Variant Readings of the Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls against the Massoretic Text and the Septuagint Psalter

by PETER W. FLINT, Trinity Western University, Canada

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This paper provides a complete listing of variant readings found in the Dead Sea Psalms scrolls 1 together with observations on the relationship between these manuscripts and the Septuagint Psalter (<23). It divides into four main sec­tions: a brief description of Alfred Rahlfs' edition and his criteria for establish­ing preferred readings; comments on selected variants that are shared by specif­ic Judaean manuscripts and the Septuagint over against other Psalms scrolls or the Massoretic Text (JR); the collation of variant readings; and a bibliography.

With respect to the relationship between the Psalms scrolls and the Greek Psalter, three factors will become evident in the discussion that follows. First, several Psalms scrolls and the Septuagint Psalter share distinctive readings in contrast to JR, which strongly suggests that the translator used a Vorlage that sometimes differed from the text that is now preserved in ;JR. Second, the Ju­daean scrolls support some Greek readings that were not adopted by Rahlfs as constituting the Old Greek of the Psalter but relegated to his Apparatus. Sev­eral of these readings occur in the Western, Mixed and Lucianic groups, which indicates that the criteria used for determining the Old Greek in Psalmi cum Odis may have to be reassessed or further refined. Finally, if textual affiliations are taken into account, it may be possible to identify specific Psalms scrolls that join certain Greek manuscripts in preserving a proto-Massoretic form, while other Psalms scrolls and Greek manuscripts represent different editions of the Psalter. This last suggestion, however, is very preliminary, since more definite results would require a thorough evaluation of variants in the Greek Psalter and their relationship to specific manuscripts in the Dead Sea corpus.

1. R~hlfs' Edition of the Septuagint Psalter

Since its first appearance in the year 1931, Alfred Rahlfs' Psalmi cum Odis has remained virtually unchanged. The second edition (1967) contained only a few corrections, mostly of a typographical nature, 2 and the third "unveranderte

1 I. e. manuscripts discovered at Qumran and other sites in the Judaean desert. 2 For examples, cf. P.L.Hedley's review ("Gi:ittingen Investigation," 57-72) of the first

edition.

338 PETER w. FLINT

Auflage" appeared in 1979. In establishing his text of the Septuagint Psalter, Rahlfs divides his manuscript sources into six main groups:3

Lower Egyptian: for example, B S Bo 2008 Upper Egyptian: for example, U 2013 Sa 1221 2017 Western: for example, R LaR LaG Hexaplaric: for example, 2005 1098 Ga Lucianic: for example, Z T Tht Sy He ca. 100 MSS in Holmes and Parsons Mixed: for example, A 1219 55

Rahlfs' four principles or criteria for selection of the "OJd Greek" or original Septuagint text are clearly presented in the Prolegomena to his edition:4

(a) When a reading is attested by the Lower Egyptian, Upper Egyptian and Western texts (i.e. the three most ancient groups), it is accepted as the Old Greek.

(b) When conflicting readings are attested among the three ancient text-groups, the reading that is equivalent to ;JR is selected.

(c) When the three older groups disagree with ;JR, while the younger (Hexaplaric and Lucianic) groups support it, Rahlfs adopts the reading of the older groups as the Old Greek and regards the Hexaplaric and Lucianic readings as corrections towards the proto-Massoretic Text.

(d) In doubtful cases, Rahlfs accepts the reading of B' (i.e. B and S) as constituting the Old Greek, but not B alone.

It is clear from these criteria that in establishing his OG readings of the Psalter, Rahlfs offers an eclectic text that disregards Lucianic manuscripts almost com­pletely. Moreover, Psalmi cum Odis requires a thorough revision and updating, since it falls far short of the requirements for a proper critical edition. 5 Many Greek manuscripts were not included in his collations, some of which were available to Rahlfs, and others that have subsequently been discovered. Less than 100 manuscripts were collated for the critical edition, but Albert Pietersma recently estimated that ca. 1,200 Greek manuscripts of the Psalms are now available to scholars.6 Two desiderata for a new critical edition are to: (a) thor­oughly evaluate the Greek evidence not employed by Rahlfs, and (b) assess the relevance of the Dead Sea Scrolls for identifying the Old Greek of the Psalter. 7

3 Psalmi cum Odis, 6, 21-70. 4 Psalmi cum Odis, 71-72. 5 Cf.Jellicoe, The Septuagint and Modern Study, 297-98. 6 "Ra 2110 (P. Bodmer XXIV)," 263. 7 Cf. Flint, "Psalms from the Judaean Desert and the Septuagint Psalter," 205-207; "Psal­

ters at Qumran," 201-202; Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls, 230-31.

Variant Readings of the Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls 339

2. The Psalms Scrolls from theJudaean Desert

The Dead Sea Scrolls comprise almost 900 manuscripts written in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek, 8 of which over 200 are classified as "biblical scrolls,"9 and constitute our earliest witnesses to the text of Scripture. Of all the works that have been identified in these writings, the Psalter is represented by the highest number of manuscripts: thirty-six from Qumran and three from other locations (see Table 1). These scrolls reveal several interesting features that are relevant for our understanding of the Psalms; for example, at least fifteen "apocryphal" Psalms or compositions are distributed among five Psalms manuscripts. 1 0 Seven of these were previously familiar to scholars, 11 while the other nine were un­known prior to the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls. 12 Another observation is that twelve manuscripts contain major variations in comparison with the ;Jl(-

150 and Septuagint Psalters. Differences in the order of Psalms alone appear in seven scrolls from Cave 4, 13 while variations in content (i.e. the inclusion of compositions not found in ;)1( or <23) occur in two from Cave 4 and another from Cave 11. 14 Differences in both order and content are present in two manu­scripts from Cave 11. 15

Table 1: The Psalms scrolls

(1) 1Q10 (or 1QPs") (2) 1Q11 (or 1QPsb) (3) 1Q12 (or 1QPsc) (4) 2Q14 (or 2QPs) (5) 3Q2 (or 3QPs)

(6) 4Q83 (or 4QPsa) (7) 4Q84 (or 4QPsb) (8) 4Q85 (or 4QPsc) (9) 4Q86 (or 4QPsd)

(10) 4Q87 (or 4QPse)

(11)4Q88 (or4QPsf) (12) 4Q89 (or 4QPsg) (13)4Q90 (or4QPsh) (14)4Q91 (or4QPsj) (15)4Q92 (or4QPsk)

8 Hartmut Stegemann previously indicated that "about 814 scrolls ... came to the mu­seums" from Qumran ("Methods for the Reconstruction of Scrolls from Scattered Frag­ments," in Lawrence H. Schiffman [ ed.], Archaeology and History in the Dead Sea Scrolls. The New York University Conference in Memory o/Yigael Yadin USPSup 8; JSOT I ASOR Mono­graphs 2; Sheffield:JSOT Press, 1990] 189-220, esp. 190, 208-209 n. 12). However, Stege­mann has since pointed out that some manuscripts were listed together under a single Q num­ber in certain editions, and now estimates the total number as closer to 900 (Die Essener, Qumran, Johannes der Tciufer und Jesus [4th ed., Freiburg: Herder, 1994] 115 ). Martin Abegg (personal communication) arrives at a figure of 864 manuscripts for the Qumran material, which confirms Stegemann's higher estimate.

9 Eugene Ulrich (Chief Editor of the Cave 4 Biblical Scrolls) suggests (personal communi­cation) a number of "just on 200," while James VanderKam (The Dead Sea Scrolls Today [Grand Rapids: Eerdmans; London: SPCK, 1994] 30-31) estimates the number at 202 bibli­cal scrolls, with 19 more found at other sites in the Judaean desert.

