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Q.2
Early attempts at simulating human intelligence revealed that artificial cognitive systems that are
not already equipped with a fair amount of innate knowledge about a particular problem domain
are unable to solve even the easiest problems. In the 1970s and 1980s, the work of scientists like
Noam Chomsky, Jerry Fodor, or David Marr further undermined the idea of the mind as a blank
slate which acquires knowledge about the world by means of only a couple of general learning
mechanisms. Their findings suggested instead that the mind incorporates a number of cognitivesubsystems that are triggered only by a certain kind of
input.___________________________________
a While Marr was working on the neuroscience of vision; Chomsky famously criticized the
behaviorist idea that language acquisition is just an ordinary kind of learning that follows the
stimulus-response model.
b According to Chomsky, a child cannot learn her first language through observation because
the available stimuli neither enable her to produce grammatically correct nor prevent her fromproducing grammatically incorrect sentences.
c Instead, Chomsky argued, we possess a language acquisition device which, rather than
extracting all information from the world through some general mechanism, comes equipped with
a certain amount of innate knowledge.
d Just as our body contains a number of innate, genetically predisposed organs that serve a
specific function, our mind also contains a number of information processing systems.
e The so called mental organs or modules in Fodors terminology are designed to perform a
particular cognitive function.
Ans:
Correct
Option is:"a"
Solution: The passage ends with a finding that the mind incorporates cognitive
subsystems which require a trigger; option (a) logically follows as it a direct
comment on this suggestion making it the correct answer. Option (b) is
incorrect as it furthers option (b). Option (c) is incorrect as it presents an
alternative to option (b). Option (d) is incorrect as elaborates on the point of
innate knowledge present in (c). Option (e) is incorrect as it talks about
Fodors terminology which is the fallout of (d).
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Q.3If we think of a progression from Homer to Hesiod in terms of a passage from concern with human
action, its sanctions and consequences, to concern with the role of the gods, not only relative to
man but also with respect to the constitution of our world, the emergence of the Ionian natural
philosophers can be seen as a new concern with the world itself and with man as a part of that
world rather than as moral agent. To be sure, Ionian natural philosophy retains its links with the
myths which form the background of the epics as well, but the beginnings of philosophy appear as
a deliberate movement away from an anthropomorphic interpretation of the universe and a
consequent decrease in interest in man as moral agent.__________________
Add to my
a Xenophanes and Heraclitus exhibit a deep concern with conduct.
b The Pythagoreans express concern with a scientific explanation of the world.
c This is present as well in Empedocles and in Democritus.
d We cannot say, therefore, that concern with man begins with the Sophists.
e There is no complete break, of course.
CorrectOption is:
"e"
Solution: Option (e) is the most appropriate as the last lines of the paragraph mentions
a deliberate movement away and (e) follows immediately with the statement
that there was no absolute break. Option (a) is incorrect as it is not connected
with the last bit. Option (b) is quite generic, hence is incorrect. Option (c)
presents an aspect to the theory and is disjointed. Option (d) is also a stand
alone statement making it incorrect.
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Drug addiction is a serious worldwide problem with strong genetic and environmental influences.
So far different technologies have revealed a variety of genes and biological processes underlying
addiction. However, individual technology can be biased and render only an incomplete picture.
Studying individual or a small number of genes is like looking at pieces of a jigsaw puzzle - only
when you gather most of the pieces from different places and arrange them together in an orderlyfashion do interesting patterns emerge.________________________
Add to my
a They made this gene atlas freely available in the first online molecular database for
addiction, with extensive annotations and friendly web interface.
b Assembling the pieces of evidence together, the authors identified 18 molecular pathwaysthat are statistically enriched in the addiction-related genes.
c They then identified five pathways that are common to addiction to four different
substances.
d A team, led by Liping Wei, collected items of evidence linking genes and chromosomeregions to addiction based on single-gene strategies, or genetic studies.
e These common pathways may underlie shared rewarding and response mechanisms and
may be targets for effective treatments for a wide range of addictive disorders.
CorrectOption is:
"d"
Solution: Option (d) is most apt as it is the only option which logically follows the theory
on genes. Option (a) is incorrect as it describes what the team did. Option (b)
is incorrect as it also furthers the work of the team. Option (c) is incorrect as itcontinues with the description of the research. Option (e) is incorrect as itforms the conclusion and comes much later
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Q.6A. It may be used for dark purposes or malevolent acts that deliberately cause harm in some way.
B. Black magic or dark magic is a form of sorcery that draws on assumed malevolent powers.
C. In fiction it refers to evil magic, in modern times, people who practice magic use the term to
describe power utilised for means of gaining power and wealth or taking revenge.
