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Using Push Button Switch with 8051 and Keil
C – AT89C51
by Ebin George / 4 Comments
This tutorial is for beginners in the field of microcontroller. In this case the microcontroller is
AT89C5! a re"rogrammable deri#ati#e of 8$5. This "ur"ose of this tutorial is
to familiari%e &ith the use of "ush button s&itch &ith the micro controller. It &ill be useful&hene#er a decision is to be made according to the "ress of a s&itch. If you are not yet started
&ith 8$5 &ith 'eil C "lease refer this tutorial (lin)ing *ed using 8$5 and 'eil C.
Circuit Diagra
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+sing ,ush (utton -&itch &ith 8$5 icrocontroller and 'eilC
!ote " CC and G01 of AT89C5 is not sho&n in the abo#e circuit diagram. CC should be
connected to 25 and G01 should be connected to Ground of the "o&er su""ly.
,ush button s&itch is connected to the first bit of ,3T $ ,$.$6 &hich is configured as an in"ut
"in. 7hich is connected to a "ull u" resistor such that this "in is at cc "otential &hen the s&itch
is not "ressed. 7hen the s&itch is "ressed this "in ,$.$ &ill be grounded. The *E1 is connected
to the first bit of ,3T ,.6 and a resistor is connected in series &ith it to limit the current
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K#$% C Progra
#include<reg52.h> /* special function register declarations */ /* for the intended 8051 derivative */#include<stdio.h> /* prototype declarations for I/ functions */
s!it "$%pin & '2(0) //$efining "$ 'Is!it s+itch%pin & '0(0) //$efining ,+itch 'I
void $elay-int) //unction prototype declarationvoid ain -void s+itch%pin & 1) // a3ing ,+itch 'I input "$%pin & 0) //a3ing "$ pin output
+hile-1 //infinite loop
if-s+itch%pin && 0 //If s+itch pressed
"$%pin & 1) //"$ $elay-1000) //$elay "$%pin & 0) //"$
4 44
void $elay-int 3 int ) int i) for-i&0)i<3)i66
for-&0)<100)66 4 44
Th
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In some electronic a""lications &e need to s&itch or control high #oltages or high currents. Inthese cases &e may use electromagnetic or solid state relays. or e:am"le! it can be used to
control home a""liances using lo& "o&er electronic circuits.
relay
An electromagnetic relay is a s&itch &hich is used to s&itch ;igh oltage or Current using *o&
"o&er circuits. It magnetically isolates lo& "o&er circuits from high "o&er circuits. It is
acti#ated by energi%ing a electromagnet! coil &ounded on a soft iron core. or detailed &or)ingof relay "lease #isit this "age. A relay should not be directly connected to a microcontroller! it
needs a dri#ing circuit due to the follo&ing reasons.
• A microcontroller &ill not able to su""ly current re<uired for the "ro"er &or)ing of arelay. The ma:imum current that A89C5 microcontroller can source or sin) is 5mA&hile a relay needs about 5$ = $$mA current.
• A relay is acti#ated by energi%ing its coil. icrocontroller may sto" &or)ing by the
negati#e #oltages "roduced in the relay due to its bac) emf.
$nter&acing 'ela( with 8051 using Transistor
Transistor is &ired as a s&itch. &hich dri#es the relay. 7hen the first "in of "ort , goes high the
base current flo&s through the $) resistor. This in turn s&itches the transistor 30. The relaygets enough current through the # su""ly to s&itch the secondary circuit 30.
Circuit Diagra
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Interfacing elay &ith 8$5 using Transistors = Circuit 1iagram
Keil C Progra
#include<stdio.h>
s!it relay%pin & '2(0)
void $elay%s-int)
void ain-
do relay%pin & 1) //7elay $elay%s-1000) relay%pin & 0) //7elay $elay%s-1000) 4+hile-1)4
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void $elay%s-int 3 int ) int i) for-i&0)i<3)i66 for-&0)<100)66 4 44
$nter&acing 'ela( with 8051 using U%!)00*
7hen &e need more than one relays! using transistors and diodes become bul)y. In these cases
&e can use +*0 dri#ers. These are monolithic IC s consists of ;igh oltage ;igh Current
1arlington transistor arrays. 7hen using these dri#er ICs &e don>t need to connect free&heeling
diode as they ha#e built in clam" diodes. ;ere &e are using +*0$$? for demostration.
