VÄLKOMMNA tillEUHA17 - ’B-

uppsatskursen’Introduktio

n2012-05-

04

att förklara – att förstå

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFp8p0tYuQ8

att förklara – att förstå

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lNFRLrP014&feature=related

The research problem:

* ett epistemologiskt problem, ex: en kritisk ställning mot ett fenomen, en empirisk undersökning, applicering av en teori, m.m.

* formulerad på 2-6 rader = intressant och tydligt, genomförbart, akademiskt relevant, anger en handlingsplan, att förklara/förstå, etiskt försvarbar

Analyzing texts about EU politics & culture = “simple methodological tools..”

Supranational or intergovernmental..?

Centre or periphery

Leftist or Rightist..?

Focus on History or the Future

Centralization or decentralization..?

Integration or federalization..?

Political pessimism or optimism..?

1.

Further theoretical reflections on Historical Change

‘Real-Politics’ The Power of Identities & Images The power of

Ideologies

Individuals & collective actors

Political / Economic / Cultural Interests Political elites

& Civil societies

Actors & structures

HISTORICAL CHANGE..

The idea of the state

The institutional

base

The physical

base

Barry Buzan’s

’model of the State’

Can we use it in relation to studies of the EU…?

2.

EU’s and its member states (see: Bomberg et.al ch.4 = ”Six Determining Features”

Entry Date Integration preferences

Economic Ideology

State structureWealth

Size…

Vetenskapsteortiska begrepp* Ontologi och Epistemologi

*Paradigm* Positivism och Hermeneutik

*Operationalisering * Intersubjektivitet

• * Kontextualisering

Det är teorin som avgör vad vi kan observera

Man kan inte lära sig mycket av historien, men ändå en hel del mera än av samhällsvetenskapliga teorier

Reflections on historical change..Let’s start with two ”great political speeches”..

Ronald Reagan: = "tear down this wall“http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtYdjbpBk6A

Martin Luther King = “I have a dream”http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9oXtd_XRb3U&feature=related

”Reflections on the ISMS”

Liberalism Conservatism Marxism Cosmopolitanism feminism Constructivism ………

*Ideas*Ideologies*Political projects*Grand theories*??

CONSTRUCTIVISM REALISMKEY ACTORS Individuals, collective

identitiesInternational system,states

VIEW OF THEINDIVIDUAL

Major unit, especiallyelites

Power-seeking, selfish,antagonistic

VIEW OF THESTATE

State behavior shaped by elite beliefs; socialidentity

Power-seeking; unitary actor; following its nationalinterest

VIEW OF THEINTERNA-TIONALSYSTEM

Nothing explained by the international structures alone

Anarchy; stability in balance of power system

BELIEFS ABOUTCHANGE

Explanation of major changes

Low change potential; slow structural change

MARXISM LIBERALISMKEY ACTORS Social classes,

transnational elites,Multinational corporations

States, NGOs, IOs

VIEW OF THEINDIVIDUAL

Actions determined by economic class

Basically good:Capable of cooperating

VIEW OF THESTATE

Agent of the international capitalist system

Not an autonomousactor; having many interests

VIEW OF THEINTERNATIONALSYSTEM

Highly stratified; dominated by the capitalist system

Interdependenceamong actors; international society; anarchy

BELIEFS ABOUTCHANGE

Need for radical change

Probable; a desirable process

METODOLOGI

Innehållsanalys

Diskursanalys

Kvalitativa Intervjuer

Argumentationsanalys

Fallstudier och komparationer

Historiskt perspektiv, källor och källkritik

ArgumentationsanalysHänvisningsmönster (ex: till erfarenhet, lag, moraliska kategorier, …)

Logiska framställningarKänslornas betydelseFramställningens strukturRetorikens strukturVad som sägs/skrivs/visas men också HUR…

InnehållsanalysHuvudbudskapet = det manifesta innehållet = VAD? = Vilka idéer/begrepp

”Att räkna ord…”Relationsmönster = Vad i relation till Vad?

Att fånga meningsbärande enheter = begrepp meningar, fraser

Metodologiskt kategoriseringsarbete

Narrative Analysis = What is a narrative?

Not every text is a narrative: a “narrative” comprises sequence and consequence: events are selected, organised, connected, and evaluated as meaningful for an audience.

Narratives: a way to make sense of the world..

Elements of a narrativeTime-sequenceCharactersPlotDifferent definitions:an entire ‘life story’, as it emerges

from interviews, observation, and/or documents

brief, topically specific stories organised around characters, setting, and plot

Visual analysis (av narrativ)Complements the traditional narrative analysis (word-based: interview transcripts, ethnographic observations in field notes, letters, documents) with visual elements

Covers several visual genres: photography, painting, collage, video, incl. Video diaries

Different locations: museums, public spaces (street art, grafitti, monuments), private displays, art

Visual analysis 2Images have a higher capacity to communicate or awaken emotions – enables others to see and feel like the self

Images are not documentaries: they are subjective

Images do not testify for accuracy; they must be subject to interpretation and contextualization

Comparative analysisThroughout your academic career, you'll be

asked to write papers in which you compare and contrast two things: two texts, two theories, two historical figures (…) "Classic" compare-and-contrast papers, in which you weight A and B equally, may be about two similar things that have crucial differences (…) or two similar things that have crucial differences, yet turn out to have surprising commonalities (…)

REF: Kerry Walk, for the Writing Center at Harvard University,

http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~wricntr/documents/CompAnalysis.html

Comparative analysisOrganizational Scheme. Your introduction will include your frame of reference, grounds for comparison, and thesis. There are two basic ways to organize the body of your paper.

In text-by-text, you discuss all of A, then all of B. In point-by-point, you alternate points about A with comparable points about B.

REF: Kerry Walk, for the Writing Center at Harvard University,

http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~wricntr/documents/CompAnalysis.html

Discourse analytical concepts:

3. metaphors

”flying significants”

”nodal points”

Orders of discourses

Organizational words

Integration

Successive waves of both geographical expansion (enlargement) and closer collaboration in economical and political areas (deepening)

These two processes are two aspects of the same phenomenon: integration

There will be no peace in Europe

if the States rebuild themselves on the basis of national sovereignty, with its implications of prestige politics and economic protection (...). The countries of Europe are not strong enough individually to be able to guarantee prosperity and social development for their peoples. The States of Europe must therefore form a federation or a European entity… (Jean Monnet 1943)

We hope to see a Europe where men of every country will think as much of being a European as of belonging to their native land, and that without losing any of their love and loyalty of their birthplace.(Winston Churchill 1948)