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Using Lexiles to Improve Student Achievement
Why Should We Care About Reading? Life’s Demands for Literacy
Continuing Education Workplace Citizenship
NAEP, Grade 4-2005
Lifelong Reading CD-DVD Player Instructions (1080L) Microsoft Window User Manual (1150L) GM Protection Plan (1150) Installing Your Child Safety Seat (1170L) Federal Tax Form W-4 (1260L) Application for a student loan (1270L) Medical Insurance Benefits Pkg. (1280L) SAT (1330L) GED (1060L)
Newspapers USA Today (1200L) Chicago Tribune (1310L) Wall Street Journal (1320L) The Washington Post (1350L) New York Times (1380L)
Source: Dr. William R. Daggett
Comprehension n 1: an ability to understand the
meaning or importance of something (or the knowledge acquired as a result); "how you can do that is beyond my comprehension"; "he was famous for his comprehension of American literature"
What are Lexiles? A Lexile is a standard unit for A Lexile is a standard unit for measuring the measuring the comprehensibility of textcomprehensibility of text
Semantics (meaning)Semantics (meaning)
Syntax (sentence structure)Syntax (sentence structure)
A Lexile measure or range can A Lexile measure or range can also be assigned to a studentalso be assigned to a student
Determining Text Difficulty Semantic DifficultySemantic Difficulty
the frequency of the words in a the frequency of the words in a corpus of written textcorpus of written text
corpus has over 700-million corpus has over 700-million wordswords Syntactic ComplexitySyntactic Complexitythe number of words per the number of words per sentencesentence
longer sentences are more longer sentences are more complex and require more short-complex and require more short-term memory to processterm memory to process
The Lexile Analyzer
Scan text into electronic format
Edit text
Examine words Examine sentences
Calculate Lexile measure
Review text and Lexile measure
The Lexile Map
The Lexile Framework
The Lexile MapThe Lexile Analyzer
LinkingTechnology
LexiledReadingAssessments
The Lexile Framework An educational tool that links An educational tool that links text and readers under a text and readers under a common metriccommon metric• Characterizes reader with a Characterizes reader with a measure and text with a measure and text with a measuremeasure• Allows educators to forecast the Allows educators to forecast the level of comprehension a reader is level of comprehension a reader is expected to experience with a expected to experience with a particular textparticular text
Why the Lexile Framework is Different
Readability based on entire text Readability based on entire text of each book or documentof each book or document
• Individual reading ability is Individual reading ability is measured through tests that measured through tests that correspond to the same scalecorrespond to the same scale
• Applied “universally”Applied “universally”
How does the Lexile Framework build literacy
communities?
Uses credible and accepted Uses credible and accepted researchresearch• Builds partnershipsBuilds partnerships
• Collaborates with key stakeholdersCollaborates with key stakeholders
Overall Goal of Lexiles is to…
… … create create Text AccessibilityText Accessibility, a , a marriage between student ability and marriage between student ability and text level so that students can access text level so that students can access content information.content information.
Lexiles
• Match readers to textMatch readers to text
• A tool for differentiationA tool for differentiation
• Allow teachers to prepare Allow teachers to prepare students to work with more students to work with more difficult textsdifficult texts
Lexiles Do Not Address
• Student interestStudent interest
• Age-appropriatenessAge-appropriateness
Text supportText support
Quality of textQuality of text
Prior KnowledgePrior Knowledge
Other Considerations
Aspects of text that influence a Aspects of text that influence a student’s performance:student’s performance:
Difficulty of the text at handDifficulty of the text at hand
• Presence or lack of illustrationPresence or lack of illustration
• Length of a book or articleLength of a book or article
• Density and type size of the textDensity and type size of the text
• Topic, genre, author and so onTopic, genre, author and so on
Question to Ask?
Does the reader comprehend the text because the reader is able, or because the text is easy?
Determining a Student’sLexile Range
Independent ReadingIndependent ReadingRange of difficulty should be . . .Range of difficulty should be . . .50 Lexiles above to 100 Lexiles below50 Lexiles above to 100 Lexiles below
Instructional ReadingInstructional ReadingRange of difficulty should be . . .Range of difficulty should be . . .50 to 150 Lexiles above50 to 150 Lexiles above
Three Key Concepts
Reading AbilityReading Ability
The cognitive set students use to construct The cognitive set students use to construct meaning from text as measured on tests. (75% meaning from text as measured on tests. (75% comprehension)comprehension)
ReadabilityReadability
The difficulty of reading materials based on The difficulty of reading materials based on dimensions or characteristics of the text. (Reader dimensions or characteristics of the text. (Reader measure needed to experience 75% comprehension)measure needed to experience 75% comprehension)
Reading ComprehensionReading Comprehension
The construction of new meaning from local text.The construction of new meaning from local text.