Circuit Diagra
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Interfacing elay &ith 8$5 using +*0$$?
Keil C Progra
#include<stdio.h>
#define relayport '2
void $elay%s-int)
void ain- do relayport & 0) //9ll relays n $elay%s-1000) relayport & 000) //9ll relays ff $elay%s-1000) 4+hile-1)4
void $elay%s-int 3 int ) int i) for-i&0)i<3)i66 for-&0)<100)66 4 44
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Circuit Diagra
Interfacing 1C otor &ith 8$5 using *9?1
The 1C otor is connected to the first "air of dri#ers and it is enabled by connecting E0 tologic ;IG; 56. -- "in is used to "ro#ide logic #oltage to *9?1. ;ere 8$5microcontroller! &hich &or)s at 5# is used to control *9?1! hence the logic #oltage is 5. The
motor su""ly is gi#en to s "in of the *9?1.
Keil C Progra
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#include<reg52.h>#include<stdio.h>
void delay-void)
s!it otor%pin%1 & '2(0)s!it otor%pin%2 & '2(1)
void ain- do otor%pin%1 & 1) otor%pin%2 & 0) //7otates otor 9nit :loc3+ise delay-) otor%pin%1 & 1) otor%pin%2 & 1) //,tops otor delay-) otor%pin%1 & 0) otor%pin%2 & 1) //7otates otor :loc3+ise
delay-) otor%pin%1 & 0) otor%pin%2 & 0) //,tops otor delay-) 4+hile-1)4
void delay- int i;) for-i&0)i<1000)i66 for-&0)<1000)66 4 44
Control Signals and +otor Status
P),0-$!1 P),1-$!) +otor Status
*37 *37 -to"s
*37 ;IG; Cloc)&ise
;IG; *37 AntiBCloc)&ise
;IG; ;IG; -to"s
Dou can do&nload 'eil C files and ,roteus files here
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Interfacing Stepper Motor with 8051 using Keil C – A8!C51
"y #"in $eorge % 8 Co&&ents
-te""er otor
A -te""er otor is a brushless! synchronous 1C otor. It has many a""lications in the field
of robotics and mechatronics. The total rotation of the motor is di#ided into ste"s. The angle of a
single ste" is )no&n as the ste""er angle of the motor. There are t&o ty"es of ste""er motors
Uni.olar and Bi.olar. 1ue to the ease of o"eration uni"olar ste""er motor is commonly used by
electronics hobbyists. or more details "lease read the article -te""er otor or -te" otor.
-te""er otors can be easily interfaced &ith a microcontroller using dri#er ICs such as *9?1
or +*0$$?.
'riving (nipolar Stepper Motor with 8051
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+ni"olar -te""er otor 7indings
+ni"olar ste""er motors can be used in three modes namely the /ae Drie! ull Drie and
2al& Drie mode. Each dri#e ha#e its o&n ad#antages and disad#antages! thus &e should choose
the re<uired dri#e according to the a""lication and "o&er consum"tion.
Wave Drive
In this mode only one electromagnet is energi%ed at a time. Generated tor<ue &ill be less &hen
com"ared to full dri#e in &hich t&o electromagnets are energi%ed at a time but "o&er
consum"tion is reduced. It has same number of ste"s as in the full dri#e. This dri#e is "referred
&hen "o&er consum"tion is more im"ortant than tor<ue. It is rarely used.