D. It is alternatively spelt with a 'k', this term is also known as the dark arts of magic and dark side
magic.
Add to my
a BACD
b CDBA
c ACDB
d ABCD
e CBAD
Correct
Option is: "a"
Solution: B is the obvious opener introducing the subject, A forms a mandatory pair withB, as A tells about purples black magic. The word malevolent creates a
connection between the two sentences. C elaborates the topic by telling usrelevance of black magic in fiction and in modern times. Further, D adds some
more information to it.
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Q.8
A. Consumers are also at a lossbecause malls offer a 40 % discount
which results in an inflated MRP.
B. The thinking of big malls is to
keep inferior products which can
sell by hook or crook, thereby
giving good return for the space itoccupies.
C. The mall culture is not helpful tocustomers, at the same time it is
killing small manufacturer andretailers.
D. So, good things do not find a
place on the mall shelf.
Add to my
a DCBA
b BCDA
c ACBD
d CBDA
e BACD
Correct Option is: "d"
Solution: The correct sequence is CBDA. C is the obvious opener forthe given subject 'The mall culture'. B expands the topic
further by telling us about the shrewd strategy followed by
the big malls. D is closely linked to B as it adds further to
what is being discussed in B, A forms the conclusion.
B,d both talk of space so are linked to each other.
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Q.11
A. Instead, PortegiesZwart wants to search for our star's truesiblings-those that actually formed alongside our own star and
still have the stellar bloodlines to prove it.B. But seeking out solar twins in this way is akin to looking for
people on the street wearing a coat like yours and calling
them family, says Simon PortegiesZwart.
C. For decades astronomers have been on the hunt for so-called "solar twins"-stars with the same ages, masses,
temperatures, as our own sun.D. Until now, mainstream astronomers have dismissed the
idea of actually finding any of our wayward kin, some 4.3billion years after our stellar birth cluster is believed to have
dissipated.
Add to my
a CBAD
b ABDC
c DCBA
d BACD
e DBAC
Correct Option is: "a"
Solution: CBAD: C is the opener, CB form the
mandatory pair, A uses contrastand D concludes the discussion.
A has sibling,,d has kinrelated words.
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A. There are some
who call it an art.B. But for all of us,
it is a skill thatneeds to be
inculcated.
C. It is supposed to
be what people fearthe most.
D. Speaking inpublic according to
most is anightmare.
Add to my
a DABC
b CBAD
c CDAB
d ABDC
e BADC
Correct Option is:
"c"
Solution: Let us observe the flow of para if we say that the answer is option (c)-
CDAB. C opens with an indirect reference to something which people fearthe most- 'It is supposed to be what people fear the most.' D introduces
'it' mentioned in C- 'Speaking in public according to most is a nightmare.'A adds on to CD by stating that there is another category of people-
There are some who call it an art. B concludes CDA by summing up thewhole argument that Speaking in public is a skill - 'But for all of us, it is a
skill that needs to be inculcated.' Let us observe the flow of para if we
say that the answer is option (a)- DABC. D introduces the subject
directly- Speaking in public according to most is a nightmare. A adds to
D abruptly as it but fails to make a logical flow- There are some who call
it an art. B states another added fact, - But for all of us, it is a skill that
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needs to be inculcated. C fails to conclude the whole argument- It is
supposed to be what people fear the most. And hence Option (a) doesn't
prove to be a logical sequence. The logical sequence begins with C -a
cause and effect relationship- with D defining the subject, A adds to it
and B forms the conclusion.
Nightmare,,fear linked
Some of us,,all of us linked
Nouns come before pronouns,,so D should come first but its only in option a
where 2 mandatory pairs are broken.Soits not the answer.Next possible BEST
way is to put D second place,,so option c.
A. Parties have done little to bring the original inhabitants of this forested district in Vidharbha out
of it.B. "Ministers only speak of issues like building a road or doing small favours; the larger issues
have never been addressed,"saysZumnake, member of the ZillaParishad.
C. Chandrapur's MP is Ahir, of the BJP, who has again been nominated from here.
D. Chandrapur's sizeable Adivasi population has been in the political wilderness for a long time.
a ABDC
b DABC
c BCDA
d CDBA
e ACDB
Correct Option is:
"b"
Solution: The correct sequence is DABC.D is the opener, A is the possible reason, B
is a problem and C is a fact.
D has to come b4 A as it tells this used in A.
A to B as general to specific (examples are specific things).
C in the end.
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A. Aristotle's life in Athens divides into two periods, first as a member of Plato's Academy and later
as director of his own school, the Lyceum.
B. Judged on the basis of their content, Aristotle's most important psychological writings probablybelong to his second residence in Athens, and so to his most mature period.
