V. Exercises 2 EX: II, P. 153 2 EX: VI, P. 155 2 EX: VII, P. 156 2 EX: VIII, P. 156 2 EX: IX, P. 157 2 EX: X, P. 157 2 EX: III, P. 153 2 EX: IV, P. 154

V. Exercises

《读写教程2》 EX: II, P. 153

《读写教程2》 EX: VI, P. 155

《读写教程2》 EX: VII, P. 156

《读写教程2》 EX: VIII, P. 156

《读写教程2》 EX: IX, P. 157

《读写教程2》 EX: X, P. 157

《读写教程2》 EX: III, P. 153

《读写教程2》 EX: IV, P. 154

《读写教程2》 EX: V, P. 154

Comprehension

Vocabulary

Word Building

Structure

Translation

V. Exercises — Comprehension BackBack

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1. Did Debbie like her former name? Why? Or why not?

No, she didn’t like her former name Debbie, because it didn’t suit her good looks and elegant manner, and it made her think she should be a cook.

《读写教程 2 》 : Ex. II, p. 153Ex. II, p. 153《读写教程 2 》 : Ex. II, p. 153Ex. II, p. 153

II. Answer the following questions.

V. Exercises — Comprehension

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She felt more comfortable with herself and other people started to take her more seriously.

2. According to Debbie, what difference did it make when she substituted her middle name, Lynne, for her first name Debbie?

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The writer thinks that the name change didn’t cause Debbie’s professional achievement, but it surely helped by adding a bit of self-confidence to her talents.

3. What did the writer think of Debbie’s name change?

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4. According to the writer, why did one prominent magazine consistently refuse to print “Joe” in his by-line?

The writer thought that, to other people, his name, Joe, made him more qualified to be a baseball player than an art critic. He also suspected that if he were a more refined Arthur or Adrian, the name would have appeared complete.

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5. In Paragraph 5, why was the woman ill at ease?

The woman was ill at ease because the man to whom she wanted the writer to introduce her was the same person with whom she once turned down a blind date because of his name.

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6. Why did the writer say that we were all guilty of name stereotyping to some extent?

We often project name-based stereotypes on people. For example, one of the writer’s women friends confessed that while taking charge of a nursery-school’s group of four-year-olds, she had their personalities confused because of their names.

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7. How can name-based prejudices affect classroom achievement?

One study showed that teachers gave consistently lower grades on essays supposed to have been written by boys with less appealing names than they awarded to the same papers when the writers were given better-sounding names.

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8. According to the writer, what can you do if your name doesn’t seem to fit you?

With some determination, you can change your name.

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V. Exercises — Vocabulary

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《读写教程 2 》 : Ex. III, p. 153Ex. III, p. 153《读写教程 2 》 : Ex. III, p. 153Ex. III, p. 153

III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.

characteristic

confess application

substitute

confidence qualify reserve approval

prominent extent label award

1. I have a packed time-table this week. Could

you _________ for me at the meeting at the

head office?

substitute

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approval2. The new project is expected to start early

next year; it has won the ________ of the board.

3. Though you failed in this job interview, you should trust yourself. It’s sad that one lacks _________ in himself.confidence

characteristic

confess application

substitute



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prominent4. He is only 30 years old, but he has become a

__________ surgeon in this city.

5. Martin Luther King Jr. was ________ the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize for advocating the nonviolence policy in the movement for citizen rights.

awarded

characteristic

confess application

substitute



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qualify

6. Although you have graduated from the university, a first degree in English does not _______ you to teach English.

7. Generosity is really ____________ of Mr. Johnson; he has offered to buy the air tickets to New York for all of us.

characteristic

characteristic

confess application

substitute



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applications8. The unemployed engineer wrote a dozen

___________ for jobs but got nothing.

characteristic

confess application

substitute



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《读写教程 2 》 : Ex. IV, p. 154Ex. IV, p. 154《读写教程 2 》 : Ex. IV, p. 154Ex. IV, p. 154

IV. Save these sentences! Some students try to use an expression from the text—but they have got all the prepositions or adverbs mixed up. Correct all the sentences, using expressions from the text. Then put a definition, a substitute word or synonym or translation of the corrected expression in the space provided.

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1. Please fill on this form, giving your name, age, and address.

