USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Joint Battle Management, Command & Control: Path to Interoperability Lieutenant General Robert W. Wagner Deputy Commander United States

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED

Joint Battle Management, Command & Control:

Path to Interoperability

Lieutenant General Robert W. Wagner

Deputy Commander

United States Joint Forces Command


“ As the battlefield becomes increasingly complex, the transformation of our nation’s military is dependent upon joint operations with assured interoperability and connectivity down to the tactical level.”

SECDEF Memo on Interoperability and Connectivity, November 2003


Deconflict Service Forces

Army Forces

Air Forces

Marine Forces

Navy Forces


Coordinate Stitch Service SeamsDeconflict

Service Forces

Army Forces

Air Forces

Marine Forces

Navy Forces

Army Forces

Air Forces

Marine Forces

Navy Forces



Army Forces

Air Forces

Marine Forces

Navy Forces

CoordinateStitch Service

Seams

Army Forces

Air Forces

Marine Forces

Navy Forces

Integration of Service

Capabilities

Transforming the Joint Force Transforming the Joint Force

Army Forces

Air Forces

Marine Forces

Navy Forces

SOF



Army Forces

Air Forces

Marine Forces

Navy Forces

CoordinateStitch Service

Seams

Army Forces

Air Forces

Marine Forces

Navy Forces

InterdependentCoherently Joint

Collaborative CoordinationEffects-Based

Network CentricInteragency-Multinational

A Full Spectrum capabilities-based

joint force

Multination

al

Interagency

SOF

SOF


Capabilities

Army Forces

Air Forces

Marine Forces

Navy Forces

SOF

Transforming the Joint Force Transforming the Joint Force


x x x x x x

Corps Marine ExpeditionaryForce (MEF)

x x x

Conventional

I I I

AIRGROUND

Massed Forces

Deconflicted

Linearly – Sequential

Attrition warfare

Military to Military

Independent


x x x x x x

Corps Marine ExpeditionaryForce (MEF)

x x x

Conventional

I I I

AIRGROUND

From Battlefield to Battlespace

HUMINT

UNMANNEDSENSORS & STRIKE

HomelandInformationEnvironment

SOFLight

SOF SOFSOF

SystemsAnalysis

INTEGRATEDAIR-GROUND

INTEGRATEDSOF-

CONVENTIONAL

PRECISION STRIKE

SYMMETRIC

ASYMMETRIC

PRECISION STRIKE

IO/PSYOP

WMD

SPACE

CYBER-SPACE

UNMANNED SYSTEMS

Threat

Allies

Heavy

Massed Forces Massed effects

Deconflicted Integrated Interdependent

Linearly – Sequential Simultaneous depth of space

Attrition warfare Rapid start/stop

Military to Military All elements of national power

Independent Networked


The Growing Gap

DataTransmitted

DataAnalyzed


Time

Research Analysis Production

Closing the Gap

Current


Time

Research Analysis Production

• Decrease Development Time

• Increase Analytical Rigor

Closing the Gap

Networked / Collaborative

Current

Future


Decision MakingThe Meeting Chain

•Linear down•Linear back•Limited cross talk•Partial transmission•Slow

NetworkedEUCOM

66th MI

902nd MI

Meade

VPN

513th MICENTCOM

INTELLIGENCE

CI

NGIC

BA

CENTCOM

JFCOM

OPERATIONS

POLICY

501st MI

205th MI

HQINSCOM

Ft Gordon & Camp Doha

JFIC

JWACCIA

CITFGTMO

NSA

SOJICC

SOCOM

704th MIMeade

STRATCOMDARPA

J9JITF-CT

CIFA

•Communities of Interest•Instant Chat•Knowledge Informed / Enabled•First hand transmission•Rapid


A Notional ISR Picture

Or is it?

Is it:

•One picture or many?

•Possible coverage or actual coverage?

•Is it linked and real time?

•What does it tell the Commander?


Battle Damage Assessment (BDA)• Can it keep up with operational speed in order to

inform operational decisions?• Are assessments measured in days, hours or

minutes?• If we are uncertain, do we re-strike and/or lose

momentum while we seek certainty• How do we train to support the fluid fight?• When conducting “effects based operations” what is

“effects based BDA”– Is it automated? Federated? Networked?– Is it lethal and non-lethal– Does it Incorporate self assessing weapons?


