tablet PC caters to 35 SHGs. The field staff of NGO

records the transactions and the SHGs get a copy of the records by paying

fees. The pilot was successfully completed in January 2013 in 100 SHGs

of Nandurbar district of Maharashtra. The project has now been up scaled

for 50000 of SHGs Where NABARD will give grant assistance up to Rs

60 Lac to bear part of the monthly charges of SHGs in the first two years.

The SHGs will pay a flat rate of Rs 40- every month for the services for

next three years.

C. Web Based MIS for tracking SHPIs.

NABARD launched a web based application for real time updating of the

progress made by its assisted SHPIs in formation and credit linkage of

SHGs. The website www.nabardshg.in also monitors progress of

programmes like WSHG, Priyadarshini and RGMVP. The SHPIs upload

their progress after registration and can download important circulars,

training materials, etc. State wise, district wise, project wise and SHPI

wise reports can be generated on real time basis. As on 30 September

2014, 2942 partner SHPIs had registered and up-dated their progress in the

website.

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CHAPTER-6

METHODOLOGY OF STUDY: -

1 Methodology.

Through NGOs and Government institutes are promoting SHGs on a large

scale. It is necessary to choose the sample and sample size properly.

2. Sample.

It was random sampling for the study, 35 SHG Women Accountant from 2

district were selected randomly .Through this process 2 districts of

Maharashtra were covered. Data were as collected using questionnaires for

interviews of individuals and head of the MIS Unit. Number of interviews

held with 35 individuals form 6 blocks and 10 different villages. To collect

data and information concerning the objectives stated in the previous chapter,

Questionnaires were administered for the SHG Village Organization

accountant.

Table Showing Total Distribution.

District Individuals

Dhule 17 wardha 18 Total 35

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3. The criteria used for sample selection.

Though the SHG accounting & MIS system activity help financial

empowerment & skill development of women., the change in their familial

and social status and sense of organizational bonding, the awakening of self

confidence and self-respect as well as social and economical awareness .

SHG accountant should have sufficient experience of maintaining SHG

books of accounts, Hence the following criteria were used for sample

selection.

1) The SHG tablet user should be 6 to 24 month old.

2) The sample should be represents to entire project. Hence we tried to

cover all talukas and tahshil of the districts.

3) 5 SHG accountant from each block of district were selected. All shg

accountant were interviewed. As the end user of SHG Accounting

Tablet base Software were from Rural area.

4) The information about the all two project ,who have promoted these

SHG accounting tablet base software user collected for the study. The

project promoted by stakeholder like Banks, Government institutes

were also selected in the sample.

4. Tools. There are very few studies ,related to SHG Accounting Technologies

conducted by government and banks.

Similarly articles and reports are published in Newspapers and periodicals.

SHG Promoting Institutes, Bank , Ngo’s also publish their annual describing

the gains of the activity.

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Literature was studied while preparing the tools for the study, Two types of

tools were used for the study.

They were:

Interviews

Questionnaire

Qualitative as well as quantitative method of data collection was used. To

achieve the purpose ,questionnaires for the study of individual were prepared.

5. Interviews

Qualitative as well as Quantitative method of data collection was used. To

achieve the purpose, questionnaires were prepared for the study of individual,

group. Total two interviews for the studies were held, they are included in the

report, Because they are most perfect and give profile of SHG Accounting

and Monitoring web & Tab based software.

As the SHG accountant women were literate ( 10th pass well versed with read

and write) all the members were interviewed, with the help of the

questionnaires.

6. The Questionnaire.

By studying the questionnaires that are used in the various studies related to

the SHG Accounting activity and the experiences of the SHG promoters the

questionnaires were prepared.

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A)The questionnaire for individual study.

The questionnaire for individual study contains 20 questions, out of them all

questions are fixed alternative type. The options of answers are given and the

individuals have to choose one of the options. The remaining questions are

open ended the questionnaire progresses form general to specific questions.

The first part of the questionnaire contains the individual information like

name, address and age, educational qualification of the member.