Correct form:

fill outfill inSynonym:

2. Since I had given his offer plenty of thought before I accepted it, I feel comfortable on my decision.

Correct form:

feel comfortable withfeel comfortable aboutSynonym:

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3. In order to improve people’s living standard, we should attach first importance on the development of the economy.Correct form:

attach first importance to;认为……重要，把……放在第一位

Translation:

4. Because we don’t want to be too friendly with the Smiths, we politely turned off their invitation.Correct form:

turned downrejected, refusedSynonym:

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5. When he noticed my hesitation, he came on me and said: “Come on, John.”Correct form:

came up to/came tocame near, approached until standing close to

Definition:

6. I don’t know whether to accept this new job, and the company is pressing me with a decision.

Correct form:

pressing me fordemand insistently from (sb.)

Definition:

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7. She quarreled with him because he wanted to project his own thoughts and ideas into her.

Correct form:

project… on/onto

cause (one’s own feelings or thoughts) to be experienced by others

Definition:

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8. During the summer holiday many relatives came to Shanghai to see the sights. We were stuck by unexpected visitors.

Correct form:

were stuck with

不得不接待，被迫接待Translation:

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V. Exercises — Word Building

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V. The prefixes in-, im-, il- and ir- are added to adjectives to make them negative in meaning. For example,

《读写教程 2 》 : Ex. V, p. 154Ex. V, p. 154《读写教程 2 》 : Ex. V, p. 154Ex. V, p. 154

in- + complete —— incomplete: not complete

ir- + responsible —— irresponsible: not responsible

Now add these prefixes to the adjectives listed below to make them negative and then complete the following sentences with some of these words. There are more words than are needed.

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sensitive polite appropriate

consistent

direct logical regular patient

capable proper correct responsible

1. They have been out of job for too long and they each have a large family to support. That explains why they are so _________ for jobs and security.

impatient

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consistent



2. Since I know that to use money in the project will be a risk, it would be ___________ of me not to advise my company to give up the project.

irresponsible

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consistent



3. An exchange of views which contains contradictions is ___________.inconsistent

4. There is nothing direct to show that he is guilty of the crime. So far all the evidence is only _______.indirect

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consistent


capable proper correct responsible5. It was very __________ of you to tell her

about your pay raise when she has been unemployed since last year.

insensitive

6. Joking with everyone at this official celebration is ______________________ behavior for such a serious occasion.

improper/inappropriate

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consistent



7. What do you think of your chemistry instructor?

Oh, she’s _________ of doing any real teaching and she’s so boring .

incapable

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consistent



8. The young woman has a very little child to look after and she does not like such ________ working hours.irregular

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un- + dress —— undress: do the opposite of

dressing, take off clothes

un- + tie —— untie: do the opposite of tying,

undo the tie


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《读写教程 2 》 : Ex. VI, p. 155Ex. VI, p. 155《读写教程 2 》 : Ex. VI, p. 155Ex. VI, p. 155

VI. The prefix un- is added to adjectives to make them negative in meaning. For example,

un- + wise —— unwise: not wise

un- + forgettable —— unforgettable: not forgettable

The prefix can also be added to verbs to mean the opposite of [verb]. For example,

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1. I have been working without any break for 24 hours. It is ____________ to expect me to work all night again today.


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unreasonable

Now add un- to the following adjectives or verbs to form new words and then complete the following sentences with some of the new words.

tidy reasonable fold limited

load fashionable cover noticeable

do recognizable

grateful certain

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2. She ________ a large map and spread it on the table.

unfolded



do recognizable

grateful certain

3. I had a long talk with him yesterday, but I’m still _________ about his intentions.uncertain

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4. After a two-month enquiry, the police have _________ a plot to rob the bank.uncovered

5. You have done so much for him, but he never expresses any thanks. How could you put up with such __________ behavior?

ungrateful



do recognizable

grateful certain

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6. The British ship arrived at the port last week and is _________ its contents in the harbor now.

unloading



do recognizable

grateful certain

7. We should economize on oil, because the supply of a natural resource is never _________.unlimited

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8. They had been working on the project since January, but a terrible fire last week _____ months of hard work.undid



do recognizable

grateful certain

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V. Exercises — Structure

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《读写教程 2 》 : Ex. VII, p. 156Ex. VII, p. 156《读写教程 2 》 : Ex. VII, p. 156Ex. VII, p. 156

VII. The underlined part in each of the

examples below is independent of the other

parts of the sentence in terms of grammar.

Independent elements are often set off by

commas or dashes.Naturally, the name change didn’t cause Debbie/Lynne’s professional achievement.Apparently, such prejudices can affect classroom achievement as well.

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最重要的是，一旦确立了目标，你就要以极大的决心去为之努力。

1. Most important, once you set a goal you have to work for it with great determination.

Identify the independent elements in the following sentences, and then translate the sentences into Chinese.