10 4QP/, 4Q522, llQPsa, 11QPsb, llQPsAo•. 11 Psalms 151A, 151B, 154, 155, the Cat' .a (most likely forming a single Psalm with

136), David's Last Words(= 2 Sam 23:1-7), and Sirach 51:13-30. 12 Apostrophe to Judah, Apostrophe to Zion, David's Compositions, Eschatological

Hymn, Hymn to the Creator, Plea for Deliverance, three Songs Against Demons. 13 4QPs•, 4QPsb, 4QPsd, 4QPs\ 4QPs\ 4QPs 0

, and 4QPsq. 14 4QPsf, 4Q522, and llQPsApa. 15 llQPsa and llQPsb.

1

l \ t !.

340

(16)4Q93 (or4QPs1)

(17)4Q94 (or4QPsm) (18) 4Q95 (or 4QPs0

)

(19) 4Q96 (or 4QPs 0)

(20) 4Q97 (or 4QPsP) (21) 4Q98 (or 4QPsq) (22) 4Q98a (or 4QPsr) (23) 4Q98b (or 4QPs')

PETER W. FLINT

(24) 4Q98c (or 4QPs') (25) 4Q98d (or 4QPsu) (26) 4Q98e (or 4QPsv) (27) 4Q236 (or 4QPs89) (28) 4Q522 (or Place Names) (29) 5Q5 (or 5QPs) (30) pap6Q5 (or pap6QPs) (31) 8Q2 (or 8QPs)

(32) 11Q5 (or llQPsa) (33) 11Q6 (or llQPsb) (34) 11Q7 (or llQPsc) (35) 11Q8 (or llQPsd) (36) 11Qll (or 11QPsApa) (37) 5/6J:IevPs (38) MasPsa (or M1039-160) (39) MasPsb (or M1103-1742)

What is the relevance of the Dead Sea Psalms scrolls for our understanding of the Septuagint Psalter? A proper study of the relationship between these two bodies of literature requires an assessment of all the similarities and differences between individual Hebrew and Greek manuscripts, which requires the identifi­cation of variant readings that are shared by specific Judaean scrolls and the Septuagint over against :JR. With a variant being defined as any disagreement between a Psalms scroll and (a) :JR, or (b) another Psalms scroll, hundreds of differences have emerged (see the collation in section 5 below). Many of these variants are of relevance to our understanding of the Septuagint Psalter, usually because they agree with specific Greek manuscripts against :JR. This area of re­search has not been explored in depth so far, 16 but the following proposals may facilitate comprehensive and systematic studies in the future. After providing representative listings by category of variant readings that are relevant to the Greek Psalter, I will comment on the significance of thes,~ variants for deter­mining the Vorlage for the Old Greek of the Psalter.

3. Representative Listing of Variants in Three Categories

Many of the Psalms scrolls share common readings with the Septuagint text or other Greek manuscripts. These may be conveniently classified under three main categories, with one or two examples illustrative of each. Following each listing, an evaluation is offered as to whether the specified Hebrew readings were present in the Vorlage of the Septuagint Psalter, or whether these agree­ments between the Judaean and Greek texts are due to other factors. Any such evaluation must be made with reference to translation technique, which for the Septuagint Psalter may be described as fairly literal and non-idiomatic - not slavishly literal or wooden. 17

16 In his Cornell edition of IIQPs" (1967), James Sanders drew attention to three variants that exhibit agreements with readings found in the Septuagint (Dead Sea Psalms Scroll, 159). Further observations have been offered by Johann Cook, "On the Relationship between llQPsa and the Septuagint," 107-30; and P. Flint, "Psalms from the Judaean Desert," 208-212; "Psalters at Qumran," 203-207; Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls, 232-36.

17 Cf. P. Kyle McCarter, Textual Criticism, 92. According to some scholars, theological exegesis on the part of the translator is evident in certain cases; note the title of S. Olofsson's book, God is My Rock. A Study of Translation Technique and Theological Exegesis in the Sep­tuagint.

Variant Readings of the Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls 341

3.1 Agreements against ;JR in minor details 18

LXX MT 34:16 35:16

118:71 119:71

36:36 37:36

70:2 71:2

108:31 109:31

118:160 119:160

142:5 143:5

103:22 104:22

37:21 38:21

124:4 125:4

118:108 119:108

106:41 107:41

103:5 104:5

139:3 140:3

(a) Verbal changes in number ,p,n 4QPs•; cf. ~ (lf{Jgvt;av)] p,n JR

(b) Verbal changes in mood 'J11'J:s7 11 QPsa :m·ms ~ (l:randvw(xir; Ill') ] '11'J~ ;nt

(c) Verbal differences in person ,,:J.:s7M 4QpPsa ~ (xai nagijA.t'Jov; > xa((~2013 )] ,:::1:17', ;JR

(d) Imperative instead of imperfect 'Jl;J'::til 4QPsa ® (~vaa{ JL£)] 'Jl;J'::t11 ;JR

(e) Differences in tense i~:s7 11 QPs• ~ ( nagearrJ) ] i~:s7' ;:m

(f) Nominal changes in number (singular or plural) il:l',:J.i 11QPsa Jrrms ~ ( rwv A.6ywv aov)] ,,:J.i ;JR

(g) Construct plural instead of absolute singular forms 'tv:s7~:J. 11 QPsa Jrrmss ~ (l:v n01rypaacv) a' ] :'ltv:s77.):J. ;JR

(h) Addition of syndeton ,!:lOM', 4QPsd 11 QPs•(p!:lOM',) ~ (xai avvryxfJwmv) ] T,!:lOM' JR

(i) Omission of syndeton '):)'l;Jtv):) 4QPsa ~ (oi &vrano8t86vr£r;)] -~~tv~, JR

(j) Addition or omission of suffixes . :J.l;J:J. 4QPse 11QPs• ~ (rtf xag8{c;)] om::1h :m

(k) Omission of particles illt, 11 QPsa Jrrmss ~S R" ( £1J86Xl]CJOV) ] Ml-illt, ;Jl((S)L". A" ( &V-8oX1]CJOV 8ry)

(I) Change of yreposition 'l:s7:J. 4QPs ~R""c 55 (tv nrwxfc; ), cf. v 10 ] 'li:s77.) ;)1l"C~ (l:x

[ana ~R] nrwxdar;)

(m)Addition of preposition cl;J:s7l;J 4QPs1 mmss ~ (dr; rovalwva)] ol;J,:s1 :m

(n) Addition or omission of the article 0,':'1 T;J,, 11 QPsa Jrrmss 63 ( OAlJV rT/V l]pegaF) ] 0,, l;J:> ;)R

Evaluation: Few if any of the Hebrew readings listed with <23 in these examples were present in the translator's Vorlage, since the Psalms were not translated in an extremely literal manner. In some cases, readings that are common to spe­cific scrolls and the Greek Psalter may be coincidental; in others the translator most likely used a Hebrew text like the one now preserved in ;}IT but did not se­lect literal equivalents for reasons of style or inner-Greek considerations. In the case of verbal forms, for example, it is often difficult to determine the tense of the Hebrew verb that lay before the translator. 19 Thus under example (d), in Ps

18 See Flint, "Psalms from the Judaean Desert," 208-209; Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls, 232-34. 19 Thus the example provided in (e) is not certain; cf. Barr, "Translators' Handling of

Verb Tense," 381-403; Voitila, "What the Translation of Tenses Tells," 183-96; Sailhammer, Translational Technique of the Greek Septuagint.

