Slide 2 Using the Neutrality to War document, answer the
following questions. You may work together but everyone must have
their own answers written down. YES you have to write the
questions! 1. Who was Gerald Nye, what did he do? 2. Define
Belligerent, Munitions, Embargo, & Appeasement? 3. What were
the Neutrality Acts? 4. What is the Quarantine Speech? 5. Who were
the 3 anonymous belligerents Roosevelt was talking about? 6. What
is Cash and Carry? 7. What is the first peace time draft? 8. What
was the Destroyer Base Deal? 9. What is the Lend Lease Act? Slide 3
WWII Vocab Munitions materials used in war..i.e. weapons,
ammunition, Belligerents Countries involved in war Embargo-partial
or complete prohibition of commerce and trade with a particular
country, in order to isolate it Appeasement-to yield or concede to
the belligerent demands of in a conciliatory effort, sometimes at
the expense right or justice. Slide 4 Who was Gerald Nye, what did
he do? He headed the committee that investigated the role played by
U.S. businessmen (munitions manufactures) in the American entrance
into World War I. An outspoken isolationist, he fathered the
Neutrality Act. Slide 5 What were the Neutrality Acts? As series of
legislations that attempted to keep the U.S. out of Europes war.
(ISOLATIONISM) 1. Forbade trade or sell of munitions to
belligerents 2. Forbade U.S. citizens to travel on belligerents
vessels 3. Banded loans to belligerents 4. Cash & Carry 5.
Destroyer Base Deal 6. Lend Lease Neutrality Acts attempted to keep
the US out of war Slide 6 What is the Quarantine Speech? In
response to Japanese action in China, Pres. Roosevelt delivers a
speech in which he calls for peace-loving nations to act together
to "quarantine" (embargo) AGGRESSIVES to protect the world from the
"disease" of war. Slide 7 Who were the 3 anonymous aggressors
Roosevelt was talking about? JAPAN Germany Italy Slide 8 What is
Cash and Carry allowed the sale of materiel to belligerents, as
long as the recipients arranged for the transport using their own
ships and paid immediately in cash, assuming all risk in
transportation. Slide 9 What is the first peace time draft?
Selective Service Act required that men between the ages of 21 and
35 register with local draft boards. Slide 10 What was the
Destroyer Base Deal U.S. exchanges WWI destroyers for British
Colonies in the western hemisphere Newfoundland Newfoundland
Bermuda Bermuda Antigua Antigua St. Lucia St. Lucia Jamaica Jamaica
Trinidad Trinidad British Guiana British Guiana Slide 11 What is
Lend Lease? The legislation gave President Roosevelt the powers to
sell, transfer, exchange, lend equipment to any country to help it
defend itself against the Axis powers. Slide 12 Atlantic Charter
Churchill and FDR agree to defend democracy, free trade and
economic advancement no territorial gains sought by the United
States or the United Kingdom; territorial adjustments must be in
accord with wishes of the people; the right to self-determination
of peoples; trade barriers lowered; global economic cooperation and
advancement of social welfare; freedom from want and fear; freedom
of the seas; disarmament of aggressor nations, postwar common
disarmament Slide 13 Nazism, Communism, Fascism, or Militarism?
State is the custodian of everything on behalf of the people. State
Ownership Classless, everyone is equal. thinks globally community
that holds the production and the major resources State controls
everythingpeopl e work for the betterment of the state. State
Control State is above all. Nobody more important than the state.
Think locally (the nation) ideology that tries to bring together
radical and authoritarian nationalism. State controls
everythingpeopl e work for the betterment of the state. Ethnic and
Racial superiority. State Control State is above all. Nobody more
important than the state. Think locally (the nation) ideology that
tries to bring together radical and authoritarian nationalism.
Military should dominate all aspects of political, economical, and
social society. A nation is only as strong as its military.