The second part of the questionnaire covers the following points:

1) About the manually accounting of the group.

2) About the problem faces for maintaining the account.

3) Time taking process.

4) Errors in manual accounting

5) Using Tablet for accounting.

6) Learning Technology.

7) Save time & energy .

8) Double the performance.

9) Permanent use in future.

10) At a glance report of SHGs.

11)All member aware about their financial transaction in time.

12) Increase Social status, self Confidence ,

13) Real time data .

14) Work proof.

The questionnaire used for data collection are given in the Appendices. The

language of the questionnaire was English.

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C) Case Studies

As a Domain & Training Expert (of ASP Company) I have conducted

following Two project case studies.

1)SHG E-Book Keeping Pilot Project at Wardha district of Maharashtra

(Project implemented by Maharashtra State Rural Livelihood Mission,)

In the present world, mobile phones and tablets are considered revolutionary

concepts to flow the data. because of that, Mission Umed feels that a tablet

based E-Book Keeping system for SHGs would be a great help for SHGs as a

complementary or stand alone E-Book Keeping System with the tablets, there

can be a web based solution, designed to monitor the day to day activities

along with MIS on a real time basis. Data can be entered at local sites in the

village level through tables as and when either at completion of financial

transaction or monthly activity, Graphical as well as analytical reports will

help to monitor the particular SHG at Micro level.

For the pilot purpose of SHG e-bookkeeping activity, three blocks

Deoli,Wardha and Seloo of Wardha district are selected. In these three blocks

Mission Umed is working with around 2000 SHGs federated under

approximately 160 village organization.(VOs)

2) SHG Accounting and MIS System –Project at Dhulia district of

Maharashtra (Project Implemented by( Lupin Human Welfare & Research

Foundation)

Lupin Human Welfare & Research Foundation (LHWRF) is an independent

entity of Lupin Limited, implementing Lupin CSR activities all over India.

This organization has been registered under Societies Act/ Trust act and

exempted under 35 AC and 80 G. LHWRF is also entitled to take foreign

funding through its Foreign Contribution Regulation Act account.

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Lupin CSR activity implemented in Dhulia district of Maharashtra .

Technology and skill development ,Conversions is one of the main objective

of LHWRF.

Under NABARD ADD ON SHG Linkages programme Lupin form around

5000 SHGs and for the purpose of SHG Accounting & MIS System four

blocks Shirpur, Sakri, Sindkheda & Dhulia of Dhulia district are Selected .

.

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CHAPTER-7

DATA ANALYSIS

1)Summary of Finding and Conclusion.

2)Summary of result individuals interviewer

In Two districts of the state of Maharashtra, the questionnaire was

administered to 35 SHG Accountant from 60 SHG.

Part1-of the questionnaire administered to the individuals–tables &

description.

Table no.1

:the experience of SHG Accountant from when they start work.

0-12 Month

12-36 36-60 Total

13

22 None 35

33%

77% 0% 100%

Thus it shows that out of 100% women using tablet .

77% of women have more than one year experience of using tablet .

33% women have less than 12 month experience.

33%

77%

0%

Using Tablet

0-12 Month

12-36 Month

36-60 Month

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Table No 2:

the problem faces in maintaining the Books of Accounts Manually

Lack of

Accuracy

Time consuming

process

Errors in

Record

Mobility Total

9 8 11 7 35

26%

23% 31% 20% 100%

Thus following problems were observed in manual accounting.

26% Lack of Accuracy .

23%Time Consuming.

31% Errors in record.

20% Mobility.

All above problem were equally faced by respondent .these four are the

major problems.

26%

23% 31%

20%

Manual Accounting

Lack of Accuracy

Time Taking

Errors

Mobility

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Table No : 3

Is Groups monthly meeting target achieved or not?

Strongly

agree

Moderately

agree

Cant Say Strongly

Disagree

Moderately

Disagree

Total

4 5 17 6 4 35

10% 10% 50% 20% 10% 100%

It Shows groups monthly meeting completed out of 100% women

10%women strongly agree

10% Moderately agree.