C. His principal work, De Anima, reflects in different ways his pervasive interest in biologicaltaxonomy and his most sophisticated physical and metaphysical theory.
D. The intervening years were spent mainly in Assos and Lesbos, and briefly back in Macedon,hisyears away from Athens were taken up with biological research and writing.
a ADBC
b BDCA
c DCBA
d CDBA
e CABD
The correct sequence is ADBC. A is the opener, as it introduces the subject - Aristotles life and his
work. AD form a pair as it is linked by the time period, B elaborates it further and C is the result of
B.
C- His
A- Tells 2 residences,, D tells period in between,, B- starts talking about
works,, C- carries the talk of works forward.
B- D will come in end as its unrelated to rest of passage.
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Ans.
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Ans.
Ans.
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Ans.
I thought imp points to be noted are past Tyrannies in a and people like us in
d. But such things are allowed,,things actually to be seen are para does not talk
of class of woman and so sweepers to surgeons and people like us are
wrong.
Ans.
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Also, as para starts with few scenes and then only scenes are mentioned.So we
are also likely to continue with more scenes and hence option D.
Ans.
Ans.
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Ans.
C and A both are saying that despite of troubles,,continuity remained,, so A, C
will come together. In D the division into states can only be talked about after
telling wht the changes came i.e. as a result of trbulences said in A and C.
Ans.
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From these lines Ill think that Germany is not responsible from 1stpara
and Germany should not do any internal changes according to author
from 2ndpara. But answer is
This line means Germany thinks it is not responsible for deficit
countries(borrowers) in any way.
So Europe is preserving its restricted markets and not opening them
(zyadadimaak mat use karo,,jolikhahaiwahimano)
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From These lines we infer that cosmology was an inactive field. But the
lines say there was nothing to be learnt from the meeting (and not from
cosmology as a whole). So in option C 1st part is wrong and 2nd is right.
So option C together is wrong.
Passage talks about all field of physics and why did author take someand reject some. The passage does not focus only on Cosmology or
General Relativity.
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This means that Cambridge was wrong as scattering patterns did not
work( as clear from S matrix was forgotten) and it were these field
theories that Camnbridge had criticised which actually worked.
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Answer:
D is mentioned
in 1stpara just as a fact and not as a reason of why novel was bad.
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! Is wrong as he
is outcast as earlier his character was a backdrop but now he Is beingfocussed on a lot from being a motherless cub to adult member of
team. So all these scenes should come and not only mother less cub
wala part.
Read the passage given below and answer the question that follows.A news channel reporter raised a relevant question when a famous Astrologer referred to instanceswhen his prophecies came true. The reporter asked, But what about those prophecies that turnedout to be incorrect? We have a tendency to see what we wish to see and neglect everything thatgoes contrary to what we wish to see.Which one of the following is the best example of the error of reasoning described by the author in
the paragraph?(a) December is the unluckiest month of a year. Just this past December, I not only lost my job butalso a dear friend of mine.(b) I can no longer consider my lucky TV lucky. On the last ten occasions when I watched an India-Pakistan match on my TV, India lost the match.(c) I have appeared for the job interview and cleared the same, but I am not sure what is my luckycharm.(d) Every year around 10% students of IIM Ahmedabad opt out of placements to start their ownventures. So, we can assume that this year IIM Ahmedabad will place around 90% of its students
44. a The author states that we tend to focus on only oneperspective and neglect the other completely. Option(a) contains the same error. It states that somethingbad has happened during the last December. Based
on this observation, he/she has categorized this monthas the unluckiest. But he/she does not consider ifsomething good has ever happened to him/her in the
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month of December. So, option (a) takes into accountonly one viewpoint and neglects the other perspectivecompletely. Option (b) is not the correct answer as ittakes into account both perspectives. First, the TVwas considered to be lucky. However, based on theresults of the last ten matches the individual is willingto reconsider his idea. So, the individual is notneglecting the other view. Option (c) is beyond the
scope of information given in the question statement.Also, option (d) is basing the hypothesis on somedata.
..So choose straight forward options
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BD is MPEA is MP.3 options have C as start option so ans is CBDEA
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A comma is not used b4 a restrictive clause.
Para Completion tip- If u dont understand the para and the options then leave
that question immediately.
Avoid Para Completion questions,,do them if rest of qs are difficult.
Para Jumble tip- same words in 2 options then chances are that those 2 options
go next to each other i.e. form a mandatory pair.
Options unrelated to rest of the options will come in end i.e. as last point of para
jumble.
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If u found urself spending a lil longer on a question trying lil hard as it seems
confusing,,immediately leave that question to be looked later.
RC Tips:
Be full attentivw while doing RC,, dont bite teeth then as it disturbs
u,,while reading RC try to imagine the scenes in ur mind.