Placing a Reader on the Lexile Map
Harcourt Assessment – SAT-10, SAT-9, MAT-8 CTB/McGraw Hill – TeraNova Assessment Series Scholastic – SRI Northwest Evaluation Assoc. – Achievement Level
Test, MAP NC Dept. of Public Instruction – End-of-grade-tests Texas Educ. Agency – Texas Assessment of
Knowledge and Skills California Dept. of Educ. – CA Standards Test Oregon Dept. of Educ. – OR Reading/Literature
Knowledge and Skills Test
The Unification of Reading
Book Publishers…Holt, DK, McGrawHill Databases…EBSCO, ProQuest, Questia Assessment…NWEA, Harcourt, Pearson Book Distributors…Follett, B&T, Bowker Textbook Publishers…Prentice Hall,
Scott Foresman
Questions to Answer
What is the Lexile range of What is the Lexile range of students in your classroom?students in your classroom?
• Can you develop 2 or 3 Lexile targets?Can you develop 2 or 3 Lexile targets?
Lexile Tools
Lexile Book DatabaseLexile Book Database
Lexile AnalyzerLexile Analyzer
Lexile CalculatorLexile Calculator
Lexile Power VocabularyLexile Power Vocabulary
Lexile Reading PathfindersLexile Reading Pathfinders
Lexile Tools
Lexile Book Database Lexile Analyzer Lexile Calculator Lexile Power Vocabulary Lexile Reading Pathfinders
Go to www.lexile.com
Click educators
The Lexile Book Database
Lexile Book Database
Click Lexile Book Database
Textbook Search
Click Textbook Search
Textbook Search
Enter Lexile Range
Type in Keywords
You may enter a specific publisher
Textbook SearchChoose Sort By
Lexile and Results per page
Then pressSearch
Textbook SearchClick on Title for
more details
Textbook Details
Now click on Book Search
Book Search by Title
2. Sort by Lexile and
Select Results per page
1. Enter Title
3. Click Search
Search ResultsClick on a
title to view details
Book Details
Search by Author
1. Enter Author
2. Sort by Lexile and
Select Results per
page
3. Click Search
Search Results: 32 Books 590L – 960L
Search by Lexile Rangeand Keyword
Enter Lexile Range:
450-1200
Enter Keyword:life cycles
Search ResultsLetters in the
Lexile measure?
Click here
Explanation of Lexile Codes
Advanced Book Search
Click here
Book Type Options
Drop down menu
Developmental Rating Options
Drop down menu
Lexile Tools
Lexile Book Database Lexile Analyzer Lexile Calculator Lexile Power Vocabulary Lexile Reading Pathfinders
Go to www.lexile.com
Click educators
Creating Documents for the Online Analyzer
1. Create a text document2. Save the document as “text only”
(*.txt)
3. You are now ready to use the online analyzer to determine the Lexile measure of the text
Saving Documents to Analyze
You must save your
document as Text Only
Lexile Analyzer
Click Lexile Analyzer
Sign In
You must register
first
Registration is Easy
Lexile Analyzer
Click Browse… to find your file
Insert the DocumentLocate your document
Double click on the
document
Analyze the Text
Click Analyze
The document is inserted
The Results
Lexile Tools Lexile Book Database Lexile Analyzer Lexile Calculator Lexile Power Vocabulary Lexile Reading Pathfinders
Lexile Calculator Can forecast comprehension
Identifies the relationship between the reader and the text
Predicts how well the reader will comprehend the material in the text
Can perform the following calculations: The rate at which a student is expected to
comprehend of the text The reading ability a reader is expected to need
in order to comprehend the text at a specific level
Lexile Calculator
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750
Reader - Text (in Lexiles)
Fore
cast
ed C
ompr
ehen
sion
Rat
e
Lexile Calculator
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750
Reader - Text (in Lexiles)
Fore
cast
ed C
ompr
ehen
sion
Rat
e
Lexile Calculator
Formula for the X axis: Reader measure – Text measure =
Lexiles
Examples: Reader (1230L) – Text (890L) = 340 L
Reader (890L) – Text (1230L) = -340 L
minus
(easy)
(difficult)
Calculation for X Axis
1230
- 890
340
Reader
Text
Lexile difference
890
- 1230
-340
Note: The Lexile difference can be a positive or negative number
ForecastedComprehension RatesReader measure – text calibration = O Lexiles
75% comprehension rate
Reader measure – text calibration = -250 Lexiles
50% comprehension rate
Reader measure – text calibration = +250 Lexiles
90% comprehension rate
Lexile Calculator
Click here
Access the Lexile Calculator
Click here
Calculating Expected Comprehension Rate
1. Select grade level
3. Enter Lexile range and Submit