Wave Drive Stepping Sequence
Step A B C D
1 1 0 0 0
) 0 1 0 0
* 0 0 1 0
+ 0 0 0 1
Full Drive
In this mode t&o electromagnets are energi%ed at a time! so the tor<ue generated &ill be larger
&hen com"ared to 7a#e 1ri#e. This dri#e is commonly used than others. ,o&er consum"tion
&ill be higher than other modes.
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Interfacing Using L293D
Interfacing +ni"olar -te""er otor &ith 8$5 using *9?1
This is the circuit diagram of dri#ing a bi"olar ste""er motor using 8$5 microcontroller using
*9?1. 4;% crystal is connected to "ro#ide the re<uired cloc) for the microcontroller. $
ca"acitor and $'J is used to "ro#ide ,o&er 3n eset ,36 for the 8$5 microcontroller.
*9?1 is connected to "ins ,.$! ,.! ,.! ,.? of the microcontroller and t&o "airs of *9?1
are enabled by tieing E0! E0 to 5. *ogic oltage 56 is connected to ss "in and otor
-u""ly 6 is connected to the s "in of *9?1. Center Ta" of each &indings of ste""er
motor is shorted and connected to the motor su""ly. 0o& &e can energi%e each &inding of the
motor by ma)ing corres"onding "in of *9?1 *37.
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Interfacing Using ULN23
Interfacing +ni"olar -te""er otor &ith 8$5 using +*0$$?
In this circuit instead of *9?1! +*0$$? is used. 7or)ing is similar to the "re#ious circuit!
&hen an in"ut say (6 is ;IG; corres"onding out"ut "in C6 &ill be grounded. Thus &e can
energi%e any &inding of ste""er motor.
!eil C C"#e F"r Wave Drive#include<reg52.h>
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#include<stdio.h>
void delay-int)
void ain- do '2&001) //0001 delay-1000) '2&002) //0010 delay-1000) '2&00) //0100 delay-1000) '2&008) //1000 delay-1000) 4+hile-1)4
void delay-int 3 int i;) for-i&0)i<3)i66 for-&0)<100)66 4 44
!eil C C"#e f"r Full Drive#include<reg52.h>#include<stdio.h>
void delay-int)
void ain- do '2 & 00=) //0011 delay-1000) '2 & 00) //0110 delay-1000) '2 & 00:) //1100 delay-1000) '2 & 00?) //1001 delay-1000) 4+hile-1)4
void delay-int 3 int i;) for-i&0)i<3)i66
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for-&0)<100)66 4 44
!eil C C"#e f"r Half Drive#include<reg52.h>#include<stdio.h>
void delay-int)
void ain- do '2&001) //0001 delay-1000) '2&00=) //0011 delay-1000) '2&002) //0010 delay-1000) '2&00) //0110 delay-1000) '2&00) //0100 delay-1000) '2&00:) //1100 delay-1000) '2&008) //1000 delay-1000) '2&00?) //1001 delay-1000) 4 +hile-1)
4
void delay-int 3 int i;) for-i&0)i<3)i66 for-&0)<100)66 4 44
Dou can sim"lify these codes using the shift KK LL6 o"erators in C.
Interfacing Bipolar Stepper Motor
(i"olar ste""er motors ha#e no center ta" and ha#ing e<ual coil resistances. It can be easily
interfaced &ith a microcontroller using *9?1 1C otor 1ri#er IC.
