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Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe

Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe - CIDOB · • Public “Quick Reference Guide” • Debate government objectives, progress, and results. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind

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Page 1: Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe - CIDOB · • Public “Quick Reference Guide” • Debate government objectives, progress, and results. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind

Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe

Page 2: Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe - CIDOB · • Public “Quick Reference Guide” • Debate government objectives, progress, and results. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind

Tool to compare, analyse, and improve integration policy

• Do  all  residents  have  equal  rights,  responsibilities  and opportunities  to  help  them  improve  their  integration outcomes? 

• Benchmark policies and implementation measures, according to European & international standards on Equal Treatment

• Public “Quick Reference Guide”

• Debate government objectives, progress, and results

Page 3: Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe - CIDOB · • Public “Quick Reference Guide” • Debate government objectives, progress, and results. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind

Largest and most rigorous study of its kind (148 policy indicators)

7 Policy Areas for immigrants to participate in society:

1) Labour market mobility* 2) Family reunion* 3) Education      4) Political participation* 5) Long‐term residence*                           6) Access to nationality 7) Anti‐discrimination

•Covers  27  EU Member  States,  Norway,  Switzerland,  Canada, United States of America

•7 comparative research partners worked on policy indicators

•100+  national  independent  legal  experts  answer  and  peer review, all based on policies passed by 31 May 2010

Page 4: Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe - CIDOB · • Public “Quick Reference Guide” • Debate government objectives, progress, and results. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind

• WEBSITE COVER / SPANISH PROFILE / ISSUE PROFILE LIKE LMM

Page 5: Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe - CIDOB · • Public “Quick Reference Guide” • Debate government objectives, progress, and results. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind

• WEBSITE COVER / SPANISH PROFILE / ISSUE PROFILE LIKE LMM

Page 6: Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe - CIDOB · • Public “Quick Reference Guide” • Debate government objectives, progress, and results. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind

Key Findings

Spain only “slightly favourable” (63) but best of major EU countries

Now outranks IT (‐1),    2nd among ‘new’ after PT

Average country ±50%: Political will counts, more than tradition

Policies more similar & strong with EU law

Page 7: Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe - CIDOB · • Public “Quick Reference Guide” • Debate government objectives, progress, and results. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind

Note radar...add radar w/PT? EU15? Where below/at/above

Note bar

SPAIN + 3

Average country +1

ES “Leading” with GR (+10), PT (+5), BE (+3), CA (+1), DE (+1)

Other new migration countries “catching up”

Immigration Law 2/2009 & use of EU standards

Page 8: Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe - CIDOB · • Public “Quick Reference Guide” • Debate government objectives, progress, and results. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind

Note radar...add radar w/PT? EU15? Where below/at/above

Note bar

Where EU strong, ES leads... 

except anti‐discrimination

Compared to EU15 peers, behind reform trends on Access to Nationality...

...Just as weak on education, political participation

Page 9: Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe - CIDOB · • Public “Quick Reference Guide” • Debate government objectives, progress, and results. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind

AREAS OF STRENGTH

Page 10: Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe - CIDOB · • Public “Quick Reference Guide” • Debate government objectives, progress, and results. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind

Labour marketmobility

Note map

Top 10: Nordics & Labour Migration Countries

4th After SE, PT, NL

2/2009 Equal access for non‐EU spouses, partners, adult children, like most EU countries

Equal general support, rights for all workers

Page 11: Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe - CIDOB · • Public “Quick Reference Guide” • Debate government objectives, progress, and results. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind

Labour marketmobility

Halfway in response to crisis’disproportionate impact on migrant workers

Average targeted measures on education, training, qualifications

‐Better information policy?

‐Targeted public services?

‐Migrant women and youth?

Examples in FR, DE, NL, Nordics

Page 12: Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe - CIDOB · • Public “Quick Reference Guide” • Debate government objectives, progress, and results. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind

Family reunion

ES ‘favourable’policies like PT,CA,SE

Immigration subie & choisie: not vs.

