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Using Human Component MappingTO ANALYSE & INTEGRATE HUMAN FACTORS ISSUES & RECORDS WITH RAILWAY HAZARD LOGS

Dr. Amanda C. Elliott, Simon Macmull & Harry Blanchard

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Workshop outcomes Overall:• To present a method for analysing individual railway hazard log entries to

assign and map appropriate human components and to relate them to HF project activities.

Aims:• To gain insight into the benefit and re-use of Human Component Mapping.• To work through a case study.• To allow time to consider application of this method in your own situations.

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Workshop plan

Background & the need for a different approach

Introducing Human Components

Introducing Human Factors Records

Worked case study

Discussion, application in other contexts & questions

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BackgroundTO HUMAN COMPONENT MAPPING

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Need for a different approach REASON 1. Common Safety Method (CSM):• Requires consideration of the whole system in operational use.• Focuses thoughts on the Human Factors evidence early on.• Traditional technical content is not enough (e.g. the way many implement 50126

safety outputs).

REASON 2. Lessons learnt: • Human Components were essential as key measures of operational testing.• Emphasis placed on competence of and confidence in individuals.• Complexity for next railway upgrade is even higher, with more suppliers involved.

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Need for a different approach REASON 3. Emphasis on HF without realising it:• Until recently, quantitative outputs were expected for all

content.• Technical components are generally easier to substantiate

with figures.• Operational approvals and safety arguments ended up

focused more on the non-technical than technical.• Accountable Human Factors delivery is new for Denmark

railways & there are very few widely recognised techniques for closure of Human Components (e.g. fault trees were a preferred method).

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The requirements (for a new approach)

Robust method• Focusing on systematic processes, repeatability, completeness and re-use.

Person independent• Allowing the technique to be used for all safety cases & for the life of the

programme.

Consistency and acknowledgement of history• Building on, not contradicting the work of the first Railway deliverables and

agreements with the NSA.

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Workshop plan

Background & the need for a different approach

Introducing Human Components

Introducing Human Factors Records

Worked case study

Discussion, application in other contexts & questions

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IntroducingHUMAN COMPONENT MAPPING

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Types of Human Component Five types of Human Component (HC) have been identified• Application & Comprehension (A&C)• Workload (W/L)• Communications (COMMS)• Organisation (ORG)• Design (DESIGN)

Allocation & use of HC’s• These can be allocated to each element being assessed

(e.g. discrete hazard or specific operational rule).• Each element can have multiple instances (or no instances) of each HC

(this will become evident as we deliver the Case Study).

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Types of Human ComponentUser based

Application & ComprehensionThe user’s ability to understand the

required actions given a specific situation, with the correct resulting

actions performed by the user (use of correct Operational Rules,

products & system restrictions, etc.)

WorkloadThe operator's capacity to perform

the expected actions without impacting in other activities (e.g. increase of workload,

overlapping of tasks, impact on making decisions).

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Types of Human Component

Inter-user based

CommunicationsThe timely,

appropriate and correct use of verbal

&/or other communication between users.

DesignThe design solution and

implementation suitability for the intended railway

operation. The product design has the ability to elicit the

appropriate, timely response from the user.

OrganisationThe efficiency of the

hierarchy &/or organisation required in

a specific context (roles, responsibilities &

organisation).

Product based

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Workshop plan

Background & the need for a different approach

Introducing Human Components

Introducing Human Factors Records

Worked case study

Discussion, application in other contexts & questions

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IntroducingHUMAN FACTORS RECORDS

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Use of HF records• Traditionally, a HF “issues log” is used• The implication is that something has to be identified as an “issue”.• So content has negative connotation, with need to “fix”.

• HF “records” are different• They log positive items, as well as negative issues.• They can be structured in a format to suit the purpose.• They mirror the direction that the safety discipline is also going in;

(from figures showing that focus on whether negative things can happen, to providing evidence of positive prevention).

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Use of HF recordsUsing Human Components as a structure for HF records allows for:• Ease of identification of HF content.• A form of completeness review for HF work.• A set of prompts to question whether issues exist.• A structure by which to group existing evidence without repeating work.• A potential format for HF work packages and deliverables.• A common language from the start to the end of the programme of works.• Potential to build up a quick-use nomenclature.• Flexibility to group HF reports in the best format, using cross-referencing to HC’s.

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Workshop plan

Background & the need for a different approach

Introducing Human Components

Introducing Human Factors Records

Worked case study

Discussion, application in other contexts & questions

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Case Study

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Case study steps to follow• STEP 1: Set rules & questions for HC’s.• STEP 2: Produce context specific pick-lists.• STEP 3: Identify HC structure.• STEP 4: Allocate HF records using HC structure.• STEP 5: Describe hazards in terms of their HC’s.• STEP 6: Describe other elements in terms of their HC’s.• STEP 7: Validate descriptions.• STEP 8: Complete HC mapping.• STEP 9: Link HF evidence to HF records.• STEP 10: Identify where further evidence & tests are required.

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Case StudyThe majority of this session will be a worked example• We will work through each of the steps together in a case study.• Please ask questions about each step as we go.• For generic questions, please make a note & ask them at the end

(some may be answered as we complete the Case Study example).• Consider the elements of this technique that can be used to provide a

more powerful HF presence in your current situation & potential applications of this method.

• Note anything that may appear to be over looked – this is a new method & we are keen on feedback!

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Workshop plan

Background & the need for a different approach

Introducing Human Components

Introducing Human Factors Records

Worked case study

Discussion, questions & application in other contexts

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DiscussionAPPLICATION IN OTHER CONTEXTS & QUESTIONS

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DiscussionExperience from the case study• Any thoughts & observations from this session?

Application to other situations• Where could this be used in full or part in your circumstances?

Content not covered here• Use with Safety Related Application Conditions (SRACs)• Scenario production• HF reporting • Anything else we appear to have overlooked?

Any further questions?

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Workshop plan

Background & the need for a different approach

Introducing Human Components

Introducing Human Factors Records

Worked case study

Discussion, application in other contexts & questions

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Using Human Component MappingTO ANALYSE & INTEGRATE HUMAN FACTORS ISSUES & RECORDS WITH RAILWAY HAZARD LOGS

Thank you for attending

Email: xacet@bane.dk