50% Cant Say.

20% Strongly Disagree.

10% Moderately Disagree.

Conclusion: Groups Monthly Meeting is mandatory for members, above data

shows 50% of them cant say ,only 10% women agree for Monthly Meeting

target( completion).

0% 5%

10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

Monthly meeting in time

Monthly meeting in time

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Table No: 4

Percetage of Balance Sheet Prepare For Each Self Help Group.

Yes No Total

31 4 35

90% 10% 100%

It shows out of 100% group member Prepare Balance Sheet as

90% group women Yes.

10% group women No.

Conclusion:

Maximum groups prepare Balance sheet .Balance Sheet is most important

document for groups accounting, 10% of groups which form in current period

they need to prepare balance sheet after some time.

90%

10%

Balance sheet for each Self Help Group

Yes

No

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Table No 5:

Time required to update SHG BOA manually

1-8hour

1 day 1 week 1 month Total

16

13 6 none 35

46%

37% 17% 0% 100%

According to the above data ,it is clear that out of 100% women

46% women took 1-8 hour to update BOA manually,

37% Accountant take minimum one day and

17 % of 35 require one week to update the record.

Conclusion:

It is observed that , If all Monthly transactions are completed, For manual

book keeping 1 to 8 hour minimum time is required. other wise it will take

one day. if one Group member could not attend the meeting, if one of them

out of village in that circumstances it will take more than one week also.

46%

37%

17%

0%

1-3 hours

one day

One week

One Month

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Table No: 6

Table implying that Manual SHG Accounting is Difficult Task

Strongly Agree

Moderately

Agree

Cant Say Total

23

12 None 35

66%

33% 1% 100%

Thus it show that

66% SHG Accountant strongly agree that Manually SHG Accounting is

difficult task

33% accountant moderately agree.

1% Cant Say.

Conclusion:

To maintain all Records such as SHG saving, repayment loan, Interest,

Member account, bank balance, cash in hand it is a really difficult task .

66%

33%

1%

Dificult task

Strongly Agree

Moderately Agree

Cant Say

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Table No:7

Table shows feelings before using tablet pc.

Scared Doubtful Curious Total

7 14 14 35

20% 40% 40% 100%

According to above data it shows out of 100% women

20% women was Scared.

40% of them Doubtful.

40% women Curious.

Conclusion:

Actually Software is user friendly but before using they have not any idea

and technically not trained that’s why they were feel scared, Doubtful and

curious.

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Scared. Doubtful. curious.

Feelings Before Using Tablet pc.

feel Before using tablet pc.

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Table No:8

Time period since the members started using tablets..

One month

Six month One Year Two Year Total

None

20 5 10 35

0%

57 % 14 % 29 % 100%

Thus it show that out of 100% women respondent

57 % SHG accountant use tablet from six month ,

14 % women form one year and

29 % women are using tablet form two year.

Conclusion:

NABARD started upscale the project from 2011 at national level after

successfully implementation of Tablet based Pilot project With Nandurbar

District Central Cooperative Bank For SHG Accounting and MIS system.

Now the volume of Tablet User showing above figures in two districts of

Maharashtra with 60 SHG accountant.

0%

57%

14%

29% One Month

Six Month

One Year

Two Year

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Table No : 9 Table showing time required to enter the monthly data through tablet

15Minute

30Minute 45Minute Total

21

14 None 35

60%

40% 0% 100%

It show that out of 100% Women respondent

60% of SHG accountant entered monthly data in 15 minute ,

40% in 30 Minute .

0% One Hour.

Conclusion :

While interviewing Tablet user women they explained that if record is up to

date then within 15 minute one month transaction is entered. If record is

incomplete then it will take more 15 minute. Majority of women completed

their monthly record in 15 minute ,while manually it will take one hour to

three hour.

60%

40%

0%

Time Requir

15-30 minute

30-45 miniut

One Hour

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Table No:10

Satisfaction % with Report Generated from Tablet

Yes

No Total

33

2 35

94%

6 % 100%

Thus it show that out of 100% women respondent .