Battle Effectiveness AssessmentBattle Damage Assessment (BDA)

• Can it keep up with operational speed in order to inform operational decisions?

• Are assessments measured in days, hours or minutes?

• If we are uncertain, do we re-strike and/or lose momentum while we seek certainty

• How do we train to support the fluid fight?• When conducting “effects based operations” what is

“effects based BDA”– Is it automated? Federated? Networked?– Is it lethal and non-lethal– Does it Incorporate self assessing weapons?

Informing the next step – Real Time – All Source

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIEDBlue Force TrackingBrigade and Above Migration to Interoperability

USA MCS 6.3.2 MCS 6.3.D MCS 6.4 MCS 6.4 JTCW 7.0USMC C2PC5.8 C2PC 5.9 C2PC 6.0 C2PC 6.1

Sep 03 Mar 04 Mar 05 Mar 06 Mar 07

Key

C2/

SA

In

tero

per

abil

ity

Met

rics

INTSUM / OPSUM

Logistics Information

NBC Warnings & Reports

TBMD and Air Defense Warnings

CCIRs

Obstacle Information

Combat Power

Air Tracks

Plans and Orders

Commander Sitreps

ATO / ACO

Air Coordination Measures

Fires (Targets, FSCMs,

Overlays – Battlefield Geometries & Control Measures

Plans and Orders

Commander Sitreps

Red Picture (Correlated and SPOT Reports)

Blue SA (Air/Ground at platform/unit levels)

JTCW pursuit

of NR KPP

Army and MarineArmy and MarineCorps bde/regt can beCorps bde/regt can beseamlessly cross-seamlessly cross-attachedattached

Army Bde can Army Bde can work directlywork directlyfor JTFfor JTF

Army Bde canArmy Bde canOperate Adjacent Operate Adjacent To Marine Corps To Marine Corps RegimentRegiment

Systems improving interoperability

now

simultaneously to converging


Speed Kills

• Enemy Situation

• Friendly Capabilities

• Weapons

• Command and Control

• Coalition and Interagency


Speed Kills

• Enemy Situation

• Friendly Capabilities

• Weapons

• Command and Control

• Coalition and Interagency

Early Networked Situational Awareness

Dramatically Increases Response Options

Decide – Act - Adapt


Joint C2

JointISR

JointFires

Interagency Coalition

Joint Battle Management Command and Control spans the continuum of Joint C2, Joint Intelligence Surveillance and

Reconnaissance (ISR), Joint Fires, Interagency, and Coalition

Joint BMC2 Context


Net-Centric Operations

An information superiority concept of operations Effects Based Operations

Coherently Joint

Fully Networked Decision makers, Shooters, Sensors

and Systems

Shared Real Time Situational Awareness

Increased Speed of Command

Information/Knowledge Superiority

Supports Synchronized Non-contiguous Operations

Enabling Decision Superiority - - but more soDecide, Act, Adapt


ThinkingDifferently

FullyNetworked

CoherentlyJoint

KnowledgeCentric

EffectsBased

Transforming How We Think and Operate

Legacy systems will not meet this challenge!

Enabling Networked Operations


Joint Concept Development Path

Joint Concept Development and Experimentation Strategy (FY 04-

05)

FY 01

UnifiedVision

Joint Prototype Path

Provide actionable recommendations from experimentation results to senior leaders to inform options for future force investments

Field the Standing Joint Force Headquarters (SJFHQ) – including the enabling concepts for developing transformational joint command and control

Deliver rapid, prototyping of capabilities to improve joint warfighting now

Include our Combatant Commands, Services, Defense Agencies and Multinational partners; collaborate in experimentation activities

FY 04 FY 05 FY 06

FY 04 FY 05 FY 06

MillenniumChallenge

Operational Lessons Learned

• Leverage Combatant Commander Exercises and Operations• Leverage Service Sponsored Wargames and Seminars

• Leverage Combatant Commander Exercises and Operations• Leverage Service Sponsored Wargames and Seminars

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIEDDelivering Innovation

Stitch Stitch Service Service SeamsSeams

Integration of Integration of Service Service

CapabilitiesCapabilities

Effects-based, Effects-based, Collaborative & Network Collaborative & Network

CentricCentric

Deconflict Deconflict Service Service ForcesForces

WWIIWWII

Desert Desert StormStorm

OEF/OIFOEF/OIF

FutureFuture


Expands USJFCOM responsibility for:

