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Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS

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Page 1: Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS
Page 2: Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS

Using MIPEX for research: Measuring

Migrant Integration through MIPEX III

Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012

Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS (ESRC Centre on Migration,

Policy and Society), University of Oxford

Page 3: Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS

Outline of presentation

1. Integration, integration policy and measurement

2. What is MIPEX?3. Using MIPEX for research:

a. Tracking change over timeb. Developing typologies and

comparisonsc. Research on correlations between

different migration factors

Page 4: Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS

1. Integration, integration policy and measurement

• What is integration?• How can it be measured?• Law and policy as a foundation for

integration

Page 5: Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS

Defining integration – the EU

Common Basic Principles 20041. Integration is a dynamic, two-

way process of mutual accommodation by all immigrants and residents of Member States. Integration is a dynamic, long-term, and continuous two-way process of mutual accommodation, not a static outcome. It demands the participation not only of immigrants and their descendants but of every resident. The integration process involves adaptation by immigrants, both men and women, who all have rights and responsibilities in relation to their new country of residence. It also involves the receiving society, which should create the opportunities for the immigrants’ full economic, social, cultural, and political participation.

Page 6: Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS

Defining integration – the UK

Roy Jenkins 1964: “not a flattening process of assimilation but... equal opportunity accompanied by cultural diversity in an atmosphere of mutual tolerance”

CIC 2006: “cohesion is principally the process that must happen in all communities to ensure different groups of people get on well together; while integration is principally the process that ensures new residents and existing residents adapt to one another”

Page 7: Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS

David Cameron 2011: A natural process that unfolds over time at a local level: “Real communities are bound by common experiences… forged by friendship and conversation… knitted together by all the rituals of the neighbourhood, from the school run to the chat down the pub. And these bonds can take time. So real integration takes time.

That's why, when there have been significant numbers of new people arriving in neighbourhoods… perhaps not able to speak the same language as those living there… on occasions not really wanting or even willing to integrate … that has created a kind of discomfort and disjointedness in some neighbourhoods.”

Page 8: Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS

Creating the Conditions for Integration 2012:

Page 9: Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS

Measuring Integration: the UK

From Ager, A. and Strang, A. (2004) Indicators of Integration: Final Report, Home Office Development and Practice Report p.27

Page 10: Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS

2. What is MIPEX?

Page 11: Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS

• 33 countries (EU27, plus other Europe, USA, Canada, Japan)

• 148 indicators. Data transparency. • Peer review and national partners.

Runnymede = UK partner• Interactive tool on website

http://www.mipex.eu/

Page 12: Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS

Seven domains: • family reunion• access to nationality• long-term residence• political participation• anti-discrimination• labour market mobility• education

Page 13: Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS

Europe 2010

Page 14: Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS

UK – ranked no.14 with a score of 57

Page 15: Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS

Anti-discrimination scores for UK

Page 16: Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS

3. Using MIPEX for research

a. Tracking change over timeb. Developing typologies and

comparisonsc. Research on correlations

between different migration factors

Page 17: Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS

a. Tracking (and understanding) change over time

• Some possible examples: correlating with attitudinal surveys (e.g. Transatlantic Trends), identifying policy impacts of political events; identifying trends

Page 18: Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS

b. Developing typologies and comparisons

i. Testing and improving academic ideal types and taxonomies, e.g. “the Mediterranean migration model”, “civic versus ethnic nationalism” – see e.g. Ruudmans on welfare/integration models

Page 19: Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS

ii. Developing frameworks for comparative research

– building international dimensions, identifying collaborators, framing funding applications

– qualifying generalisations, specifying the scope of a claim

Page 20: Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS

c. Research on correlations between different migration factors

i. Correlating MIPEX with other measures. Examples:

• Cummins and Rodríguez “Is There a Numbers versus Rights Trade-off in Immigration Policy? What the Data Say” Human Development Research Paper 2009/21 – concludes no correlation between size and policy

Page 21: Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS

• Reekins “Ethnic-Cultural Diversity, Migrant Integration Policies and Social Cohesion in Europe” 2010 – concludes that trust is higher in countries with open policies, but open regimes are unable to mitigate the negative effect of diversity on trust

• Ruudmans “Tradeoffs between Equality and Difference” 2008 – concludes there is a trade-off between equitable outcomes and respect for diversity

Page 22: Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS

Note: can use the overall score, or specific domains or indicators.

Page 23: Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS

ii. Using MIPEX to control for policy differences. Examples: Prokic and Dronkers Civic Education Study on migrant/native background youth attitudes across countries; Rödera and Mühlaub 2010 on determinants of confidence of immigrants in public institutions

Page 24: Using MIPEX for research: Measuring Migrant Integration through MIPEX III Runnymede Trust academic forum, April 2012 Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher, COMPAS

Conclusions

• MIPEX enables comparison across countries and across time, in ways which can be useful for researchers and advocates. But in using it we need to be aware of its limits. It attempts to measure integration policy not integration itself. It rests on basic assumptions about how policies lead to integration outcomes, but does not tell us about outcomes.