Nearly 96% SHG accountant satisfied with tablet generated report .

6% accountant want more report.

Conclusion:

While interviewing it was observed that they are satisfied with tablet

generated report .

94%

6%

Yes

No

- 35 -

Table No:11

Usability of Tablet Permanently?

Yes

No Total

34

1 35

97%

3% 100%

.

Thus it show that out of 100% women respondent

Nearly 100% women like to use tablet permanently for SHG accounting

Conclusion:

They are very happy to skip the manual record keeping slowly , After some

time no need to maintain Register and Books of Account.

97%

3%

Using Tablet Permanently

Yes

No

- 36 -

Table No:12

Features of SHG Accounting & MIS System

Features Transparency

Accuracy Mobility Safety Confidential

Responses 25

24 30 35 35

Percentage 71% 69% 86% 100% 100%

Women who are using tablet mention the feature that is

71 %,Transparency

69 %,Accuracy

86 %,Mobility

100 %, safety.

100 %,Confidentiality.

Conclusion:

The Utility of the software shows 70 – 100 % means it must reliable and

accurate as well as safe and confidential.

20%

23%

14%

23%

20%

Transparancy

Accuracy

Mobility

Safety

Confidentiality

- 37 -

Table No:13

Table shows changes with group member after using tablet pc on monthly

transaction.

Regular

Saving

Regular

Repayment

Increase

Attendance in

Monthly Meeting

Strengthening of the

Group

29 29 21 17

80% 80% 60% 50%

80% group regular saving.

80% groups repay loan regularly

60%Member attendance increase in monthly meeting

50% groups strengthen

Conclusion:

after using tablet for Groups monthly transaction. it generate real time &

transparent report, so because of transparency above changes ,regularity

occurred with group member. It will help to strengthening the groups.

80%

80%

60%

50%

Changes with group member

Regular Saving

Regular Repayment

Increase Attendance in Monthly Meeting

Strengthening of the Group.

- 38 -

Table No:14

Changes occurred in SHG women Accountant.

Using

Tablet

Increase

d in

confiden

ce level

Increas

ed in

literacy

level

Increased in

the rate of

Maintaining

Independent

Account

Increased

in co-

ordination

among

members

Increased

self status

Total

Before 10% 5% 5% 10% 5%

9 5 6 8 7 35

After 26%

14% 17% 23% 20% 100%

Conclusion:

1) After using the Tablet Total confidence level increased by 16%.

2)There was increased in literacy rate by 9%.

3)Improvement by 12% in the rate of maintaining separate account.

4) Co-ordination between the members increased by 13% .

5) Self status increased by 15%.

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

changes after using tablet

changes after using tablet

- 39 -

Table No:15

Need of reports from the given options to be generated in this software?

Type of

Training

SHG Gradation Product Marketing

29 17 29

80% 50% 80%

1) 80% of women Accountant need type of training report generated form

S/w

2) 50% respondent for SHG Gradation Report.

3) 80% Women Accountant need For Product Marketing through S/W.

Conclusion:

This is the additional report which they want to generate form SHG

Accounting S/W.

80%

50%

80%

More Report From S/W

Type of Training

SHG Gradation.

Product Marketing.

- 40 -

Table No:16

you came across any alternative technology used for SHG accounting

before?.

Yes No Total

07 28 35

20% 80% 100%

Women Respondent use any technology or S/W before this

1) 10% Accountant Came across with other technology before this.

2) 90% Women Accountant never know before.

Conclusion:

Tablet based SHG Accounting Software first time introduced in Maharashtra,

Other than this Desk Top based Software in practices in some project.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Yes No

Any Other Technology

Any Other Technology

- 41 -

Table No:17

problem’s faced while using the software?

Yes No Total

04 31 35

10% 90% 100%

While using the tablet by SHG Accountant

10% of them faces the problems.

90% of them not have any problem.

Conclusion:

While Using tablet by SHG Accountant there is no any problem faced, only

some of them because of connectivity , device or operating problem faces.

