using a combination of strategies to control the

virus and its aphid vectors

By

Eden A. Perez, Cerruti RR Hooks, Mark G. Wright, Mandy Anhalt, & Rodrigo PP Almeida

IPM

Integrated pest management (IPM) - is an effective & environmentally sensitive approach to pest management that uses a combination of strategies to manage pest & their associated damage.

• Quarantine measures- BBTV diagnosis and detection

• Sanitation- regular inspections- selection of good mother stock far

from infected plants- destruction of weeds and alternate

hosts of aphids- eradication of BBTV infected plants

by herbicides• Disease-free plants from tissue culture• Insecticide to control aphids

BBTV diagnosis and detection

PCRDNA

Field Sanitation

Regular inspectionsPaint spray for marking BBTV infected plants or good mother

stock

Eradication by herbicide application

Aphid Control Tips

Drip lines with leaks

Mother plants with many keikis

Old leaves covering the trunk

Old harvested pseudostem blocking the “sprays”

BBTV infected “plant cut down” falls on clean mat of bananas

Use of Disease-free tissue cultured bananas

Survey on incidence of BBTV and its aphids on newly planted banana

keikis• 50 established keikis were used to check

for the presence of BBTV and its aphid

• Winged aphids, wingless aphids andaphid parasitism were noted

• Plant samples and aphids (5 per keikis)were tested for the presence of BBTVusing PCR

Survey on incidence of BBTV and its aphids on newly planted banana keikis

BBTV + (%) Aphid (%)

keikis aphids* wingless winged parasitoid activity**

6 20 100 92 10

* % keikis with at least one of five aphids that are positive to BBTV ** parasitoid activity includes evidence of parasitism

Survey on incidence of BBTV and its aphid presence on newly planted banana keikis

Highlights of Findings

- the 20% of keikis that contain at least 1 BBTVinfected aphids implies that there may be more than6% of the keikis that are infected or that aphids frominfected keikis might have moved already to otherplants

- the presence of winged aphids could cause fasterspread of the virus

- Planting contaminated plants could have introducedBBTV to areas of the orchards that was previouslyBBTV free

Tissue cultured BBTV-free bananas

Acknowledgement

Funding agencies: WSARE, PBARC, T-STAR, Minor Crops, & Hatch

Wayne Nishijima, CTAHR

C. Y. Hu, CTAHR

Ray Uchida, ADSC