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Using MIPEX in Spain, Europe
Tool to compare, analyse, and improve integration policy
• Do all residents have equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities to help them improve their integration outcomes?
• Benchmark policies and implementation measures, according to European & international standards on Equal Treatment
• Public “Quick Reference Guide”
• Debate government objectives, progress, and results
Largest and most rigorous study of its kind (148 policy indicators)
7 Policy Areas for immigrants to participate in society:
1) Labour market mobility* 2) Family reunion* 3) Education 4) Political participation* 5) Long‐term residence* 6) Access to nationality 7) Anti‐discrimination
•Covers 27 EU Member States, Norway, Switzerland, Canada, United States of America
•7 comparative research partners worked on policy indicators
•100+ national independent legal experts answer and peer review, all based on policies passed by 31 May 2010
• WEBSITE COVER / SPANISH PROFILE / ISSUE PROFILE LIKE LMM
• WEBSITE COVER / SPANISH PROFILE / ISSUE PROFILE LIKE LMM
Key Findings
Spain only “slightly favourable” (63) but best of major EU countries
Now outranks IT (‐1), 2nd among ‘new’ after PT
Average country ±50%: Political will counts, more than tradition
Policies more similar & strong with EU law
Note radar...add radar w/PT? EU15? Where below/at/above
Note bar
SPAIN + 3
Average country +1
ES “Leading” with GR (+10), PT (+5), BE (+3), CA (+1), DE (+1)
Other new migration countries “catching up”
Immigration Law 2/2009 & use of EU standards
Note radar...add radar w/PT? EU15? Where below/at/above
Note bar
Where EU strong, ES leads...
except anti‐discrimination
Compared to EU15 peers, behind reform trends on Access to Nationality...
...Just as weak on education, political participation
AREAS OF STRENGTH
Labour marketmobility
Note map
Top 10: Nordics & Labour Migration Countries
4th After SE, PT, NL
2/2009 Equal access for non‐EU spouses, partners, adult children, like most EU countries
Equal general support, rights for all workers
Labour marketmobility
Halfway in response to crisis’disproportionate impact on migrant workers
Average targeted measures on education, training, qualifications
‐Better information policy?
‐Targeted public services?
‐Migrant women and youth?
Examples in FR, DE, NL, Nordics
Family reunion
ES ‘favourable’policies like PT,CA,SE
Immigration subie & choisie: not vs.
Sponsor with basic housing, income as nationals can bring most of close family to settle & work
Some access to autonomous permit
Family reunion
Unclear future for immigrant families
ES & IT restrict (grand)parents as part of crisis
Link between family definition & conditions (e.g. BE, PT, ES, SE vs. FR, DK, NL)
Long-term residence
2/2009 Transposes EU law in way to secure migrants’ future (e.g. BE, PT)
‐ International students
‐ Simpler procedure
‐ Clearer conditions & periods of absence
AREAS OF WEAKNESS
Anti-discriminationprogress
EU law on racial, ethnic, religious grounds greatly improves legal conditions
ES slightly less prepared on all 4 dimensions
ES weakest equality body
Need equal protection from nationality discrimination (15)
Current Proposal For Improvement
“Slightly favourable”definitions, enforcement, equality policy, like EU‐15
Shifts burden of proof, new dispute resolution mechanisms
Empowered Equality Body to fully assist victims, as well as state
Political participationES, EU Weakness
Ineffective voting rights requires major reform
2/2009 Strengthens political liberties
Comparatively strong forums...Migrants could lead, be elected
Need active information policy, structural funds for migrant NGOs (PT)
Reform part of transformation from countries of emigration‐to‐immigration (DE, BE, SE, FI, PT, LU, GR...)
3 key principles from US/CA & FR, IE, UK
• Short residence requirement (3‐7 yrs)
• Some ius soli (15)
• Dual nationality (18)
Access to nationalityReform trends
Compare Ius soli with 3rd
but not 2nd
Look indicator 1st gen dual nationality for EU15?
Compare ES to PT, GR?
Access to nationalityES, EU Weakness
ES lacks shared path to citizenship, least favourable of all major immigration countries
PT: Open rights‐based procedure for Lusophone citizens to all who speak basic PT
Little discussion, major reform, further study...
Education Weak in ES, EU-15
Equal Access secured
2009 mandatory “Ed for Citizenship & HR”
New needs, opportunities challenge for Autonomous Communities
PT projects (e.g. Escolhas) on access, intercult. ed
Nordic Mainstreaming
USA target access, needs
Canadian multiculturalism
Using MIPEX to improveGoverment – Advocacy – Press
‘MIPEX in USE’ by authorities in GR, IE, IT, NL, NO, PT, ES, SI, SK, SE, UK, etc.; by NGOs in CA, GR, IE, IT, LV, NO, PL, UK, USA; by researchers everywhere
1)Set objectives for integration policy? e.g. PORTUGAL
2)Recommend improvements to policy & implementation? e.g. GREECE
3)Negotiate European standards? e.g. MPG
4)Exchange and learn across countries? e.g. LATVIA
5)Better consult with migrants & civil society? e.g. Council of Europe, European Commission, European Economic & Social Affairs Committee