342 PETER w. FLINT

70:2 [71:2] the Greek form (!vaa{ J.le may be translating the imperative ~)t;,~:s:-r ( = 4QPsa), but could also be translating the imperfect ~)t;,~:s:n ( = JR). 20

3.2 Agreements against :JR in more significant aspects21

LXX MT (a) Substitutions of verbal or nominal root 21:17 22:17 ,,K::> 5/61;1evPs :ntmss@ (m1?v¢av)] ,,K::> ;m; ,,, ;:mmss, edd

48:13 49:13 7':::1' 4QPsc G3 (avvi/xsv; cf. v 21)] 7't,' :ill' 128:3 129:3 O'lltv, 11QPs• G3 (ol afLa1?1:CrJAo{)] l'l'tv,n :ill' a' d

(b) Addition of superscripts or Halleluyahs 32:1 33:1 ,,~l~ ,,tv ,.,,t, 4QPsq; cf. ® ( np L1avu5) s'; pr. l!faAfLOs

GJL" A' ] > :ill'; cj. cPs 32 :ntmss 103:1 104:1 1'1,1t, 11QPs• 4QPse(?) G3 (rqi L1avu5 pr. [LPau add.] 1/faAflOs

La [non He])]> 4QPsd :ill' (c) Addition of phrases or strophes

144:13fin 145:13fin 1'tvll~ t,1::>:1 1'bM1 1',:::11:::1 o•;nt,K 7~M) 11QPs• :JRm'(Ken #142) G3 (:rrum'Js llVI!to~ ev [ + :rraatv = t,1::>:1* @RL"

1219"] rof~ AOYO!~ avrov uai oaw~ ev :rram TO~ l(Jym~ avrov) ] > :ill' a' {/ d s' ;' 'E/31?'

(d) Verse-division 101:24-25 102:24-25 v 24b: •t,l( ,~!( '~' ,lrj:' 4QPsb@ (rryv OAtyOT17Ta rrov ryflE(JcVV

JLOV avayysuov flO!) ] 2 4b-25 -~~ ,I?K : -~- , lrj:' :ffi' (e) The Divine Name

118:68 119:68 ')11M :'171K :::110 11QPsa G3 (xv!?LE)] :'171K :::110 :ill'(> ')11K)

137:1 138:1 :'11:'1' :'1':>111( 1° 11QPs• :ffi'mss ® (eqofLoA,oyTjaofLa[ aot, XV(JtE)] ,,,!(:ill'(> :'11:'1')

(f) Translation on the basis of word-sound (onomatopoeia) 87:16 88:16 :'1,1~[M] 4QPs' G3 (e¢TJ:rro1?1]fh7v); cf. lsa 24:19 :JRG3] :'1)1~K :ffi'

(g) Agreement regarding the end of the Psalter Ps 151 11QPs•[ 151AB] @ ] Ps 150 ends Psalter :JR

Evaluation: Several of these examples provide strong evidence for a Vorlage that differs from JR. Although some readings may be due to Greek style or translation technique, most are sufficiently distinctive to confirm the existence of an underlying Hebrew text that reads differently from JR. For example, both 11 QPsa and the Septuagint Psalter end with the autobiographical Ps 151. Long before the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, H. B. Swete claimed there to be "no evidence that [Ps 151] ever existed in Hebrew."22 But 11 QPsa now pro­vides striking evidence that Hebrew copies of this Psalm were circulating in Pal­estine around the turn of the Common Era. Another example is found in Ps

20 Anssi Voitila writes: "In Ps 71:2 I would argue that the translator's Vorlage read the im­perfect. [In the Pentateuch J the translators not infrequently use Greek imperatives as a trans­lation equivalent for Hebrew imperfects, ... usually in 'commanding contexts,' which is the case in this verse."

21 See Flint, "Psalms from the Judaean Desert," 209-10, 216; Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls, 234-35.

22 Swete, Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek, 253.

Variant Readings of the Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls 343

144:13 [Heb 145:13], where the nun verse of this acrostic poem occurs in al­most identical forms in 11QPsa and~. but is missing in ;JR.

3.3 Agreements with other Greek manuscripts against ;)Rand ~23

LXX 68:18

103:3 106:36 106:41

113:25

118:49

118:137

129:5

134:21

135:4

135:15 150:1

MT 69:18

104:3 107:36 107:41

115:17

119:49

119:137

130:5

135:21

136:4

136:15 150:1

t;,l( 4QPsa ~mss@ (J.llj, i.e. (23-B(A etc.); > 18a B*) ] ?N, ;J1t<2JB (2° manu)

il,j?~ 4QPsd ~5\ areya(cov) ] il,j?~il ~R~ ( 6 arsya(cov) ,,~ 4QP/ ~R'L"A'(n6A-n;)] ,,~ ~~ (n6A-rv Cc~5-)

'l~:l 4QP/ <2JR""rr55(iv nrcoxig); cf. v 10 ] 'li~~ ~m® (ix nrcoxsia; [&no nrcoxda; ~R]) o•n~ N1t;, 4QPse ~LP""(ovxi vsxgo{)] o•n~il Nt;, JR(S3 (ovx oi vsxgo[; i.e. ®-Lm") il:l,,:l, 11QPs• ®L' He(rwv A-6ycov aov) {}' o' ] ,::1, ~a', 1,::1, ~ (rov A-6yov aov); = ,,::1, d 0',lU'1 llQPsa ~L'A'(xai sv&~)] ,lU'1 ~R~ (i.e. xai sv{hj; ~s· R" T 1219 SaGa) ,,:l,t;, 11QPsa ~rrms ~s 2017(vid.; non Sa)(si; TOV A-6yov avrov) l ,,:l,t;,1 ~(1',- ~ms) a'' ,,:l,t;,1 ~mss @ (&i; UJV AOYOV

aov; > copula) il:l:l,:l' llQPsa (cf. Ps 134:3) ~R(sv-loyr/m:r m:) ]11,::1 ~~ ( sv-loy1Jr6;) mNt;,!:ll llQPsa ~sa-2017 ( {}avwiara) ] mt;,,l mNt;,!:ll ~R~ ( {}avJ.Laara J.LeraA-a) ,~l11QPsa ~A(rq) ixnvaqavn)] ,~l1 ~@ (xai ixnvaqavn) t;,N 1??il 11QPs• ~mss ~LP"" ] pr. il' 1??il ;mCS3 ( 'AA-A-7]-lovia); + 'Ayya[ov xai Zaxag{ov ®LP""(cf. 145[ 146 ]:1; 146[ 147] :1, etc.)