Expansion is vital for growth and survival. Slide 14
ItalyGermanyJapanRussia Fascism Mussolini Nazism Hitler Militarism
Tojo Communism Stalin Totalitarianism = political system where the
state, usually under the control of a single political person,
faction, or class, recognizes no limits to its authority and
strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life. Slide
15 The Rise of Fascism in Italy Fascism is a totalitarian form of
government which: Glorifies the state Has one leader and one party
All aspects of society are controlled by the government No
opposition or protests are tolerated Propaganda and censorship are
widely practiced If nation is Great, then the people are great.
Benito Mussolini came to power in 1922 and helped found the
political ideology of fascism. He sided with the Axis powers in
1940. The truth is that men are tired of liberty Slide 16 Mussolini
set up a Fascist Party and promised to solve Italys problems
rebuild Italy and recreate the Roman Empire Came to power in 1922
and was appointed to prevent a Communist Revolution in Italy Slide
17 Mussolini set up a Fascist Party Treaty of Versailles treated
Italy unfairly Italy will expand by force (military) Expanded into
Africa for resources Signed an Alliance with Hitler in 1936 Slide
18 What is Communism Belief Rich get Richer Poor get Poorer Goal To
eliminate social classes Make everything fair for everyone Problem
True communism never achieved Greed! Slide 19 Soviet Union Joseph
Stalin (1929) World Depression Russia and surrounding countries in
a great famine. Great Purge - wave of repression against Stalins
enemies. Murder 10x more people than Hitler. Expansion: expanding
communism into western Europe. Non-Aggression Pact with Germany,
Invaded Poland. 1939 Slide 20 Rise of the Nazi Party Nazi is
Fascism with 1 BIG difference! RACE Each race has a characteristic.
Aryan Race is the Master Race. JEWS the lowest race Corrupted other
inferior races. Wanted to take over the world Parasites that
betrayed Germany Stole work from Aryans. Slide 21 Japan Militarism
Military should dominate all aspects of political, economical, and
social society. A nation is only as strong as its military.
Expansion is vital for growth and survival. glorification of war
Constant preparation for war. Slide 22 Japanese Expansionism
1919-Post WWI Treaty of Versailles unfair. 1920s Japan seeking
expansion needs natural resources 1931- Japan invades Manchuria
1932-1936 political turmoil 1936 Joins Nazi Germany and Fascist
Italy to end Communism 1937 Japan began to attack China
(Sino-Japanese War). 1937 US issues Oil embargo(80% dependent) In
1938, war between Japan and the Soviet Union. China supported by US
and Soviets Union, wanted to discuss peace. Roosevelt sided w/
China Nov 1941- Japan orders attack if peace fails Slide 23 THE DAY
OF INFAMY December 7, 1941 PEARL HARBOR Slide 24 Causes Japans
aggressive expansion tactics Japans aggressive expansion tactics
The U.S. demanded that Japan withdraw from China and Indochina The
U.S. demanded that Japan withdraw from China and Indochina Japan
thought that attacking the U.S. would provide them an easy win, and
a territory with abundant land and resources to rule once they were
victorious. Japan thought that attacking the U.S. would provide
them an easy win, and a territory with abundant land and resources
to rule once they were victorious. The U.S. oil embargo against
Japan was hurting Japans economy The U.S. oil embargo against Japan
was hurting Japans economy Slide 25 Warfare Used During Attack
Japan -8-8-8-81 Fighter Planes -1-1-1-135 Dive Bombers -1-1-1-104
Horizontal Bombers -4-4-4-40 Torpedo Planes -A-A-A-At least 5
Midget Submarines Slide 26 Warfare (continued) United States United
States - 108 Fighter Planes (59 not available for flight) - 35 Army
Bombers (27 not available for flight) - 993 Army/Navy Antiaircraft
Guns Slide 27 During the Attack * Japan would control the entire
Pacific by December 8 Slide 28 Casualties Japan -L-L-L-Less then
100 men -2-2-2-29 planes -5-5-5-5 midget submarines United States
-2-2-2-2,335 servicemen killed, 68 civilians killed, 1,178 wounded
-1-1-1-188 planes -1-1-1-18 ships (8 battleships, 3 light cruisers,
3 destroyers, 4 other vessels) Slide 29 Outcome of Pearl Harbor
Japan dealt a seemingly crippling blow to the U.S. Pacific fleet.