Strengthening Department’s fielding of Joint Battle Management Command and Control (JBMC2) capabilities

Leading Combatant Commanders in development of joint doctrine, concepts, mission/capability requirements for Joint BMC2

Coordinating JBMC2 capabilities for joint integration and interoperability with the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC)

Direct oversight and directive authorities for selected DoD programs and initiatives

MANAGEMENT INITIATIVE DECISION 912 HIGHLIGHTS


What the Warfighter Needs

• An integrated, interoperable, and networked joint force:– that will insure common shared situational awareness– that will allow fused, precise and actionable intelligence– that will support coherent distributed and dispersed

operations, including forced entry into anti-access or area-denial environments

– that will ensure decision superiority enabling more agile, more lethal, and survivable joint operations


Transformation Leaders in JBMC2

Standing Joint Force Headquarters

Collaborative Information Environments

Deployable Joint Command and Control

Netted Joint Forces

Integrated Joint Fires

Joint National Training Capability (JNTC)

Advanced Concepts Effects Based Operations (EBO), Operational Net Assessment (ONA)Etc.

#1 – Improve interoperability to the tactical #1 – Improve interoperability to the tactical level: level: JBMC2 RoadmapJBMC2 Roadmap (to include necking-(to include necking-down BMC2 apps)down BMC2 apps)

TTOODDAAYY

20082008

# 2 – Global Information Grid (GIG) / Net-# 2 – Global Information Grid (GIG) / Net-centric Visioncentric Vision

Make interoperable

Make interoperable

Neck-down systems

Neck-down systems

Attacking the Problem on Two Fronts

Achieving Net-Centric “Operations”

•Original GIG envisioned as overarching top down (CIO driven) architecture

•New GIG focused on Net-Centric standards and related policy

•DAB•JROC•CIO Board

•MID 912

•Must be Joint Warfighter Driven, (JFCOM and Joint Staff – JCIDS/FCBs process)

•AT&L lead for System Views

•NII lead for Technical Views (standards)

•JTA 6.0

•Critical NII/ Net-Centric Checklist

•Need database harmonization

•Need Information Assurance

•For near term make JBMC2 operationally interoperable (FIOP – SIAP, SIGP, FORCEnet, SISP…)

•For future leverage NCES for most all functions (applications), but allow for real-time organic warfighter applications

Policy GovernanceArchitecturesStandards

Functional CapabilityBalance

•Bandwidth Expansion (NII Lead)

Networks

In Place & Evolving

(Total Mission Critical to phase out or make interoperable–360)(Total Mission Critical to phase out or make interoperable–360)

Mis

sion

Crit

ical

ISR

+87

Mis

sion

Crit

ical

ISR

+87

Mission Critical Support Communications +132Mission Critical Support Communications +132

130130 Core BMC2Core BMC2

TotalTotal

FIOPFIOP

SIAP

SISP

SOFP

SIMPSIMPSIGP

DOTMLPFDOTMLPFJI&IJI&I (~ (~ 30)30)GCCS

Logistics +11

Logistics +11

Magnitude of the JBMC2 Roadmap System Challenge“Making JBMC2 Interoperable by 2008”

Joint Battle Management Command and Control (JBMC2)Management Structure

Air Air ForcForc

ee

USJFCOM USJFCOM ““Top-Level” Top-Level”

Tradeoffs and LeadershipTradeoffs and LeadershipAcross Joint Mission ThreadsAcross Joint Mission Threads

JBMC2 Engineering TeamJBMC2 Engineering Team(Service Lead FIOP (USAF))(Service Lead FIOP (USAF))

““Day-to-Day” Systems Engineering Day-to-Day” Systems Engineering /Picture Integration/Picture Integration

(FIOP, SIAP, SIGP, FORCEnet, SISP)(FIOP, SIAP, SIGP, FORCEnet, SISP)

ArmyArmy USMCUSMC NavyNavy

OSDOSD(AT&L, NII & (AT&L, NII & JS) Strategy JS) Strategy & Oversight& Oversight

Service implementation of JBMC2Service implementation of JBMC2EngineeringEngineering