Evaluation: These examples indicate that the Dead Sea scrolls sometimes con­tain readings that do not concur with ;JR or ~' but have equivalents in other Greek manuscripts that were not accepted by Rahlfs as containing the OG for these entries. This does not mean that, because certain readings not adopted by Rahlfs occur in certain Greek manuscripts and Qumran scrolls, they were nec­essarily present in the OG. But it does indicate that such readings are often very ancient, and should not be summarily dismissed as secondary or inferior. The Psalms scrolls remind us that many readings that were relegated by Rahlfs to his Apparatus should be seriously considered for determining the original Greek text of the Psalter. Our representative listing of variants suggests that the following categories may sometimes preserve the OG: the Western group (106:36; 134:21); the mixed group (68:18; 103:3; 106:36; 106:41; 118:137; 135:15); and the Lucianic group (106:36; 113:25; 118:49; 118:137; 150:1). The last of these is rather surprising, since Rahlfs tended to disregard Lucianic manuscripts for determining the OG. It may be noted, however, that even he

23 Flint, "Psalms from theJudaean Desert," 210-11, 217; Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls, 235-36.

344 PETER w. FLINT

sometimes felt constrained to base his critical text on Lucianic readings. Three examples are at Psalms 15:8 (ngow(!WJ1TJV; cf. 1!(!00(!WJ1TJV B' U Lpau Z A"); 32:15 (ds-; > B' U R A'); 39:3 (iA-vos-; cf. vA-&ws B' 2013 R THe* A"); and 68:3 (iA-vv; cf. vA-17v B" Lpau' He 1219').24

4. Introduction to the Collation

The collation below contains all the variants that occur in the thirty-nine Psalms scrolls and seven other documents from the Judaean Desert (including the Psalms pesharim ). These collations will enable scholars to assess the textual nature of individual scrolls and to explore relationships between specific Psalms scrolls, :JR and 63. For published material, variant readings were obtained mainly from the preliminary or final editions of Dead Sea Scrolls. For unpub­lished material, photographs were consulted wherever possible. Transcriptions and collations were also provided by the respective DJD editors preparing Psalms manuscripts from Cave 4 (Skehan, Ulrich, Flint), from Cave 11 (earlier van der Ploeg, now Garda Martfnez, Tigchelaar, van der Woude), and from Nai:Jal !:lever (earlier Greenfield, now Flint).25

Criteria for Determining Variants. A variant is defined as any disagreement between one of the Dead Sea Psalms scrolls with either :lR or another Psalms scroll. While the Versions (63, La, ®, ~' and ;t1) do not feature in the actual determination of variant readings, the reading of 63 is often included in the col­lations because of the importance of the Greek Psalter.

Orthographic Variants. Orthographic differences are not included in the col­lations, except in the following cases: (a) Where an entry may also qualify as a variant, in which case it is followed by [VAR or ORTH] or, in more difficult cases, by [VAR and ORTH?]. (b) When the original reading (denoted by the siglum *)has been corrected to a different orthographic form. 26

Signs, Sigfa, Format. The sigla used in these collations are generally in accordance with BHS, Septuaginta X. Psafmi cum Odis, and the DJD series. The format enables readers to identify with precision the following items for any reading: the scriptural reference, the manuscript, relationship to the corre­sponding reading in other scrolls (if any), relationship to :JR, and relationship to 63.

Division of Material. The collations conveniently divide into five main sec­tions: Book I (Psalms 1-41 [Greek 1-40]); Book II (42-72 [41-71]); Book III

24 See Hedley, "Gottingen Investigation," 70; Flint, "Psalms from the Judaean Desert," 211, 217; and Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls, 236.

25 The collation that appears in my book (Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls, pp. 86-116 [see Bibli­ography]) is more detailed by also providing fragment, column and line numbers, which en­tails separate entries for each manuscript that is cited.

26 These cases are included because the issue of why and how a manuscript has been cor­rected is of interest to many scholars.

Variant Readings of the Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls 345

(73-89 [72-88]); Book IV (90-106 [89-105)); and Book V (107 to 150 [106-150]). A final section treats those compositions that are lacking in :m but are present in certain Psalms scrolls. Virtually all this material is also absent from G3, but one composition (Ps 151) is common to both G3 and 11QPsa.

5. Collation of Variants

5.1 Book 1: Psalms 1 to 41 (Greek 1 to 40)

2:3 2:4 5:9-10 5:11 5:13 7:9 9:5 9:5

11:2 11:2 12:6 12:7 12:8 13:2 13:3 14:1 14:5 15:3

17:1 17:7 17:9 17:9 17:11

17:13 17:14

17:14 18:2

18:4

18:4 18:12

18:16 18:16-17

[1r.>•]rn,,tm~ 11QPsc] 1r.l'l'n,01r.l ;JRG3 ')1,lt 11QPsc] '),lt ;JRL; :11:1' (£;mmss; > ;JRA; uai o UVQ!O~ (S3 ooolt 4QPsa ] 7'N •:::> lliG3; J'N[ 4QPs' m•tvN~ 4QPsa ] Cr.l'tvlt:-1 lliG3 :l)lt:J 4QPsa ] :1):0:::> lli@ ?~t 11QMelch] :11:1' 1 o lli® (u6Qw~) :111:Jtv1 11 QPsc ] 11:Jtv' ;)R@ :111'0!:ltv 11 QPsc ] 'O!:l1tv JR@ 1l':>'1 4QCatena A ] 1)):::> lli® c•:on 4QCatena A G3 ({Ji;tTJ) ] c:on ;m [n)'tvN c'i?h::t ?N) 11QPsc] Tl~tvlt lli®; 11'tvN[ ) 5/6l:fevPs f,N? ?•:.r[ 11QPsc] f,N? ?•?:.t::t 5/61;IevPs lli; 8ou{Juov rfi yfi (53 :1T 11QPsc] n ;)R :l:>')!:l 4QCatena A] :l:>')!:l-nN ;m :111'lVN 4QCatena A ] 11'!VN ;)R [ VAR or MORPH ?] ]~?1:.t[ 11QPsc] ;,?•?:.t lli; ?1:>t ;mms ~,;W 11QPsc] Ctv ;)R@ [1::t,p ?:.t) ... :1tv[lt N?) 5/6I;IevPs (2 hemistichoi)] pr. Utv? ?:.t 1;>), N? lli@ (3 hemistichoi) [•n?!:ln]? 4QCatena A] •n?!:ln lli@ ( rif~ ngoaevxif~ J.lOV) [c•r.>r.>1p ]lir.> 8QPs (haplography? cf. DJD III, p. 148)] 0'r.lr.l1j'Tlr.lr.l ~ffi(S3 :1T 11QPsc] 1T ;)R (cf. Ps 62:12); rwv G3 [16:9] h1]w,, llQPsc] ')1,tv;ffi® (ra;tamwQTJaavrwv w) ';)1!V,) (pie!) 11 QPsc@ (l:u{Ja;t;tovri~ J.lE) ] 1l',\?N ;)R; ')1,tvN .ffi'm'; prp. 1r.>•- or ')1,tv' BHS o?[!:l] llQP~c] ;,o?!:l ;m [;,:;,)'1::,;[ c•]liir.>r.l 11QPsc ] ,,, 0'11r.lr.l lli; &no f:xt'JQ(VV rij~ xetQ<J~ aov @

[~)~"M:J 11QPsc G3 (l:v rfi (wfi avrwv)] C"M:J JR ]r.>n, (prb ;,:;,•nr.>n,, v. d. Ploeg) 11QPsc ] 1r.lM,N ;}1((53 > 2 Sam 22:2 JR® :1N,pN llQPsc ] N,j'N ;m and 2 Sam 22:4 lli; !:ntua;tiaoJ.lat (S) and 2 Sam 22:4 G3 ':J'1ltr.l1 llQPsc 2 Sam 22:4 lli(':J'Nr.l1)] ':J'N ym ;m [vAR and ORTH] rn:>tv[n] 11QPsc] Tl~IVIJ lli; Tl'J~Ij ;mms 2 Sam 22:12 ;m (hapax); mwret­v6v ®; au6ro~ 2 Sam i2:12 ®ms ]n 8QPs [vAR and ORTH] 'ho1r.>] (masc.) 11QPsc] [n]H6ir.> (fern.) 4QPsc lli(l'n,01r.l) [n]?tv~ (v 17a?) 11QPsc] 111,ltlr.l (v 16c);ffi@ (tr. stichs 16cd and 17ab?)

