V SEM EEE Types of Lamps 3 - 3

8/3/2019 V SEM EEE Types of Lamps 3 - 3

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TRAINING DEPARTMENT

College /Polyte

chnic

SyllabusYea

r

Branch Sem (x) IPT Session ID(xx)

Training Ref Number (xxx)

C 09 E 5 0 3 0 0 3

Compact Fluorescent Lamps

Upon completion of this module on Compact Fluorescent Lamps, you will know:

• Basic CFL designs• The seven types of CFL• The features of CFL's• Typical performance characteristics of CFL's• Typical applications of CFL's

Compact Fluorescent Lamps

Overview Compact fluorescent lamps resulted from research into energy saving

lighting. The goal was to develop smaller, more efficient light sources with greater lumenoutput per watt

Lamps Low wattage lamps were the first introductions, and are available with either twoor four pin caps. Argon is the tube filling gas. See Figure

The two pin versions have an internal starter built into the cap and are not dimmable.The four pin versions require external starting and are suitable for dimming and

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emergency lighting. Both versions require a separate ballast as for a conventionalfluorescent lamp lamps have a rated average life of 10,000 hours based upon 3 hoursper start. All compact fluorescent lamps feature Polylux phosphors so have excellent

colour rendering (Ra 82). The colours range from 2700K to 4000K.

Primary applications for to replace less efficient incandescent lamps in:

• downlights• entrance and security lighting• task lighting• wall washing.

Primary applications for lamps are to replace linear fluorescent tube and low wattageHID lamps in:

• uplights• recessed louvered ceiling luminaires• accent lighting.

Four primary advantages of lamps:

1. Energy saving: much higher efficacy than incandescent lamps.2. Long life.3. Choice of colour temperature.4. Design flexibility: more light with less unwanted heat.

What is a Light Emitting Diode?

A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a ‘solid state’ electronic component with the

characteristics of a diode i.e. it only allows electrical current to flow in one direction

through it. When the current flows through an LED in the correct direction, the LED

produces light of a specific colour. LED’s only produce light of certain specific colour.

Due to a variation on the method used to manufacture LEDs that emit white light

different colour temperatures are available - e.g. 6500 K, 5400 K, 4700 K, 3300 K and

2700 K.

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Discrete LEDs & LED Modules

Individual LEDs are called discrete LEDs.

To be of practical use, discrete LEDs are assembled (mounted) onto printed circuit

boards (PCBs), usually with additional electronic components to control the current

flowing through the LED.

Through Hole or Radial LEDs

There are different types of discrete LEDs. Some have legs that pass through holes on a

circuit board and are fixed in place by soldering underneath the circuit board. These are

called 'through hole' or 'radial' type LEDs.

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Surface Mount LEDs

The more modern type of LED sits on the top of the circuit board and is soldered

automatically so that the solder joint is on the top of the circuit board. These are called

'surface mount' LEDs. Surface mount LEDs range in size from tiny LEDs that measure

only 0.5 x 1.5 x 0.3mm (used in space efficient equipment like mobile phones) to 'power'

LEDs measuring 20 x 20 x 2.5mm or larger.

How do LEDs work?

At the heart of every LED there is a very small piece of semi-conducting material

called the LED ‘die’. The die can be considered in the same way as the filament in a

lamp, because it is the die that produces the light. The size of a high power LED die is

approximately a 1mm cube and for other LED types much smaller.

The base of the die is glued or soldered into a fine metal framework (the leadframe). A

very fine wire called a bond wire is attached to the top of the LED die, which has a very

fine conductive metal pattern on it. The wire is attached to the other side of the

leadframe.

When electricity of the correct voltage and polarity is applied to the LED via the

leadframe contacts, current flows through the die.

The different properties of the layers in the die cause between 50 and 90% of this

electrical energy to be converted into light at the junction by a process called ‘injection

electroluminescence’. This process is significantly more efficient than virtually any other

light source!

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Injection electroluminescence does not require heat like a filament lamp

(incandescence) or chemicals that glow like those used for a fluorescent tube

(fluorescence). It is a phenomenon that is caused entirely by atomic differences in the

material caused by doping

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POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

General Rules:

Use Electrical Training Lab for Simple Projects using Available Electronics Components

If any damage occurs inside the Training Lab during your session should be penalized.

Grading Policies:[Insert explanation of class grading policy. Describe how work will be graded and how finalgrades will be determined. Include a discussion of the relative importance of daily work,homework, long-term assignments, exams, quizzes, and class discussions. Also describe extracredit policies and procedures, attendance and tardiness sanctions, and so on.]

Grading Scale:[If applicable, insert grading scale, linking number and letter grades.]

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

[Insert additional information, specific to your school, class, students, or topic.]

CONTACT INFORMATION

• [Insert name and title/grade level]

• [Insert phone number and hours of availability]

• [Insert email address]

• [Insert class URL]

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V SEM EEE Types of Lamps 3 - 3