USI. 8 a USI. 8 a Westward ExpansionWestward Expansion1801-18611801-1861

America establishes its America establishes its boundariesboundaries

By Jeff FaustBy Jeff Faust

Big Ideas…Big Ideas… Between 1801 and 1861, exploration was Between 1801 and 1861, exploration was

encouraged as America underwent vast encouraged as America underwent vast territorial expansionterritorial expansion and settlement. and settlement.

Westward migration was influenced by Westward migration was influenced by geography and economic opportunity. geography and economic opportunity.

Prior to the Civil War, most Prior to the Civil War, most industrialization in America was in the industrialization in America was in the North; however, the equipment produced North; however, the equipment produced in the North had an impact on the farming in the North had an impact on the farming society in the South. society in the South.

The abolitionists worked to end slavery.The abolitionists worked to end slavery. The suffrage movement helped women The suffrage movement helped women

gain equal rights. gain equal rights.

Post-Revolutionary Post-Revolutionary AmericaAmerica

The Louisiana PurchaseThe Louisiana Purchase

New territories added to the New territories added to the United States after 1801United States after 1801

Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase Jefferson bought land from France (the Jefferson bought land from France (the

Louisiana Purchase), which doubled Louisiana Purchase), which doubled the size of the United States.the size of the United States.

In the Lewis and Clark expedition, In the Lewis and Clark expedition, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark Meriwether Lewis and William Clark explored the Louisiana Purchase from explored the Louisiana Purchase from the Mississippi River to the Pacific the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean.Ocean.

Lousiana PurchaseLousiana Purchase

Other TerritoriesOther Territories

FloridaFlorida– Spain gave Florida to the United States through a Spain gave Florida to the United States through a

treaty.treaty. TexasTexas

– Texas was added after it became an independent Texas was added after it became an independent republic.republic.

OregonOregon– The Oregon Territory was divided by the United The Oregon Territory was divided by the United

States and Great Britain.States and Great Britain. CaliforniaCalifornia

– War with Mexico resulted in California and the War with Mexico resulted in California and the southwest territory becoming part of the United southwest territory becoming part of the United States.States.

Florida, Texas, Oregon, Florida, Texas, Oregon, CaliforniaCalifornia

USI 8.bUSI 8.bFactors affecting Factors affecting westward expansionwestward expansion Geographic and economic Geographic and economic

factors that influenced westward factors that influenced westward movementmovement– Population growthPopulation growth in the eastern states in the eastern states– Availability of Availability of cheap, fertile landcheap, fertile land– Economic opportunityEconomic opportunity, e.g., gold , e.g., gold

(California Gold Rush), logging, farming, (California Gold Rush), logging, farming, freedom (for runaway slaves)freedom (for runaway slaves)

Factors affecting Factors affecting westward expansion westward expansion continued………continued………

– Cheaper and faster transportationCheaper and faster transportation, , e.g., rivers and canals (Erie Canal), e.g., rivers and canals (Erie Canal), steamboatssteamboats

– Knowledge of overland trailsKnowledge of overland trails (Oregon and Santa Fe)(Oregon and Santa Fe)

– Belief in the right of “Manifest Belief in the right of “Manifest Destiny”—Destiny”—The idea that expansion The idea that expansion was for the good of the country and was for the good of the country and was the right of the country was the right of the country

USI 8.cUSI 8.cImportant InventionsImportant Inventions The cotton gin was invented by Eli The cotton gin was invented by Eli

Whitney. It increased the production of Whitney. It increased the production of cotton and thus increased the need for cotton and thus increased the need for slave labor to cultivate and pick the slave labor to cultivate and pick the cotton.cotton.

Important InventionsImportant Inventions

Jo Anderson (a slave) and Cyrus Jo Anderson (a slave) and Cyrus McCormick worked to invent the McCormick worked to invent the reaper. The reaper increased the reaper. The reaper increased the productivity of the American productivity of the American farmer.farmer.

Famous InventionsFamous Inventions

The steamboat was improved by Robert The steamboat was improved by Robert Fulton. It eventually provided faster river Fulton. It eventually provided faster river transportation that connected Southern transportation that connected Southern plantations and farms to Northern industries plantations and farms to Northern industries and Western territories.and Western territories.

The steam locomotive provided faster land The steam locomotive provided faster land transportation. transportation.

Beliefs about Civil Beliefs about Civil RightsRights Abolitionist movementAbolitionist movement

– Most abolitionists demanded immediate freeing of Most abolitionists demanded immediate freeing of the slaves.the slaves.

– Abolitionists believed that slavery was wrong.Abolitionists believed that slavery was wrong.– Morally wrong Morally wrong – Cruel and inhumane Cruel and inhumane – A violation of the principles of democracyA violation of the principles of democracy– Abolitionist leaders included both men and women.Abolitionist leaders included both men and women.– Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman– William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison– Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass

Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman

Supported the Supported the secret route, or secret route, or Underground Underground Railroad, that Railroad, that helped escaped helped escaped southern slaves southern slaves to reach to reach northern free northern free states.states.

Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass

Former SlaveFormer Slave Escaped slavery Escaped slavery

and became an and became an abolitionistabolitionist

William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison

Abolitionist leaderAbolitionist leader Believed that slavery Believed that slavery

was immoral and was immoral and demanded that slaves demanded that slaves be immediately freedbe immediately freed

Beliefs about civil Beliefs about civil rightsrights

Suffrage movementSuffrage movement– Supporters declared that “All men and women Supporters declared that “All men and women

are created equal.”are created equal.”– Supporters believed that women were deprived Supporters believed that women were deprived

of basic rights.of basic rights. Denied the right to voteDenied the right to vote Denied educational opportunities, especially higher Denied educational opportunities, especially higher

educationeducation Denied equal opportunities in businessDenied equal opportunities in business Limited in rights to own property Limited in rights to own property

– The movement was led by strong women who The movement was led by strong women who began their campaign before the Civil War and began their campaign before the Civil War and continued after the war had ended.continued after the war had ended.

Isabel Sojourner TruthIsabel Sojourner Truth Susan B. AnthonySusan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Isabel Sojourner TruthIsabel Sojourner Truth

Suffragist and Suffragist and AbolitionistAbolitionist

Was born a slave and Was born a slave and worked for equal rights worked for equal rights for women as well as for women as well as for the end of slaveryfor the end of slavery

Susan B. AnthonySusan B. Anthony

Supporter of the Supporter of the suffrage movementsuffrage movement

Declared that women Declared that women and men are entitled and men are entitled to the same rights in to the same rights in all areas of life, all areas of life, including the right to including the right to vote and own vote and own propertyproperty

Elizabeth Cady StantonElizabeth Cady Stanton

Leader of the Leader of the Suffrage Suffrage MovementMovement

Worked closely Worked closely with Susan B. with Susan B. AnthonyAnthony

Wrote The Wrote The Seneca Falls DecSeneca Falls Declarationlaration

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions What new territories became part of What new territories became part of

the United States between 1801 and the United States between 1801 and 1861? 1861?

What factors influenced westward What factors influenced westward migration? migration?

How did the inventions affect the lives How did the inventions affect the lives of Americans? of Americans?

What were the main ideas expressed What were the main ideas expressed by the abolitionists?by the abolitionists?

What were the main ideas expressed What were the main ideas expressed during the suffrage movement? during the suffrage movement?

Check out the following webquest:Check out the following webquest:– http://www.runet.edu/~sbisset/westward.hhttp://www.runet.edu/~sbisset/westward.h

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