Sponsor with basic housing, income as nationals can bring most of close family to settle & work

Some access to autonomous permit

Page 13: Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe - CIDOB · • Public “Quick Reference Guide” • Debate government objectives, progress, and results. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind

Family reunion

Unclear future for immigrant families

ES & IT restrict (grand)parents as part of crisis

Link between family definition & conditions (e.g. BE, PT, ES, SE vs. FR, DK, NL)

Page 14: Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe - CIDOB · • Public “Quick Reference Guide” • Debate government objectives, progress, and results. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind

Long-term residence

2/2009 Transposes EU law in way to secure migrants’ future (e.g. BE, PT)

‐ International students

‐ Simpler procedure

‐ Clearer conditions & periods of absence

Page 15: Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe - CIDOB · • Public “Quick Reference Guide” • Debate government objectives, progress, and results. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind

AREAS OF WEAKNESS

Page 16: Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe - CIDOB · • Public “Quick Reference Guide” • Debate government objectives, progress, and results. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind

Anti-discriminationprogress

EU law on racial, ethnic, religious grounds greatly improves legal conditions

ES slightly less prepared on all 4 dimensions

ES weakest equality body 

Need equal protection from nationality discrimination (15)

Page 17: Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe - CIDOB · • Public “Quick Reference Guide” • Debate government objectives, progress, and results. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind

Current Proposal For Improvement

“Slightly favourable”definitions, enforcement, equality policy, like EU‐15

Shifts burden of proof, new dispute resolution mechanisms

Empowered Equality Body to fully assist victims, as well as state

Page 18: Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe - CIDOB · • Public “Quick Reference Guide” • Debate government objectives, progress, and results. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind

Political participationES, EU Weakness

Ineffective voting rights requires major reform

2/2009 Strengthens political liberties

Comparatively strong  forums...Migrants could lead, be elected

Need active information policy, structural funds for migrant NGOs (PT)

Page 19: Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe - CIDOB · • Public “Quick Reference Guide” • Debate government objectives, progress, and results. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind

Reform part of transformation from countries of emigration‐to‐immigration (DE, BE, SE, FI, PT, LU, GR...)

3 key principles from US/CA & FR, IE, UK

• Short residence requirement (3‐7 yrs)

• Some ius soli (15)

• Dual nationality (18)

Access to nationalityReform trends

Page 20: Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe - CIDOB · • Public “Quick Reference Guide” • Debate government objectives, progress, and results. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind

Compare Ius soli with 3rd

but not 2nd

Look indicator 1st gen dual nationality for EU15?

Compare ES to PT, GR?

Access to nationalityES, EU Weakness

ES lacks shared path to citizenship, least favourable of all major immigration countries

PT: Open rights‐based procedure for Lusophone citizens to all who speak basic PT

Little discussion, major reform, further study...

Page 21: Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe - CIDOB · • Public “Quick Reference Guide” • Debate government objectives, progress, and results. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind

Education Weak in ES, EU-15

Equal Access secured

2009 mandatory “Ed for Citizenship & HR”

New needs, opportunities challenge for Autonomous Communities

PT projects (e.g. Escolhas) on access, intercult. ed

Nordic Mainstreaming

USA target access, needs

Canadian multiculturalism

Page 22: Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe - CIDOB · • Public “Quick Reference Guide” • Debate government objectives, progress, and results. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind

Using MIPEX to improveGoverment – Advocacy – Press

‘MIPEX in USE’ by authorities in GR, IE, IT, NL, NO, PT, ES, SI, SK, SE, UK, etc.; by NGOs in CA, GR, IE, IT, LV, NO, PL, UK, USA; by researchers everywhere

1)Set objectives for integration policy? e.g. PORTUGAL

2)Recommend improvements to policy & implementation? e.g. GREECE

3)Negotiate European standards? e.g. MPG 

4)Exchange and learn across countries? e.g. LATVIA

5)Better  consult  with  migrants  &  civil  society?  e.g.  Council  of  Europe, European Commission, European Economic & Social Affairs Committee

Page 23: Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe - CIDOB · • Public “Quick Reference Guide” • Debate government objectives, progress, and results. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind