VANCOUVER POLICE DEPARTMENT

REPORT TO THE VANCOUVER POLICE BOARD

REPORT DATE: February 7, 2019 BOARD MEETING DATE: February 15, 2019

BOARD REPORT # 1902P01 Regular

TO: Vancouver Police Board FROM: Drazen Manojlovic, Director, Planning, Research & Audit Section SUBJECT: Year-End 2018 Key Performance Indicators Report RECOMMENDATION:

That the Vancouver Police Board receive this report for information. BACKGROUND: The Key Performance Indicators (KPI) report is produced quarterly. This report reviews: violent crime; property crime; apprehensions under section 28 of the Mental Health Act (MHA); calls for service; average priority 1 response time; the Insurance Corporation of British Columbia’s (ICBC) reported traffic injuries; traffic fatalities; and police attended motor vehicle collisions with injuries. This report provides a macro-level perspective of organizational performance and overall public safety. Beginning in 2018, Statistics Canada has changed crime counting standards to include ‘unfounded’ incidents. KPI reports throughout 2018 will reflect this change and previous years’ results were retroactively calculated to include unfounded incidents. Also, crime statistics record the date the incident was reported to the police (‘reported date’) and the date the incident occurred (‘occurred date’). Previous KPI reports used the occurred date as this date was more reflective of active crime trends emerging in Vancouver. Statistics Canada uses the reported date to report crime statistics and 2018 KPI Reports will use that standard as well to maintain consistency. Previous years’ results have also been retroactively calculated to reflect the reported date. DISCUSSION: The following is a summary of the year-end 2018 KPI Report (note – with the exception of ICBC reported traffic injuries, all results compare 2018 to 2017 based on a full year):

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Violent Crime • The violent crime rate (per 1,000 population) decreased 0.2%.

There were 15 incidents of culpable homicide in 2018 and 19 in 2017 Sexual offences reported in 2018 increased 8.8% from those reported in 2017 (although

for offences that occurred in 2018, and compared to those that occurred in 2017, sexual offences decreased by 2.5% - please see page 3)

There were 39 bank robbery incidents in 2018 compared to 52 in 2017 There were 19 shots fired incidents in 2018 compared to 31 in 2017

Property Crime • The property crime rate (per 1,000 population) increased 1.5%.

B&E - Business incidents decreased by 9.0% B&E - Residential incidents decreased by 10.8% Theft from Auto <>$5K incidents increased by 16.2%

Section 28 MHA Apprehensions The annual average number of section 28 MHA apprehensions increased by 1.1%, from 2,851 incidents in 2017 to 2,883 incidents in 2018. Calls for Service From 2017 to 2018, calls for service have decreased by 0.9% (from 267,937 to 265,653). Priority 1 Response Time Vancouver’s 2018 priority 1 response time (10:07) was 3.7%, or 21 seconds, slower when compared to 2017 (9:46). Traffic Injuries & Deaths The most recent ICBC data available shows Vancouver experienced 3.0% fewer ICBC reported motor vehicle collisions with injuries from January to September 2018 (8,246) compared to the same period in 2017 (8,500). In 2018, the number of police attended motor vehicle collisions with injuries was 1,142; down 4.8% from 2017 (1,200). There were 13 fatal motor vehicle collisions in 2018 and 14 fatalities in 2017. REPORT SCHEDULE: The VPD will provide the Vancouver Police Board four quarterly KPI reports scheduled for meetings in April (Q1), July (Q2 YTD), October (Q3 YTD), and February 2020 (year-end 2019). Author: Correen Smitas Telephone: 604-717-2689 Date: February 7, 2019 Submitting Executive Member (signature):

A/DCC Martin Bruce Date: February 7, 2019

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VIOLENT CRIME Table 1 shows an average violent crime rate per in 2017 was 7.91 per 1,000 population in 2017 compared to 7.89 in 2018. Overall, this is a decrease of 0.2% Table 1: Violent Crime Rate: 2017 Compared to 2018

2018 2017 % Change

Violent Crime Rate per 1,000 Population 7.89 7.91

-0.2%

The graphs below depict the 10-year trend for culpable homicide, sexual offences, bank robberies, and shots fired. Culpable homicides, sexual offences, and shots fired show an overall increasing trend, whereas bank robberies have a decreasing trend. Figure 1: 10-Year Trend for Selected Violent Crime Incidents