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3. To tell the truth, teachers are also under

enormous pressure.

老实说，老师们也有很大压力。

从严格意义上来说，许多医学院的学生是在为他们的父母而学习。

2. Many students in medical school are, strictly speaking, studying for their parents.

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5. Obviously, television has both advantages

and disadvantages.

显然，电视有优点也有缺点。

换句话说，问题在于整个社会。

4. The problem, in other words, lies in society as a whole.

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Model: One day, while she was filling out an application form for a publishing job, the young woman impulsively substituted her middle name, Lynne, for her first name Debbie.


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VIII. Study the model and rewrite each of the following sentences with the –ing participle clause with a conjunction or without a conjunction.

《读写教程 2 》 : Ex. VIII, p. 156Ex. VIII, p. 156《读写教程 2 》 : Ex. VIII, p. 156Ex. VIII, p. 156

One day, while filling out an application form for a publishing job, the young woman impulsively substituted her middle name, Lynne, for her first name Debbie.

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1. While I was waiting at the doctor’s, I read

the whole of a short story.

While waiting at the doctor’s, I read

the whole of a short story.

2. After you have used the brush, put it in

its proper place.

After using the brush, put it in its proper place.

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3. Before he was in the army, he was an engineer.

Before being in the army, he was an

engineer.4. If you work hard, you will succeed.

Working hard, you will succeed.

5. If weather permits, the match will be played

on Wednesday.

Weather permitting, the match will be

played on Wednesday.

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V. Exercises — Translation

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《读写教程 2 》 : Ex. IX, p. 157Ex. IX, p. 157《读写教程 2 》 : Ex. IX, p. 157Ex. IX, p. 157

IX. Translate the following into English.

She was very guilty about having misunderstood her best friend.

1. 她误解了自己最好的朋友，感到非常内疚。

misunderstand be/feel very guilty about doing sth.

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Her good looks and elegant manners are

very attractive.

2. 她容貌秀美，举止优雅，很吸引人。

good looks elegant manners

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Obviously, he takes it for granted that his educational background and work experience are surely impressive. But actually they are not.

3. 显然，他总以为自己的学历和工作经历肯定会给人深刻的印象，但实际并非如此。

take it for granted that…

educational background and work experience

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By quoting from a well-known art critic, he tried to add a bit of self-confidence to his talents.

4. 他引用一位著名艺术评论家的话，为自己的绘画才能增加一点自信心。

add a bit of self-confidence to

by quoting from a well-known art critic

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Every student has his or her characteristic qualities, such as friendliness or reserve, plainness or charm. A teacher should not be prejudiced against any of them.

5. 每个学生都有自己的不同特点 --- 友善或拘谨，长相平平或漂亮妩媚。老师不应该歧视中间任何人。

plainness or charm

friendliness or reserve

be prejudiced against

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我一停止称自己为戴比，我就对自己感到比较舒服了 ······ 而且其他人也开始更认真地对待我了。

1. As soon as I stopped calling myself Debbie, I felt more comfortable with myself…and other people started to take me more seriously.

X. Translate the following into Chinese.

《读写教程 2 》 : Ex. X, p. 157Ex. X, p. 157《读写教程 2 》 : Ex. X, p. 157Ex. X, p. 157

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不管是好是歹，诸如友好或拘谨，相貌平常或富有魅力等特征已经由你的名字暗示出来，并传达给别人，甚至是在他们见到你之前。

2. For better or worse, qualities such as friendliness or reserve, plainness or charm may be suggested by your name and conveyed to other people before they even meet you.


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名字已成为特定形象的组成部分 , 任何一个被称为“相貌平常的珍妮”或“普普通通的乔”的人都能证明这一点。

3. Names become attached to specific images, as

anyone who’s been called “a plain Jane” or

“just an average Joe” can show.


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虽然我们中大多数人会认为自己没有这样的偏见，但在某种程度上，我们都有对名字产生固定看法的毛病。

4. Though most of us would like to think

ourselves free from such prejudiced notions,

we’re all guilty of name stereotyping to some

extent.


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一个与之配套的研究表明：女孩受同龄人欢迎的程度也与她们的名字受欢迎的程度有关系。虽然对男孩来说这种关系不太明显。

5. A companion study showed girls’ popularity with their peers was also related to the popularity of their names——although the connection was less clear for boys.


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Documents

V. Exercises 2 EX: II, P. 153 2 EX: VI, P. 155 2 EX: VII, P. 156 2 EX: VIII, P. 156 2 EX: IX, P. 157 2 EX: X, P. 157 2 EX: III, P. 153 2 EX: IV, P. 154