Air Air ForcForc

ee

USJFCOMUSJFCOM(MID 912)(MID 912)

JBMC2 BODJBMC2 BOD

ArmyArmy USMCUSMC NavyNavy

SECDEFSECDEF

JROCJROC(JCIDS)(JCIDS)

JCB/FCBsJCB/FCBs

CoordinationCoordination

CoordinationCoordination

Service participation in JBMC2Service participation in JBMC2 RequirementsRequirements

USAFUSAFUSAFUSAF

AQUISITIONAQUISITION REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTS

Bridge between JBMC2 capabilityrequirements development andsystems engineering needs//programmatic decision support

• JBMC2 Roadmap - a living documentJBMC2 Roadmap - a living document• Conduct “JBMC2 Capability DAB”Conduct “JBMC2 Capability DAB”• Conduct Net Centric Program Reviews using Conduct Net Centric Program Reviews using

the Net Centric Checklistthe Net Centric Checklist• Ensure Services and Agencies implement Ensure Services and Agencies implement

Roadmap and Checklist decisions in the POM Roadmap and Checklist decisions in the POM and in Programsand in Programs

…Next Steps


Service Context and Organizations Joint Context, JTFs & SJFHQ

Service Training Transformation JNTC

JBMC2, CIEService Command & Control

Continuum of Transformation

Service Lessons Learned JLL

Organic Fires Joint Fires/JTACFSCL Kill Box/ETACS

Transforming the Joint Force Deconflict

Service ForcesCoordinate

Stitch Service Seams


Capabilities

InterdependentCoherently Joint

Collaborative CoordinationEffects-Based, Network Centric

Interagency-Multinational

Army Forces

Air Forces

Marine Forces

Navy Forces

Army Forces

Air Forces

Marine Forces

Navy Forces

Multination

al

Interagency

Army Forces

Air Forces

Marine Forces

Navy Forces

SOF

SOF

SOF


Summary

• Interoperability and integration are fundamental to effective joint operations

• Both current and future requirements must be considered and synchronized

• New “top down” requirements process and new paradigm for JBMC2 are steps in the right direction…..but they must be given time to take root


Back ups


• Interoperability: The ability of systems, units, or forces to provide services to and accept services from other systems, units or forces and to use the services exchanged to enable them to operate effectively together. (JP 0-2)

• Integration: The arrangement of military forces and their actions to create a force that operates by engaging as a whole. (JP 0-2)

• Joint: Activities, operations and organizations, etc., in which elements of two or more military Departments participate (JP 0-2).

• Joint Force: A force composed of significant elements (assigned or attached) of two or more Military Departments operating under a single joint force commander. (JP 0-2)

Interoperability is key to Joint Force IntegrationInteroperability is key to Joint Force Integration

Guiding Definitions


Secretary of Defense directed expanded responsibilities for USJFCOM to improve the

Department of Defense ability to field Joint Battle Management Command and Control capabilities

(MID 912)

JBMC2 Mandate

“Strengthens the Department’s fielding of Joint Battle Management Command and Control capabilities by

improving the Department’s ability to organize, train, and equip joint forces.”

“Strengthens the Department’s fielding of Joint Battle Management Command and Control capabilities by

improving the Department’s ability to organize, train, and equip joint forces.”


ThinkingDifferently

FullyNetworked

CoherentlyJoint

KnowledgeCentric

EffectsBased

• Networked C2 (JBMC2)• Distributed Common Ground

Surface/System (DCGS)• Global Information Grid (GIG-

BE)• Collaborative Info Environment

(CIE)• Net-Centric Enterprise Services (NCES)

• Operational Net Assessment (ONA)• Joint Intel, Surveillance and

Reconnaissance (JISR)• Intel Transformation• Decision Superiority

• Effects-Based Operations (EBO)• Information Operations (IO)• Force Projection (JDPO)• Joint Tactical Actions (JTA)

• Standing Joint Force Headquarters (SJFHQ)

• Joint Interagency Coordination Group (JIACG)

• Multinational Info Sharing (MNIS)

Transforming How We Think and Operate

Legacy systems will not meet this challenge!

Enabling Networked Operations

Documents

USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Joint Battle Management, Command & Control: Path to Interoperability Lieutenant General Robert W. Wagner Deputy Commander United States