Down to 25-30 % Japan began their quest for a Pacific empire The
U.S. finally was forced to join World War II (The Sleeping Giant
was awakened) The U.S. & Great Britain declare war on Japan
(Dec. 8, 1941) Germany & Italy declare war on the U.S. (Dec.
11, 1941) Slide 30 December 8, 1941 FDR Speech Yesterday, Dec. 7,
1941 - A date which will live in infamy the United States of
America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air
forces of the Empire of Japan. Slide 31 Slide 32 Effects of Pearl
Harbor Attack unified the division between anti/pro war supporters.
85% of Fleet destroyed Except Air craft carriers & submarines
Led to Japanese interment camps. Huge mobilization effort Men
enlist to fight Women take jobs Minorities step up in employment
and in War. Slide 33 AMERICA TURNS THE TIDE Make a chart with a
section for each of he following concepts Mobilization Cooperation
Women African-Americans Hispanics Japanese-Americans Other Slide 34
Mobilization Slide 35 Building an Army Selective Service Act 1940
First Peace Time Draft Highly opposed until Germany defeated France
(Spring 1941) 16 Million Americans served in the armed forces.
Slide 36 A PRODUCTION MIRACLE Americans converted their auto
industry into a war industry Automobile plants produced tanks,
planes, boats, Jeeps Produced 1/3 of military equipment during the
war. Slide 37 Converting the Economy Cost Plus Contracts- Govt.
Cost Plus Contracts- Govt. agrees to pay pvt. Companies for
production + %. Reconstruction Finance Corp. Reconstruction Finance
Corp. Made loans to pvt. Companies to make munitions. War
Production Board War Production Board supervised and regulated the
production and sale of material essential to the logistics of World
War II. Slide 38 Slide 39 Cooperation Slide 40 Paying for the War
War Bonds E, Victory, Liberty, Loans Buy a bond and cash it in
later for a profit. $100,000,000 generated. Slide 41 Slide 42 Slide
43 Slide 44 Rationing People were given ration coupons for goods
such as gas, coffee, sugar, tires, and meats. Recycled items such
as tin, metal, rubber and grease. Slide 45 Coupons Rationing
Coupons- Traded in coupons for goods Slide 46 Price Controls Office
of Price Controls Regulated prices and Wages Slide 47 Victory
Gardens Public Gardens for food consumptions planted in public
places Parks Schoolyards Empty lots Yards Slide 48 American Women
During WWII Slide 49 Women Join the workforce Took jobs vacated by
fighting men Joined the army Nurses, Secretaries Womens Army Corps
64,000 enlisted New fashion Jeans Overalls Head scarves Slide 50
Slide 51 Slide 52 Slide 53 Slide 54 African-Americans Slide 55
African-Americans Work Great Migration Resumes. Southern Blacks
move to North for jobs Protest unfair hiring practices FDR issues
Executive Order 8802 (no discrimination for employment based on
race) Received more jobs and more equality (prelude to civil rights
movement) Slide 56 African Americans War Segregated Army Double V
campaign Abroad (enemy) Home (racism) Tuskegee Airmen Fighter
squadron 761st Tank Battalion Battle of the Bulge Desegregated
Bases 1943 Slide 57 Mexican-Americans Slide 58 Bracero Program A
Mexican laborer allowed into the United States for a limited time
as a seasonal agricultural worker. Zoot Suit Riots- 1943 L.A. Young
Mexican- Americans vs US Sailors Fought in the war Slide 59
Japanese-Americans Slide 60 Japanese Americans Japanese-Americans
loyalty questioned after Pearl Harbor Forced to sell homes and
relocate to internment camps Korematsu v. USA Internment camps
constitutional based on military urgency not on race 442nd combat
regiment Fought in the war Slide 61 Native Americans in WWII 1 out
of 3 Native Americans served in WWII Many of them became part of
the group, the Navajo Code-Talkers The Code-Talkers used their own
languages to communicate messages across enemy lines Messages
intercepted but not translated. Slide 62 German-Americans Travel,
property restrictions Internment camps Spies Ridicule Slide 63