346 PETER w. FLINT

18:17 [~l]np~1 11QPsc J ~lnp~ :nn~ 19:7 ~:::tp(?J] 11QPsc) :"l:::tj:'IJ :Jl(@ [ VAR and ORTH(?)) 19:8 n1[ ,1n] 11QPsc] Tl'J1T1 :JR® 22:5 11JU~!ln 5/6l:levPs) 11JU~!lm :JR 22:15 !!.'(IJ]l 4QP/) OIJl :Jl( [YAR and ORTH) 22:16 !!.'::11~ 4QP/] j:':J.11J :JR® 22:16 ,!l:l.' 4QPsf) ,!:1:!1~1 :JR® 22:16 ]D!l1!!.' 4QPsf] ~ln!l!!.'Tl :JR; xanjyayi~ JLE: ® (-yayev ®m') 22:17 1,N:J 5/6l:levPs :JR'mss@ (wrvqav)) ~,N:J :JR; 1,:1 ;mmss, edd

26:11 ~l.;n~1 (vid.) 4QPsr Cv ;,~n)] ~~A~1 :JR® (v pn) 30:9 [:"11:"1]~ 2° 4QPsr:JRmss) ~l1N :JR; = ~:"I~N@ , 30:10 nn!!.'~ 4QPsr) nn!!.' ~N :JR 30:11 [~lln]-1 4QPsr] ~llM1 :JR; xai l]Urpiv JLE: ® 31:6 n~1!l5/6l:levPs] ;,n~1!l :JR 33:1 pr. Ps 31 4QPs• 4QPsq] pr. Ps 32 :JR® [31); cj. Ps 33 c. Ps 32 :Jrrmss

(cf. @m") 33:1 ,mm ,~!!.' 1~11~ 4qPsq] > :JR; rip L1avt8 ®; cj. c. 32 mmss 33:7 1il[ 11J:J 1:J.:::tl ]o~ml ctb[ m?J1:"1n] 4QPsq (gloss on 33:7? [vid.]; cf. 78:13,

Exod 15:8)] Tl11J1:"1n :JR® (&{JVaaov~) 33:8 1N,~ 4QPsq] 1N,~~ :JR; rpo{JT}th]rw ®; 1[ 4QPs• [vAR and ORTH] 33:9 :"1':"11 4QPsq] ~:"1~1 :JR® (xai iyevJj&r,aav) 33:12 1:"11~N ;,~;, 4QPsq) 1'ii~N :"11:"1' ;m® 33:14 ?[:J.n] (vid.) 4QPsq; cf. ® v 8 ( rryv oixovJtiVTJV) ] f,N:"I :JR® ( rryv yijv) 35:8 [:"IN1]!!.' 4QPsq(?)] :"IN1!!.':J. :JR® (xai iv rfi nay{8t) 35:15 1!l0l 4QPsq) 1!l0Nl :Jll'[vAR and ORTH) 35:15 o~:~n [ < o~:Jl1?] 4QPsq) O':Jl :JR (v :"I:Jl); JLaanye~ ® 35:15 ]oiiloN5 4QPs•) 1!l0Nl 1!l0Nl1 :JR®; 1!l0l [ 4QPsq 35:16 ~~:!1 1p,n 4QPs• ® (lflrvS:av in' iJLi)] '~:!1 p'1~ :JR 35:16 O'ltV 4QPs•) 11J'l!!.' :JR;@ ( rov~ 686vra~ avrwv) 35:17 ~li1N 4QPsa* (cf. 38:16, 23)) 'l1N 4QPsa corr:JR [oRTH, but CORR) 35:20 ~N1 4QPs• (cf. n. 20• in BHK)] ~:!.'1 :JR® 35:27 ~:::t~n(;,] (2°) 4QPs•@ (oi tlfAovre~)) f!lM:"I :JR 36:5 (1,"r) ?1:1 f:l.'~n' 4QPs•] (1,1) ~:!.' :J.:::t~n~ :JR; = (1,1) ~:1[::1] :J.:::t'n~\:"1 ®

(nariaTTJ naav oop). 4QPs• may be corrupted from (1,1)~:1 ~:!.' :J.:::t'n~. 36:6 o~?J!!.':"IIJ 4QPs•) O'IJ!!.':"I:J. sic! :JR'; = '!!.'::1 :JR'mss@ (iv) 36:7 Y'!!.'1T1 :"1::1 4QPsa) :!.''!!.'1!1 :JR® 37:7 inn ~N1 4QpPsa) ,nnn ~N :JR; JLTJ nara(ryAov@ (asyndeton :JR@) [YAR

and ORTH?) 37:8 ,nn \ ~N1 4QpPs•) ,nnn ~N; JLTJ nagasJjAov ® [vAR and oRTH?] 37:10 :"lll1:J.T1N1 4QpPsa) nll1:J.T1:"11 :JR® 37:13 ~-[;,~] 4QpPsa] ~l1N :JR; 6 oi: XV[J!O~ ® 37:13 N:J. 4QpPs• :JR'm"(Ken); cf.Jer 50:27; Ezek 21:30, 34) N:J.' :JR® 37:14 1:11,1~1 4QpPsa = ivfmvov @m''(?)) 1:1}11 :JR; iviretvav ® 37:14 ~~!J~ 4QpPs• (elision of :"I; cf. Mishnah?) j ~~!);"!~ m [ORTH and VAR?] 37:14 M1:J.U~1 4QpPs•) M1:J.U~ :JR@ 37:15 0:"1'!11Tl!!.'j:'1 4QpPs•) 0!11Tl!!.'j:'1 :JR' [YAR and ORTH?) 37:17 [m]:li1,TN 4QpPs• (rare form aleph prosthetique; cf. Jer 32:21; Job

31:22t) J mY,,T m 37:19 ::1:!7, 4QpPs•] p:1:!7, :JR (rare; cf. Gen 42:19, 33)

T 1r

I

37:20

37:20 37:20

37:20 37:23 37:25 37:28

37:33

37:35 37:36 37:36 37:38 37:40

38:9 38:10 38:12

38:16 38:16-17 38:17 38:19 38:19 38:19 38:20 38:20 38:21

38:21 38:21 38:21 38:22 38:23

38:23

Variant Readings of the Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls 347

[1b1L'!:l 4QpPs"* (> 20afJ and ba) ] pr. c~,,, ,p~:> i11i1' ':Ji11~1 4QpPs" corr 1R(c~,, ,j:'':J i11i1' '::1~~1) 03 (has both 20af3 and ba; cf. DJDV, p.48) ~:Ji11~1 4QpPs" corr] ':J~}n ;)R{3) (o{ 8e Sx{}go{) [VAR and ORTH]

c~,,, 4QpPs" corr J C'i11R (cf. Ps 65:14; Isa 30:23t); xai lllf!Wt'h]Val (= 0~,?~) {3) [VAR and ORTH]

Jtv31:i 4gpPs" 1rrms'(Ken) 03 (waei xanv6.;)] JW31:J ::m ,,,.; ?b:J 4QpPs"] ,,,,, 1R® (> '1;11::>::1) 0)1 4QpPs" 1rrmss; cf. ® (xai yag) J 0) 1lL ,,~tvl 0 ";! (131'1;1 0'~'~] 4QpPs" (31-strophe, cf. @ ( aVOJ.lOl 8e EXOtwxf.h}aov­Tat ), DJD v, p. 49 J ,,~tvl c!;.,31";11!L 1D!:ltvi1:J1(?) 4QpPs"* (partly erased waw; cf. DJD V, p. 49) ] 1D!:ltvi1:J 4QpPs" corr ;)R@