Circuit 'iagra&
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Interfacing (i"olar -te""er otor &ith 8$5 using *9?1
!eil C C"#e
#include<reg52.h>#include<stdio.h>
void delay-int)
void ain- do '2&001) //0001
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delay-1000) '2&00) //0100 delay-1000) '2&002) //0010 delay-1000) '2&008) //1000 delay-1000) 4+hile-1)4
void delay-int 3 int i;) for-i&0)i<3)i66 for-&0)<100)66 4 44
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Interfacing Servo Motor with 8051 using Keil C
"y #"in $eorge % 10 Co&&ents
A ser#o motor uses ser#o mechanism! &hich is a closed loo" mechanism that uses "osition
feedbac) to control the "recise angular "osition of the shaft. -te""er otors! &hich is an o"en
loo" system can also be used for "recise angular control. (ut -er#o otors are "referred in
angular motion a""lications such as robotic arm. oreo#er controlling of ser#o motors are #erysim"le! easy and needs no e:tra hard&are li)e ste""er motor . +sually hobby circuit ser#o motors
ha#e three &ires. T&o of them are red and blac) &hich is used to gi#e "o&er to the motor and the
third &ire is used to "ro#ide control signal for angular "osition. It uses ,ulse 7idth odulated
,76 &a#es as control signals. The angle of rotation is determined by the &idth of the "ulse at
the control "in. The ser#o motor used here is ha#ing angle of rotation from $ to 8$ degrees. 7e
can control the e:act angular "osition by #arying the "ulse bet&een ms to ms. (efore using
this in your a""lication! "lease refer the datasheet of your ser#o for angle and "ulse &idth
informations.
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Controlling Angular ,osition of -er#o otor using ,ulse 7idth odulation
Circuit 'iagra&
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Interfacing -er#o otor &ith 8$5 = Circuit 1iagram
8;% crystal is used to "ro#ide the re<uired cloc) for 8$5 microcontroller and " ca"acitors
are used to stabili%e the o"eration of crystal. $'J resistor and $ ca"acitor is used to "ro#ide
the re<uired ,o&er 3n eset ,36 to the microcontroller. Control of -er#o otor is connected
to first "in of ,ort .
Keil C Co.e
#include<reg52.h>#include<stdio.h>#include <intrins.h>
s!it otor%pin & '2(0)void $elay-unsigned int)void $elay%servo-unsigned int)void ain-
otor%pin & 0)
do //@urn to 0 degree otor%pin & 1) $elay%servo-50) otor%pin & 0)
$elay-1000)
//@urn to ?0 degree otor%pin&1)
$elay%servo-82) otor%pin&0)
$elay-1000) //@urn to 180 degree otor%pin&1) $elay%servo-110) otor%pin&0)
$elay-1000) 4+hile-1)4
void $elay-unsigned int s unsigned long int us & s*1000) +hile-usAA %nop%-) 44
void $elay%servo-unsigned int us
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+hile-usAA %nop%-) 44
Dou can do&nload 'eil C files and ,roteus files here
nterfacing Keypa. with 8051 Microcontroller using Keil C
"y #"in $eorge % 1) Co&&ents
Matri/ Keypa.
atri: 'ey"ads are commonly used in calculators! tele"hones etc &here a number of in"ut
s&itches are re<uired. 7e )no& that matri: )ey"ad is made by arranging "ush button s&itches in
ro& and columns. In the straight for&ard &ay to connect a 4M4 )ey"ad s&itches6 to a
microcontroller &e need in"uts "ins. (ut by connecting s&itches in the follo&ing &ay &e can
read the status of each s&itch using 8 "ins of the microcontroller.
4M4Batri:B'ey"ad
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The status of each )eys can be determined by a "rocess called -canning. or the sa)e of
e:"lanation lets assume that all the column "ins Col = Col46 are connected to the in"uts "ins
and all the ro& "ins are connected to the out"ut "ins of the microcontroller. In the normal case all
the column "ins are "ulled u" ;IG; state6 by internal or e:ternal "ull u" resistors. 0o& &e can
read the status of each s&itch through scanning.
1 A logic 23 is given to 4ow1 an. others 4ow) – 4ow6+7 I$
) 9ow each Colu&n is scanne. If any switch "elongs to 1st row is presse.correspon.ing colu&n will pulle. .own logic 237 an. we can .etect thepresse. :ey
* his process is repeate. for all rows
If you need to sa#e more "ins of your microcontroller then you can interface )ey"ad using the
A1C module of your microcontroller.