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10

15

8 6

9

16

12

19

15

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Num

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iden

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Culpable Homicides

511 552 525 512

580 555 520 548 588

640

498 510 525 473 571 499 481 529 521 508

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

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Sexual OffencesRep Date Occ Date Linear (Rep Date) Linear (Occ Date)

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As previously mentioned, 2018 KPI reports now count unfounded and founded incidents, and use the reported date of the offence (as opposed to the occurred date). These changes were made to ensure consistency with Statistics Canada crime reporting standards. From a statistical perspective, the largest impact resulting from these changes is seen in the reporting of sexual offences. Specifically, it is the change from occurred date to reported date that has the greatest impact. For example in 2018, 98.7% of all property crimes were reported in the same year as the incident occurred. For violent offences such as robbery, this percentage is at 99.7% and for assaults the percentage is at 99.4%. Sexual offences often have historical elements to them and this is often reflected in the difference between the reported date and the occurred date. A notable portion of sexual offences have occurred in the years prior to the reported year. For example, 21.4% of the sexual offences reported to the VPD in 2018 occurred in previous years. To provide perspective, sexual offences have actually decreased by 2.4% (comparing YTD 2018 to YTD 2017) under the previous method of using the occurred date to count sexual offences. When considering the 10-year trend, Figure 2 shows there was an estimated 7.89 violent crimes per 1,000 population in 2018. This is a decrease of 0.2% when compared with the 2017 violent crime rate and a 32.3% decline from the 2009 rate (or 11.65 violent crimes per 1,000 population).

111 96

83 81

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27 35

68

52 39

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Num

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tsBank Robberies

36

16 13

19

13 18

11

26 31

19

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

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Shots Fired Incidents

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Figure 2: 10-Year Trend for Violent Crime Rate

11.65 11.16 11.0310.22

9.618.68 8.29 7.84 7.91 7.89

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Viol

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rime

Rate

per

1,0

00

Popu

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PROPERTY CRIME Table 2 shows police-reported property crime rate increased 1.5% to 62.01 incidents per 1,000 population compared 61.10 incidents per 1,000 population in 2017. Table 2: Property Crime Rate: 2017 Compared to 2018

2018 2017 % Change

Property Crime Rate per 1,000 Population 62.01 61.10

1.5%

The following figures reflect YTD data for break & enters (B&E) into businesses and residences, and thefts from automobiles (over and under $5,000) over the past 10 years. The ten-year trend for business B&Es shows to be increasing; however, this property crime type has decreased two years in a row. The trend line also shows residential B&Es are decreasing, while the trend for theft from autos is increasing. Theft from autos make up 35% of all 2018 property crime incidents. Figure 3: 10-Year Trend for Selected Property Crime Incidents

1,890 1,669 1,735 1,803 1,845

2,269 2,481

2,689

2,209 2,010

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

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f Inc

iden

ts

Break & Enter - Business

2,795 2,589 2,589 2,612

2,319 2,252 2,275 2,140 1,758

1,569

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Num

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f Inc

iden

ts

Break & Enter - Residence

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In 2018, the property crime rate was 62.01 offences per 1,000 population, a 1.5% increase when compared with the 2017 property crime rate. The 2018 property crime rate is 7.4% higher than the 2009 police-reported property crime rate of 57.75 property crime offences per 1,000 population (see Figure 4). Figure 4: 10-Year Trend for Property Crime Rate

9,721 8,385

7,266 7,798 8,051 9,709 10,259

12,372 12,560 14,598

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Num

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f Inc

iden

ts

Theft from Auto (<>$5K)

57.7553.10 50.24 51.11 51.31

55.91 57.4662.27 61.10 62.01

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Prop

erty

Crim

e Ra

te p

er 1

,000

Po

pula

tion

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S. 28 MENTAL HEALTH ACT APPREHENSIONS Under section 28 of the Mental Health Act (MHA), a police officer may apprehend and immediately take a person to a physician for examination if satisfied that the person is acting in a manner likely to endanger themselves or others, and is apparently a person with mental health issues. The below tables shows the number of section 28 MHA apprehensions increased by 1.1%, from 2,851 incidents in 2017 to 2,883 incidents in 2018. Table 3: Section28 MHA Apprehensions: 2017 Compared to 2018