]~im 4QpPs"] i1,31n~1 1!L; xai enat(!OJ.l&Vov = i1~~l!~~ (S) ,,::131~ 4QpPs" 03 (xai nagfiA,{}ov; > xa{ 03ms)] ,.:i31,·, :nt [ VAR and ORTH J [i1li11 1'l]!:l '1;131 4QpPs"] i1li11 1R® ,n~ 4QpPs" ] ,,n, Jlt OD";;!:l'1 c-ol;.~,, 4QpPs" J o-o";;!:l' c-ol;.!)~, JR; xai (!va&rat ... xai E/;t:A.drat (33

]o~1!il 4QPs"] '711l1!:ll 1rr; exaxwfh]v@ ,nbl 4QPs" ] ;,,nbl ~ill ['31]'11'~1 '31, (,l[m) 4QPs" (cf. Ps 88:19; Job 19:13-14)] ,,~31' ':!Ill (,)l~ '31,1) ;JR; Xat Ol nA1]GtOV J.lOV ef; evavr{a.; jlOV ifyytaav xa) !far7Jaav @ ( = ,,~311 131ll ,lm '31,, [vi d.]) 'll31n i1n~ 'l,~ 4QPs" J 'l,~ i1l31n ;,n~ 1R('1 ~Jltmss) G'l ] .;;,";!~ ':J 4QPs" ] ':J 17 •;,";!~ ;JR(S) ,!;.,,j, 4QPs" J 1!;.',li1 Jlt® i1:> 4QPs" ] '::> 1R® 'nl1:~ 4QPs" ] 'l1311rr® '711~0rl J)j 4QPsa ] 'n~r;m~ ;)R{3) [ VAR and ORTH]

Clrl 4QPsa (cf. 35· ); 69:5; note 20" in BHS)] C"M Jlt('i3 ,,ptv 4QPs" [suffix?] ] ,ptv 1R® ·~·'l;lw~ 4QPs" 03 (oi &vrano8r86vre.;)] ~~~tvm ;JRG'l11"(+ fWl) [vAR and ORTH] .

i1:JiD nnn :i~i 4QPs"* ;)R@ ] i1:J1D nnn 4QPs" corr ~lblL'[~] 4QPsa J 'mDtv' ;)R{33 ,:J, 4QPs"] '!:>1,, 1rr; '!:>,, ;)RG = ;mmss; cf. (5)

]ill;.~ 4QPs" (transposed?)] •;,";!~ i11i1' JRG'l i1tv'n 4QPs" (cf. 71:12 [i11L''M ;JRk]) J i1tv1M ;m; cf. 71:12 (i11L'1tl :mq) and 70:6 'ml31";1 •";;4QPs"] •ml31";1 1R® (> •";!)

5.2 Book II: Psalms 42 to 72 (Greek 41 to 71)

44:8 45:2 45:6-7 48:5 49:9

[ U'~ltv ]~ 4QPsc ] 1l'~ltv~1 ;JR® 'l11L'";;1 4QpPs"] 'l1tv";; 1R® [ ] ";;N 1l;.~i111QPsd] 1'1;1~;, 1RG'l ]:j";!~ 4QPsi; cf. 03mss = y,~ •::>";!~ (cf. 2:2 and 72[71]:11)] c•:>";;~;, JRGS3 ]o1l;.m 4QPsi ] !;.,m 4QPsc(";;,n1) 1rr; xai ex6naaev [ v1 OJ (.<;; = :m?

348

49:10

49:13 50:21 51:4

52:7 52:8 52:11 52:11 53:4 53:5 53:7 56:4 57:1

60:8//108:8 66:16 67:6 67:8 68:16 68:31 69:3 69:3 69:3 69:4 69:4 69:4 69:4 69:5 69:6 69:7 69:7 69:9 69:9 69:11

69:12 69:13 69:13 69:14 69:14 69:15 69:15 69:15 69:16 69:16 69:17

PETER W. FLINT

[;nt.,'] \ Ri;., 4QPsc ;_mmss ] :"IN.,' Ri;. JR@mss; OTl OVX 01/fE:Wl = Ri;. ':l(?) ® T':t' 4QPsc ® (avvifx&v; cf. v 21)] pi;.' JR 111'M sic! 4QPsc] 111':-t m; &vo,tfav = n~tt(?) ® :-t:t.,:-t hif. imper. form 4QPsc 4QPsi ;JR ] :t.,:-t apocopated form ~(q mss; bri nA.dov ® O"n:-t 4QPsc] O"n ;JR ,,i;.:sr 4QPsc @mss] ,,~;o:sr, ;)R@ ,,,l(, 4QPsc ] 11,R ;JR@ 11'0M 4QPsc ;_mmss ] 1'1'0n ;JR@ [ VAR and ORTH] 1;.,:;,( 4QPsa@ (m:ivr&~);.cf. 14:3 (I;.:,;,)] ,1;.;:> ~m R.,i' 4QPs• ] ,R.,i' ;)R@ ..

T,'~ o,':t 4QPs• ] P'~~ ;JR® 0,,, 4QPsa] 0,' ;JR@ (rll.tf(?a~); cf. O,':t v 10 '~!Ji;.~ 1QpPs (cf. 1 Sam 8:18)] '~!J~ m; &no nQoamnov ® [oRTH, VAR, PHONETIC?] :-t11~R 4QpPs• ] 11~R Jl(; 8taf.1E:TQ1]am 03 ,:sr~tv, 4QPsa ] ,:sr~tv ;JR(~ ] :-t:l,1', 4QPsa ] ,,,,, 1° ;)R@ [ VAR and ORTH] :-t:J,:J.,:t' 4QPsa ] ,~:J.,:t' ;)R@ ["1;, ;,]T 11QPsd] .,;, 2°Jl(@ xh:srl 1 QpPs ] .,:srl ;JR@ T':t (or p:t?) 4QPsa] P'~ ;)R@ [vAR and ORTH] T'R 4QPsa] T'R, ;JR@ nl;o,:ttv 4QPs•] nl;o~tv, ;JR@ [vAR and ORTH] ,,1;.:;, 4QPsa] ,~;ot ;)R [vAR and ORTH?] '~tv 4QPsa ] '~':lr ;JR@ l;o'n:t 4QPs•] l;on'~ ;JR; = l;on'?;? (or l;on~~ BHS) (53 [i;.R.,]tv' ':-tl;o~<tl;o 4QPs• (cf. v 7; ':lrtv' ':-tl;.Ni;. Mic 7:7)] ';;;l;o~<tl;o Jl(@ ,.,:srtv~ 4QPs• ] 111.,:srtv~ Jl( 'Tl',i;. R,i;. 4QPs• ] 'T;l~~~l;o Jl(@ ,tv,[:t'] 4QPsa ] + ':t. ;JR@ ,~i;.:J[,\l;o~<t] 4QPs•] ':t ,~i;.:J' i;.N ;JR@ .,T '~ 4QPs• ] .,11~ hof. partie. JR® ,.,:;,j 4QPs• ] ,.,:;,~, ;JR@