Interfacing with 8051 Microcontroller
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Circuit #iagra$
Interfacing 'ey"ad &ith 8$5 icrocontroller using 'eil C
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$'J resistor and $ &ill "ro#ide the re<uired ,o&er 3n eset ,36 signal to the 8$5
microcontroller. ;% crystal is used to "ro#ide re<uired cloc) for the microcontroller and
" ca"acitors &ill stabili%e the oscillations of the crystal. AT89C5 can &or)s u"to 4;%.
7e can choose the re<uired fre<uency by changing the crystal and cloc) fre<uency in the "ro@ect
settings of 'eil C. 'ey"ad is connected to the ,ort , and column in"uts "ins are "ulled u"
internally. M *C1 is connected to ,ort , and ,$. ,$.$ and ,$. "ins are "ulled u" e:ternally
using $'J resistors since ,ort ,$ has no internal "ull u".
!eil C C"#e#include<reg52.h> //including sfr registers for ports of the controller#include<lcd.h>
//":$ odule :onnectionss!it 7, & '0(0)
s!it & '0(1)s!it $0 & '2(0)s!it $1 & '2(1)s!it $2 & '2(2)s!it $= & '2(=)s!it $ & '2()s!it $5 & '2(5)s!it $ & '2()s!it $B & '2(B)//nd ":$ odule :onnections
//Ceypad :onnectionss!it 71 & '1(0)s!it 72 & '1(1)
s!it 7= & '1(2)s!it 7 & '1(=)s!it :1 & '1()s!it :2 & '1(5)s!it := & '1()s!it : & '1(B)//nd Ceypad :onnections
void $elay-int a int ) int i) for-i&0)i<a)i66
for-&0)<100)66 4 44
char 7ead%Ceypad- :1&1)
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:2&1) :=&1) :&1) 71&0) 72&1) 7=&1) 7&1) if-:1&&0$elay-100)+hile-:1&&0)return DBD)4 if-:2&&0$elay-100)+hile-:2&&0)return D8D)4 if-:=&&0$elay-100)+hile-:=&&0)return D?D)4 if-:&&0$elay-100)+hile-:&&0)return D/D)4 71&1) 72&0) 7=&1) 7&1) if-:1&&0$elay-100)+hile-:1&&0)return DD)4 if-:2&&0$elay-100)+hile-:2&&0)return D5D)4 if-:=&&0$elay-100)+hile-:=&&0)return DD)4 if-:&&0$elay-100)+hile-:&&0)return DED)4 71&1)
72&1) 7=&0) 7&1) if-:1&&0$elay-100)+hile-:1&&0)return D1D)4 if-:2&&0$elay-100)+hile-:2&&0)return D2D)4 if-:=&&0$elay-100)+hile-:=&&0)return D=D)4 if-:&&0$elay-100)+hile-:&&0)return DAD)4 71&1) 72&1) 7=&1) 7&0) if-:1&&0$elay-100)+hile-:1&&0)return D:D)4 if-:2&&0$elay-100)+hile-:2&&0)return D0D)4 if-:=&&0$elay-100)+hile-:=&&0)return D&D)4 if-:&&0$elay-100)+hile-:&&0)return D6D)4 return 0)4
void ain- int i&0) char c;p) "cd8%Init-) +hile-1 "cd8%,et%:ursor-1;1) "cd8%Frite%,tring-GCeys 'ressedHG)
"cd8%,et%:ursor-2;1) "cd8%Frite%,tring-G@iesHG) +hile--c & 7ead%Ceypad-) p&c) +hile-p&&c i66) "cd8%,et%:ursor-1;1) "cd8%Frite%:har-c) "cd8%,et%:ursor-2;B)
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"cd8%Frite%:har-i68) $elay-100) +hile--c & 7ead%Ceypad-) 4 i&0) "cd8%:lear-) 44
The code consists of t&o user defined functions. The Dela(34 is used to ma)e delay in the
"rogram e:ecution. The 'eadKe(.ad34 reads the )ey"ad. If any )ey is "ressed it &aits until the
)ey is released and returns the corres"onding character. If no )ey is being "ressed it returns %ero.