2018 2017 % Change

s. 28 MHA Incidents 2,883 2,851

1.1%

From 2010 (2,278) to 2015 (3,050), VPD apprehensions under section 28 of the MHA increased each year. However, such apprehensions experienced two consecutive annual decreases in 2016 (2,822) and 2017 (2,851) yet increased by 1.1% in 2018 (2,883). Comparing 2018 to 2010, the earliest year section 28 data is available, officer apprehension calls are up 26.6%. Figure 5: 9-Year Trend for Section 28 MHA Apprehensions

2,278 2,489

2,636 2,873 3,010 3,050

2,822 2,851 2,883

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Num

ber o

f Inc

iden

ts

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CALLS FOR SERVICE Calls for service (CFS) are an important strategic metric as they are a more accurate reflection of the total workload of officers than crime counts. Comparing 2017 (267,937) to 2018 (265,653), there has been a 0.9% decrease in the total number of CFS. Table 4: Calls for Service: 2017 Compared to 2018

2018 2017 % Change

Calls for Service 265,653 267,937

-0.9%

Figure 6 shows calls for service between 2009 (229,611) and 2018 (265,653). This is the first annual decrease in CFS the city of Vancouver has experienced in the past five years. However, the total number of CFS in 2018 represents the second highest call load over the past 10 years. Figure 6: 10-Year Trend for Calls for Service

229,611 221,385 211,339 208,331 215,663 235,959 244,869

257,622 267,937 265,653

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Tota

l Cal

ls fo

r Ser

vice

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PRIORITY 1 RESPONSE TIMES Table 5 compares YTD priority 1 (P1) response time data from 2017 to 2018. The average 2018 priority 1 response time (10:07) was 3.7%, or 21 seconds, slower when compared to the 2017 priority 1 response time (9:46). Table 5: Priority 1 Response Times: 2017 Compared to 2018

2018 2017 % Change

Minutes:seconds 10:07 9:46

3.7%

Figure 7 shows response times between 2009 and 2018. The average annual response time has increased since 2011. 2018 has experienced the highest P1 response time when reviewing the latest 10 years of data. Figure 7: 10-Year Trend for P1 Response Times

08:42 08:44 08:17 08:38 08:59 09:10 09:29 09:45 09:46 10:07

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Resp

onse

Tim

es (m

m:s

s)

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TRAFFIC RELATED INJURIES & DEATHS The most recent data from ICBC shows Vancouver experienced 3.0% fewer ICBC reported motor vehicle collisions with injuries from January to September 2018 (8,246) compared to the same period in 2017 (8,500). Table 6: Q3 ICBC Reported Injuries & Fatalities: 2017 Compared to 2018

Jan-Sept 2018 Jan-Sept 2017 % Change

Incidents 8,246 8,500

3.0%

ICBC updated their claims database going back to 2014. As such, 2014 is now considered the base-line year when analysing year-to-year data. ICBC recommends a three month deferral period when reporting to maximize data reliability. The upward trend for ICBC reported motor vehicle collisions with injuries continued from Q3 2014 to Q3 2017. Although Q3 2018 experienced its first decrease in five years, it is still 16.7% higher than the 2014 ICBC reported incidents. Figure 8: 5-Year Trend for Q3 ICBC Reported Injuries

7,069 7,525 8,276 8,500 8,246

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

ICBC

inci

dent

s

January to September

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Figure 9 depicts the number of year-end ICBC reported motor vehicle collisions with injuries from 2014 to 2017. There have been three consecutive annual increases in injuries from 2014 (9,816) to 2017 (11,775), a 20.0% increase. This figure also compares ICBC reported data to police attended motor vehicle collisions with injuries. The number of police attended injuries was 1,142 in 2018; down 4.8% from 2017 (1,200). Comparing 2018 to 2009 (894) shows police attended injuries are up 27.7%. Figure 9: 10-Year Trend for Police Attended Motor Vehicle Collisions with Injuries Compared to 4-Year Trend for ICBC Reported Injuries

Figure 10 shows there were 14 fatalities involving a motor vehicle in 2017 and 13 in 2018 resulting in a two year decline. Figure 10: 10-Year Trend for Traffic Fatalities

894 909 885 1,129 1,160 1,099 1,046

1,400 1,200 1,142

9,816 10,402

11,502 11,775

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2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 -

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VPD Attended MVIs ICBC Reported Linear (VPD Attended MVIs)

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2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

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