10%

90%

0

Problems in the S/W

Yes

No

- 42 -

Table No:18

Percentage of Less the paper work ?

Yes No Total

21 14 35

60% 40% 100%

Thus it shows Out of 100% respondent

60% SHG accountant say Yes.

40% SHG accountant Say No.

Conclusion:

Uses of Tablet to maintain SHG Books of Accounts it reduces the paper work

beside maintaining various books for documentation and data base for each

group. After some time ( one year) there is no need to maintain various

books.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Yes No

Less Paper Work

Less Paper Work

- 43 -

Table No:19

Financial report helpful to bankers and offices.?

Yes No Total

28 07 35

80% 20% 100%

Thus it shows out of 100% women respondent,

80% Says financial report is helpful.

20% respondent say No.

Conclusion:

It is observed that 80% of SHG Accountant says that the report generated

from software is suitable to bankers and government officials to sanction the

loan or funds. only 20% is not suitable due to technical problems.

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Yes No

financial report helpful to bankers and Govt.

financial report helpful to bankers and Govt.

- 44 -

Table No:20

ready to teach software to group member

Yes No Total

34 1 35

99% 1% 100

It shows that out of 100% SHG accountant

99% SHG Accountant ready .

Only 1% SHG Accountant say No

Conclusion:

It is a hand holding process of software to SHG Group Member, so while

interviewing with SHG Accountant all are ready to hand holding the process

to group member. ownership of Device and Software remain with Groups

Only.

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Yes No

ready to teach software to group member

ready to teach software to group member

- 45 -

CHAPTER - 8

CONCLUSION

By Using NABARD SHG Accounting Software it help Self Help

Group Accounting, which Boost Up the SHG Women.

Manual SHG Accounting is difficult task for SHG women.

Real time data is not available If record is not updated.

Transparency is maintained in Web & Tab based SHG Accounting

while transparency is not maintained in manual SHG book keeping.

Rectification can made easily in SHG Accounting Software, Receive

accurate record of SHG.

Financial literacy level increases by Use of Tablet Software ,now they

can take their decision faster.

Because of Visible transaction on tablet of each member, monthly

meeting present increases., meeting starts time and the accumulation

of saving, repayment money in time.

Every member can see their SHG account information in a one click.

- 46 -

Available separate login for stakeholder, so they can get General,

financial, statistical information at SHG, Member ,block, district, State

& National Level.

Government, Bankers, NGOs, can receive consolidated

report/information immediately.

- 47 -

CHAPTER-9

RECOMMENDATION

Use of Advance Technology and various skills Training should be

given to SHG women for empowerment and financial inclusion.

Innovative Pilot Project and their implementation consistently

followed for the poor and marginalized communities.

If Permanent use of Tablet based software by SHG women for SHG

accounting, manual book keeping can be reduced.

This increases the performance of women and reduce time and labor

work so efficiency can increased.

Availability of Internet connection is must for this project.

For accurate Social & financial Master Data collection a suitable

system need to develop.

Care should be taken to feed correct financial data and must be

Verified with Hard copies of Books of Account.

Planned format & task should be finalized before customization of

Tablet application.

- 48 -

ADDITIONAL RECOMMENDATION FOR FUTURE PLAN.

Master Data Collection on tablet : Master Data can be Collect

directly on tablet from SHG Member at village level and then uploaded

on website.

Sensitization of the Project Staff - Before starting the project

Sensitization of project staff is important factor in this process.

offline mode – Entry should be on the website offline mode.

Application on Smart Phone- This application can be downloaded on

Smart Phone . so anyone can use it.

- 49 -

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Web sites:

www.google.com

www.nabard.org

www.eshakti.nabard.org

www.umed.org.in

1) “An evaluation of impact of SHG on the Social empowerment of

women In Maharashtra’’

Publish By- Drushti Stree Adhyayan Prabhodhan Kendra,National

Commission for women.

2) “Promoting Quality Bookkeeping in Self Help Groups-The

Mahakalasm Management Information System.”