2. Select top button
Forecasted Comprehension
Blue bar indicates comprehension
range
Titles in Book Bag
Scroll down to view Book Bag
Titles
Calculating Required Lexile Measure for Selected Comprehension Rate
1. Select grade level
2. Select bottom button
3. Enter comprehension range and Submit
Lexile Measure Required to Meet Comprehension Rate
Blue bar indicates required Lexile
measure
Lexile Tools Lexile Book Database Lexile Analyzer Lexile Calculator Lexile Power Vocabulary Lexile Reading Pathfinders
Power Vocabulary Program
Vocabulary List Pronunciation Part of Speech Definition(s) Three examples of the word used in
context Activities
Word Search Crossword Puzzle Word-Definition Matching
Assessment
Lexile Power Vocabulary
Click on Lexile Power Vocabulary
Lexile Power Vocabulary
Click on Words, Activities, or Answer Key
Find the Title
PowerV
Word Search
Crossword Puzzle
Matching Activity
Assessment
Teacher Answer Key
Lexile Tools Lexile Book Database Lexile Analyzer Lexile Calculator Lexile Power Vocabulary Lexile Reading Pathfinders
Lexile Reading Pathfinders
Click Lexile Reading Pathfinders to View
Collections
Sports Achievers Biographies
Each list indicates Level, Lexile, Title,
and Author
Three Ways to Apply Lexiles to Lexiled Databases
1. Use the Lexile Reading Level DropDown Box
2. Enter Lexile Reading Score3. Use Field Codes (lx 800-1100)
1. Use the Lexile ReadingLevel Drop Down Box
Enter topic and select a Lexile range
Search Results
Number of Articles
Lexile measure
2. Use the Lexile Reading Score Box
Use hyphen before or after
the Lexile
Note:Hyphen before the Lexile limits the search to material at or below that Lexile
Hyphen after the Lexile limits the search to material at or above that Lexile
Search ResultsNumber of Articles Lexile
measure
Choose a New Database
Choose Database
Health Source Database
Select Health Source
3. Use Field Codes – Range
Enter topic and Lexile rangelx 800-1100
Formula for Lexile Range:“and lx Lexile-Lexile”
Search Results
Number of Articles
Lexile measure
Field Codes – Maximum
Enter topic and Lexile maximum
lx -1100
Formula for Lexile Maximum:“and lx -Lexile”
Search Results
Number of Articles
Lexile measure
Field Codes – Minimum
Enter topic and Lexile minimum
lx 1100-
Formula for Lexile Minimum:“and lx Lexile-”
Search Results
Number of Articles Lexile
measure
Did We Meet Our Goals?
1. What is the relationship between Lexiles and student comprehension?
2. How can Lexiles help match readers to texts?
3. Could you use the Lexile measure of each student to access appropriate reading materials for meeting South Carolina’s content standards?
4. How can you access Lexiled research databases?
What is Differentiated Instruction?
A Teacher’s Response to Learners’ Needs
Teachers can differentiateContent -- Process -- Product
According to students’Readiness – Interests -- Learning Profiles
Lexiles
Differentiated Instruction
Teacher Decision Making
What an I teaching?
How will I teach?
Who am I teaching?
South Carolina – Social Studies – Grade 6 GR6 - 6-3.2. Explain the development of English
government and legal practices, including the principles of the Magna Carta, its effect on the feudal system, and its contribution to the development of representative government in England. (P, H)
850L – 1150L
The Making of the Magna Carta Junior Scholastic March 22, 1999 5 pages Presents a play depicting the
making of Great Britain’s Magna Carta under King John of England in the 1200’s
500L
Survey of the Magna Carta Book – Events of the Middle Ages © 2002 3 pages Discusses the Magna Carta, the
charter signed by British King John in 1215 which outlined the feudal privileges…
770L
The Meaning of the Magna Carta since 1215 History Today September, 2003 7 pages Considers how and why the Magna
Carta, the great charter of liberty granted by King John in 1215 that placed the English king under the law… 1350L
Magna Carta: Exemplification of 1215 Article taken from Events of the Middle
Ages 2002 10 pages Reproduces the translation of the
Exemplification of 1215, the Magna Carta, also called the Great Charter, from the original Latin. Abuses of power … 1550L
How must I assist my teachers in the effective use of Lexiles to increase student achievement?
Instructional Reading
Just as shoes must fit correctly for comfortable walking, books must match student readability for effective comprehension.