1R, 4QPs• ] :-t:J:tR, ;JR; @mss edd xai avvfxaJLI/fa = ~:JR,, cf. 57[56]:7 (BHS app = :1~7tt~ or ;,~~~~?); (S3mss xai avv&xaA.v!pa = :-tO:JR, (or inner Greek corruption?) ':1111 4Q Ps• ( cf. v 11) J ':-tR, ;)R@ ,n,tv['] 4QPs•] + ':t ;JR (cf. v 7 [2x]); = ,n'tv' ':t(?) (5\ ,)::~~1 ':t 4QPs• ] 111~'l~1 JR; = ,D~ ':t, CS3 ;,~1;. 4QPs• ] 11;. ;JR@ :-tn:sr 4QPs• ] n~ ;m®o .;~;on '~"P', [;,]§:t'OR i;.lt[1] 4QPs•] :-t:sr:toR i;.R, Jll® (> 'l;on '~"i'',) ,~1;..;[~:-tj 2° 4QPs•] ;,l;o~~R ;)R@ 'i'~:sr~ 4QPs•] 'i'~:sr~m ;JR(cf. Ps 130:1); ® (sg. xai ix roiJ {3a{}ov~) '~:st:toi1 4QPs• ] '~:srl;o:tn ;JR@ '!J 4QPs• ] :-t'!J ;m® 'D:st 4QPs• ] + ;,,;,, ;JR®

Variant Readings of the Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls 349

69:17 il::>,on ::m~::> 4QPsa (cf. BHS note 17"-a) ] ,,on ::m~ '::> ~)l(('l) [vAR and ORTH]

69:18 ~N 4QPsa ;mmss (53 (J.u}) ] ~N1 :JU'(SJms (2° manu)

69:18 il'1[il~] (vid.) 4QPsa] '1il~ ;JR 69:19 ~lt :J'1j:' 4QPs•] ~N il:J'1j:' ;JR 71:1 pr. Ps 38 4QPs•] pr. Ps 70 :m® [69] 71:2 'l~'Iil 4QPs• ® ({Jvaa{ f.tt:)] 'l~'Il1 ;m 71:2 ')D~!Jl14QPsa] 'l0~!Jl11 ;JR; = 'l0~!J1 @; > @m'(cf. 31:2) 71:2 ')~':Oil (2 °) 4QPsa ( cf. 31 :3) ] 'llt'1V1il1 ;JR@ 71:3 ]o~i:.t ':I~ 4QPsa] ('l1'1I) ,,~l1 N1:J~ ;)U'; = 111,1:0~ l1':J~ (vid.) ~ (cf.

31:3) 71:4 y'i~n'i 4QPs• (cf. Isa 1 :17)] ymm :m® 71 :6 'i1lt 4QPsa 63 (J.taV &f axsnaanjs) ] 'i1l ;)R; sl o vnsgaamanjs JtoV

@m'(ex 30:5?) 71:11 [ 1i11tv ]!Jn 4QPs• ] 1il11V!Jl11 ;JR@ 71:12 iltv'n 4QPs• ;JR (cf. 38:23)] iltv1n ~mq; cf. 38:23 and 70:6 (:-ttv~n) [ vAR and

ORTH] 71:13 [1]~::>'1 4QPs• ;mmss ® (xai sxA-mirmuav)] 1~::>' ;JR; m~::>' ;)1(""'

5.3 Book III: Psalms 73 to 89 (Greek 72 to 88)

77:19 78:1 78:9 78:31 81:6 81:7 81:9 82:1 82:2 82:8fin

83:7

83:8 83:10 83:12 83:14 83:19a 84:7 86:13 88:16

89:20

89:20

89:20 89:20 89:20

~::1~::11 11 QPsc ] ~l~l:J ;JR6J il~::l'lT'N ll~Psc ;mmss (cf. BHS app)] O::llTN ;)1(~ [YAR and ORTH] 'PW1l 11QPs ;JR®] '1Vp1l ;mmss [0:-t']l~tb~ 4QPse] Oil'l~tv~:J :m® l11!J1V 11 QPsd ] l1!;:)1V ;)R~ [ VAR and ORTH] 1!:l=> 11 QPsd ] 1'!:l::> ;m® '~o:.t~tvl1 MasPs•* ] -~ :.t~tvn MasPs• corr (eras.) ;mcs-; :J'11j:':J llQMelch J :J'1j?:J MasPsa m; iv j.liD"cp (53 [vAR and ORTH?] ~,,lt 11QMelch J ~w MasPsa m; &8tx{av (23 [vAR and ORTH?] 0 0 0~ 0 0 0 0 [ ] * (d 1) 9tlN ,1r.ll ~ '1'1V MasPsa J MasPs• corr e = ;JR(5; 01,N ':-t[~N](?) MasPsa (cf. 2 Chron 25:20) J 01,N '~:"IN ;)1((5; (metathesis or different reading?) p~:.t ~:Jl MasPsa ] p~:.t1 ~:Jl ;JR N'10'0::l v lOa MasPsa ® J N'10'0::l v 1 Ob ;)1( 1~':J',l MasPsa*] pr. mn'tv MasPsa corr;m; cf. (5; ({}off= (:-t)l;'f?i, BHS) O'il~N MasPsa J 'il~N ;)R@

[1::_r:J~ ... 1lt,'1] MasPs• ;m] !:f1il' ... 1:.t,,, :m (cf. BHS) (5; 1ill1'1V' MasPsa J 1il~l1'1V' ;JU' [ VAR and ORTH ?] [il::>,on 'H:.t ~,,, (vid.) ttQPsd] -~:.t ~,,,,,on ;nr® i1'11!JN 4QPs'; cf. <23 (i!;ryno(pjfh]v, onomatopoeic effect) and Isa 24:19 in ;JR® ] ill1!JN ;JR '1n[:J 'l1~'1n] 4QPs89* J pr. ['11:::1]::1 ... ::l''1Tl[:J~ 4QPs89corr; ... 1','0n~ '11:::1::1 ;JR ::l''1M[:J~] 4QPs89 (cf. v 4 [''1'n:J~]) ] 1','0n~ :me,,- ;:mm'') C~; ro!~ v{of?; O"OV @mss

'1~Ml1 4QPs89 ] '1~Nm N® ntv 4QPs89 ] 'l1'11V ;JR ( '1T ]i:.t 4QPs89 J '1Tlt ;Jl(

350

89:20 89:20 89:21 89:22 89:22 89:23 89:23 89:23 89:23

89:24-25 89:26 89:26 89:26 89:27 89:27 89:28 89:28 89:31 89:44

PETER w. FLINT

1n(:J] 4QPs89*] '1n:J 4QPs89corr m('11n:J) (23 [vAR and ORTH?] ?J31 llJ 4QPs89 ] 031?J m 7lJtv 7?J 4QPs89 ] 7lJtv:J me23 llJlV -1 (tvM] 4QPs89* ] -1(tvM] 4QPs89corr m® 0:J):J11 4QPs89 ) 1lJ31 J1:l11 m® ( avvavrtATl/.l!Jft:rat a(mp) pr. v 26 4QPs89 ] pr. v 22m® :JM1M 4QPs89 ) 1:J :J'1M m@ l;-31 4QPs89 ) :-rl;-131 m [ VAR or ORTH] nu31l;. 4QPs89* ] 1nu31!;. 4QPs89corr(cf. <23 and 2 Sam 7:10); Ul31' Ml;. m®ms

> 4QPs89] hab m® pr. v 22 4QPs89 ] pr. v 25 ;)1((23

1' 4QPs89 ] 11' m® '1:'l):J 4QPs89* ] 11'1:'l):J 4QPs89cor"; ni'1:-r):J1 ;JR® pr. v 23 4QPs89 J;.r. v 26m® 27a 4QPs89(11M ':J(M])] + 27b m('11311tv' '11lt1 •l;.M) <23 ')M 4QPs89 ] pr. 'JM m® )Tllt 4QPs89* ] (1)milt 4QPs89corr(?J; 1:1)11M m® pr. v 28 4QPs89 ] pr. v 30 mCS3 :-rlJnl;.lJ? 4QPse ] :-r?Jn??J:J ;)1((23