As told before one of the "ins of the ro& is )e"t at a logic $ and the columns are chec)ed for a
logic $. If a logic $ is found the function returns a #alue according to the )ey "ressed. This
"rocess is re"eated for each ro& until a "ressed )ey is found. If not found it &ill return %ero.
This e:am"le "ro@ect &ill sho& the character of )ey "ressed and the number of times that )ey is
"ressed on the *C1 screen.
while363c 7 'eadKe(.ad3444 is used in the "rogram to read )ey"ad. It is a loc)ing call as it &ill
&ait until a )ey is "ressed and released.
!ote " The lcd is interfaced using the Nlcd.h> header file &hich is to be included in the "ro@ect
folder. or more details about *C1 interfacing "lease read our article Interfacing *C1 &ith 8$5
icrocontroller .
Dou can do&nload 'eil C files and ,roteus files here
Interfacing 'ey"ad &ith 8$5 using 'eil C
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Interfacing C' with 8051 using Keil C – A8!C51
"y igo $eorge % !+ Co&&ents
*i<uid Crystal 1is"lay *C16 is #ery commonly used electronic dis"lay module and ha#ing a
&ide range of a""lications such as calculators! la"to"s! mobile "hones etc. M character lcd
dis"lay is #ery basic module &hich is commonly used in electronics de#ices and "ro@ects. It can
dis"lay lines of characters. Each character is dis"layed using 5M or 5M$ "i:el matri:.
M Character *C1
Interfacing M *C1 &ith 8$5 using 'eil C is bit com"le: because there is no "o&erful
libraries in 'eil C. To sol#e this "roblem &e ha#e de#elo"ed a *C1 library &hich includes
commonly used features! you @ust need to include our header file and use it. Dou can do&nload
the header file at the bottom of this article.
*C1 can be interfaced &ith microcontroller in 4 (it or 8 (it mode. These differs in ho& data is
send to *C1. In 8 bit mode to &rite a character! 8 bit A-CII data is send through the data lines
1$ = 1 and data strobe is gi#en through E of the *C1. *C1 commands &hich are also 8 bit are
&ritten to *C1 in similar &ay.
(ut 4 (it ode uses only 4 data lines 14 = 1. In this mode 8 bit character A-CII data and
command data are di#ided into t&o "arts and send se<uentially through data lines. The idea of 4
bit communication is used sa#e "ins of microcontroller. 4 bit communication is a bit slo&er than
8 bit communication but this s"eed difference can be neglected since *C1s are slo& s"eed
de#ices. Thus 4 bit mode data transfer is most commonly used.
i"rary ;unctions in lc.h
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%cd8$nit34 %cd$nit34 " These function &ill initiali%e the *C1 module &hich is connnected
to "ins defined by follo&ing bit addressable #ariables.
or 8 (it odeO
//":$ odule :onnectionss!it 7, & '0(0)s!it & '0(1)s!it $0 & '2(0)s!it $1 & '2(1)s!it $2 & '2(2)s!it $= & '2(=)s!it $ & '2()s!it $5 & '2(5)s!it $ & '2()s!it $B & '2(B)//nd ":$ odule :onnections
or 4 (it ode O
//":$ odule :onnectionss!it 7, & '0(0)s!it & '0(1)s!it $ & '2()s!it $5 & '2(5)s!it $ & '2()s!it $B & '2(B)//nd ":$ odule :onnections
These connections must be defined for the "ro"er &or)ing of the *C1 library.
%cd8Clear34 %cdClear34 " These functions &ill clear the *C1 screen &hen interfaced
&ith 8$5 in 8 bit and 4 bit mode res"ecti#ely.
%cd8SetCursor34 %cdSetCursor34 " These functions are used to set the cursor "osition
on the lcd screen. (y using this function &e can change the "osition of character and string
dis"layed by the follo&ing functions.