Publish By -Tapan S.Parikh, Kannaiyan Sasikumar and

Sundermoorthy Olaganathan.

3) Annual Report- 14-15-Publish By –NABARD.

- 50 -

Appendices

1)QUESTIONNAIRE

Dear Sir/Madam I am a student of Indira Gandhi National Open University-

New -Delhi, Center- Pune.(IGNOU) I am doing my Post Graduate Diploma

in Rural Development.(PGRDD).As part of my curriculum I have selected

the Subject “Use of Technology In Self Help Group of Maharashtra In

Wardha and Dhulia District For Accounting ” as my project work. Thus I am

submitting my questionnaire to your kind opinion. This questionnaire is only

for the study purpose.

Thanking You,

Yours Faithfully,

Smt. Swati Rahatekar Dudhale

PERSONAL DATA

NAME.

ADDRESS

SELF HELP GROUP NAME

DESIGNATION

1) How long you registered in the Self Help Group.

a) 0-12 month

b) 12-36

c) 36-60

- 51 -

2) Which problem you faces while maintaining the books of accounts

manually?

a) Lack of accuracy

b) Time consuming process

c) Errors in record

d) Mobility problem from one place to another.

3) Is monthly meeting completed in time?

a) Strongly agree

b) Moderately agree

c) can’t say

4) Do you Prepare Balance Sheet For Each Self Help Group.

a) Yes

b) No.

5) How much time you require to update your SHG Books of Accounts

manually?

a) 1-8 hours

b) One Day

c) One Week

d)One Month

e) Cant Say

6) To maintain SHG Books of accounting manually is difficult task

a) Strongly agree

b) Moderately agree

- 52 -

c) can’t say

5) from when you started to use tablet pc to enter your SHG Monthly

meeting Transaction?

a) One Month.

b) Six Month.

c) One Year .

d)Two Year ..

6) How much time it take to entered the monthly meeting transaction?

a) 15 minute

b) 30 minute

c) 45 minute

7) What You feel Before using tablet pc.

a) Scared.

b) Doubtful.

c) curious.

8) from when you started to use tablet pc to enter your SHG Monthly

meeting Transaction?

a) One Month.

b) Six Month.

c) One Year .

d)Two Year .

e) more than two year.

- 53 -

9) How much time it take to entered the monthly meeting transaction?

a) 15 minute

b) 30 minute

c) 45 minute

d)One Hour

e) Cant Say

10) Are you satisfied the report generated form tablet after entering

Monthly data.

a) Yes.

b) No.

11) Did you like to use this technology permanently to maintain the

Groups account.

a)Yes

b) No

12) What type of Features you find in this MIS System.

a) Transparency

b) Accuracy

c) Mobility

d) Safety

e) Confidentiality

13)what changes you feel with group member after using tablet pc for

monthly transaction.

- 54 -

a) Regular Saving

b) Regular Repayment

c) Increase Attendance in Monthly Meeting

d)Strengthening of the Group.

14) What changes seen in SHG women accountant after using tablet pc.

a) Increased confidence level.

b) Increased literacy level

c) Maintain Independent account.

d) increased Coordination between member.

e) Increased self status.

15)Do you want report’s from the given option’s to be generated in this

software?

a) Type of Training

b) SHG Gradation.

c) Product Marketing.

16)Have you came across any other technology for SHG accounting

before.

a) Yes.

b) No.

17) Did you faced Any problems in the software?

a) Yes.

b) No.

- 55 -

18)Did you feel it Less the paper work

a) Yes.

b)No.

19) Is financial report helpful to bankers and offices.?

a) Yes.

b)No.

20) Are you ready to teach software to group member.?

a) Yes

b)No.

- 56 -

2)Tablet Photographs.

- 57 -

NABARD Bank Chairman Appreciation.

Word Bank Dignitaries Visit at Nandurbar SHG Member

- 58 -

SHG Women Accountant Operating Tablet PC from Dhule and Wardha District SHGs

- 59 -