%cd8/riteChar34 %cd/riteChar34 " These functions are used to &rite a character to
the *C1 screen.
%cd8/riteString34 %cd8/riteString34 " These functions are used to &rite a string or
te:t to the *C1 screen.
%cd8Shi&t%e&t34 %cdShi&t%e&t34 " These functions are used to shift dis"lay left &ithout
changing the data in dis"lay A.
%cd8Shi&t'ight34 %cd8Shi&t'ight34 " These functions are used to shift dis"lay right
&ithout changing the data in dis"lay A.
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8 Bit Mo.e C' Interfacing
Circuit Diagra$
*C1 Interfacing &ith 8$5 using 'eil C = 8 (it ode Circuit 1iagram
!eil C C"#e#include<reg52.h> //including sfr registers for ports of the controller#include<lcd.h> // :an !e do+nload fro !otto of this article
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//":$ odule :onnectionss!it 7, & '0(0)s!it & '0(1)s!it $0 & '2(0)s!it $1 & '2(1)s!it $2 & '2(2)s!it $= & '2(=)s!it $ & '2()s!it $5 & '2(5)s!it $ & '2()s!it $B & '2(B)//nd ":$ odule :onnectionsvoid $elay-int a int ) int i) for-i&0)i<a)i66 for-&0)<100)66
4 44void ain- int i) "cd8%Init-) +hile-1 "cd8%,et%:ursor-1;1) "cd8%Frite%,tring-Gelectro,oe ":$ Jello ForldG) for-i&0)i<15)i66 $elay-1000) "cd8%,hift%"eft-) 4 for-i&0)i<15)i66 $elay-1000) "cd8%,hift%7ight-) 4 "cd8%:lear-) "cd8%Frite%:har-DeD) "cd8%Frite%:har-D,D) $elay-=000) 4
4+ Bit Mo.e C' Interfacing
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Circuit Diagra$
*C1 Interfacing &ith 8$5 using 'eil C 4 (it ode = Circuit 1iagram
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!eil C C"#e#include<reg52.h> //including sfr registers for ports of the controller#include<lcd.h> //:an !e do+nload fro !otto of this article
//":$ odule :onnectionss!it 7, & '0(0)
s!it & '0(1)s!it $ & '2()s!it $5 & '2(5)s!it $ & '2()s!it $B & '2(B)//nd ":$ odule :onnectionsvoid $elay-int a int ) int i) for-i&0)i<a)i66 for-&0)<100)66 4 44void ain- int i) "cd%Init-) +hile-1 "cd%,et%:ursor-1;1) "cd%Frite%,tring-Gelectro,oe ":$ Jello ForldG) for-i&0)i<15)i66
$elay-1000) "cd%,hift%"eft-) 4 for-i&0)i<15)i66 $elay-1000) "cd%,hift%7ight-) 4 "cd%:lear-) "cd%,et%:ursor-2;1) "cd%Frite%:har-DeD) "cd%Frite%:har-D,D) $elay-2000)
44
ow to use the ea.er ;ile <
Co"y and ,aste the header file lcd.h to your "ro@ect folder. Then add lcd.h to your source grou".
. ight Clic) on -ource Grou"
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. Clic) on PAdd iles to NGrou" -ource Grou" Q
?. -elect lcd.h and Clic) Add
2pti&i=e Co.e for &ore #>ciency
Dou already seen that by using our header file lcd.h you can connect *C1 to any of the out"ut
"ins of the microcontroller. or this more coding is re<uired in the header file &hich ma)es the
generated he: file less efficient and large in si%e. Dou can sol#e this "roblem by ma)ing some
changes in the header file according to your hard&are connections. or eg O in the abo#e sam"le
"rograms I ha#e used "ort , for sending data and command. Rust re"lace the functions
Lcd4_Port(data) and Lcd8_Port(data) &ith P2 = data.
Dou can do&nload header file! )eil c files! "roteus files etc here