5.4 Book IV: Psalms 90 to 106 (Greek 89 to 105)

91 :I 91:1 91:2

91:2

91:4 91:4 91 :4fin

91:6

91:7

91:8

91:8 91:8

91:9

91:9 91:10 91:10 91:10

91 :II

pr. Apocryphal Psalm 11QPsApa] pr. Ps 90 m® (1•11?] (vid.) llQPsApa <23 (Alvo~ p8ij~ rrp L1avt8)] > m '1lJ1M:'l 11 QPsApa ] '11J.M m®m'; igt:f <23 (intermediate var. = '1~M\ v. d. Ploeg?) [vAR, ORTH] 1:J( ntl:JM] ntl:JlJ 11QPsApa (cf Ps 71:5;Job 31:24); + f3oTJ{}6~ JWV @mss ex 17:3(?); pr. fJ( 0 ]TJ{}O~ @ms) 1:J ntl:JM m@ p:ltvn11QPsApa] :-ronn m® (iAnu:!~) ;,)~ ,~"?[31 1]i on 11QPsApa (lost hemistich [ ?]; cf. BHS)] :'i)lt m(~ :-rl;.o 11QPsApa] > m® 0''1:1lt( 11tv' :Jtl]plJ \ 1?:-r• ?il(M:J '1:J1lJ] 4QPsb m® (tr. 1?:-r• and ?!:lM:J <23mss[ iv ax6r&t 8taJrO(.l&VOJUiJ.loV]) ] tr. a and b 11 QPsApa w)[•] 4QPsb m® (iyy1d)] 31l' (V 31l)) llQPsApa; cf. 1 K 6:27; Jer 51:9 (both with ?M); 2 Sam 14:10 (+ace.) tl':Jo[ 1')'31:J] 4QPsb (vid.) m(tl':Jn 1')':>':J) <23 ] T)':>':J [tl•:Jn] tr. 11QPsApa [o•]:»tv'1 o1l;.w ;i [M'1m] 11 QPsApa] :-rM'111 o•:»tv'1 nlJl;.tv1 ;mCc~ o1l;.w 11QPsApa (cf. Isa 34:8; Hos 9:7; Mic 7:3)] n~~~1 m(hapax); xai &vran68omv <23 .. . ]11lJnlJ n[ 10]nlJ nM['1p] 11QPsApa] nlJtv p'?:» •onlJ :11:1' :-rnM ':J

1 )1:>'lJ me23 11lJn?J 11QPsApa (cf. 1 Kings 20:6; Isa 64:10)] 1)1:>'?J m® (:-r]M'11111QPsApa] :'i)M11 m(cf. Prov 12:21) <23 (ngoaeA&va&rat ... xaxa)

(:»l)] :>'l' M1?( 1] 11 QPsApa] :J'1j?' M? :»m me23 1'?(:-rM::J.] 11QPsApa ] 1?:-rM::J. m®m''(iv rrp C1XTJVWJ.lar{ aov ); rrp C1XTJ­

vwpar{ aov @ ( 1'1]lJ1tvl;. 11QPsApa (cf. 1:>'lJ11V:J 1QS II 13)] 1'1lJ91;. m [ VAR and ORTH]

t '

91:13

91:14-16 91:14 91:16 91 :16fin 91 :16fin

92:5 92:5 92:7 92:12 92:15 92:15 93:1 93:1 93:1 93:1

93:1 93:5 94:14 94:14 95:5 99:1

99:1 101:2 102:5 102:16 102:16 102:16 102:17 102:18 102:20 102:20 102:24 102:24 102:24-25 102:26 102:26 102:27 102:29fin

103:2 103:3 103:3 103:3 103:10

Variant Readings of the Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls 351

F'l~1 l;>mv !;.~ 4QPsb ;m ] [ ] ll"l~ \\\ [!;.~] 11QPsApa; in' &ani8a uai {Jam?c{auov ® shorter version 11 QPsApa ] longer version ;m® pttm 4QPsb ;m] :-mptv[n] 11QPsApa; if?cmasv ® 11<t"1'1 11QPsApa] 1i11<t"1!<t1 lli; uai &i~w avrq) ® [l7J!<t 77J!<t 1))~'1 11QPsApa(?)] > lli® (cf. Neh 8:671J1<t 77JN 0~:-Ji;.:J U~'1) ;,1;.6 11QPsApa] > JR® (NB: no Psalm commences with ;,l;.c, and only Psalms 3, 9, 24, and 46 end with nl;.o). i1tv:i1 [7J:t] 4QPsb ;mmss ] 'tD~1J:l JR® (pr. ua[) P"1' 4QPsb ] p"1~<t JR® ~<tl;.1 4QPsb (cf. 73:22)] ~<tl;. JR® i1~1Jtv 1 QPs• ] i1)~1J1Vl1 ;m® :"1::11'0 i1:1'1V:l4QPsb (cf. Gen 15:15, etc.)]> i1:11'0 ;JR® 1'i11 4QPsb ] 1'i1' JR® pr. Apostrophe to Zion 11QPsa] pr. Ps 92 ;)1(@[91] pr. i1'11;.1;.;,11QPsa] > JR® "1l!<tl1'1 11 QPsa ® (uai nsrts(waaro) ] "1ll<tl1i1 ~R f:l[n] 11QPsa ;mm'(Ken) ® {Sars{)iwasv); cf. Ps 75:4 ] l'l':Jl"l ;m (cf. Ps 96:10) '011J'O 11 qpsa ] '011Jl1 JR@ ( VAR, PHONETIC, ORTH ?] i11) 4QPs (cf.Jer 6:2)] i11!<t) JR ( VAR & ORTH?] Ni;. '':J 4QPsb* JR ] !<t1i;. '':J 4QPsb corr ( ORTH, but CORR] 11J~ l"l!<t 4QPsb ] 11J~ ;m :"ltD:t'['l] 4QPsm (cf. Gen 1:9f.)] l11V:l'1 JR (cf. Exod 4:9) pr. Ps 135 and other composition(s) 4QPsk] pr. Ps 98 4QPsb(vid.) JR® [97] (?)['111Jl1J i]1il;. 4QPsk ®mss (tr. ®)] > JR 'I;. 11 QPsa] 'l;.~<t ;m (haplography?) i;.[:J!<t1J '1Jni;.] (end of colon)? 4QPsb] tr. JR® 1!<t"1" 4QPsb ] 11<t"1"1 JR('"1'1 ;mmss)@ f"11<t 4QPsb* ] f"11<ti1 4QPsb corr JR® ( rfic; rfic; ); > @mss 1i1:l':J 4QPsb (cf. lsa 59:19)] 1i1:l':J JR® i1:l':J:l 4QPsb ] 1i1:l':J:l JR® n~l;.1n11QPsa] nl;.~n JR® 71~1J1J 4QPsb (cf. Deut 26:15)] 01"11J1J ~R® y "1~<tl;. 4QPsb ] [ f] "1~<ti1l;.~<t 11 QPsa; f"11<t l;.~<t JR; ini (sic; ®m") ri]v yfiv ® i1)~ '':J 11QPsa] i1)~ 4QPsb JR® (> '':J) 'M:J 4QPsb JRq mss] 1M':J JR® v 24b :.;l;.~<t "11JN '1J' "1:ip 4QPsb ®] vv 24b-25 '7~ .,?;l.~<t : '1J' "1:ip ;m i1i01) 11QPsa] l"liO' 4QPsb JR® '1V~1J1 11QPsa 4QPsb ;mm'(Ken) ®] i11V~1J1 ;m th:ti;.:J1 11QPsa ®] 1V1:ti;.:J 4QPsb ;m .,,;~;>[] llQPsa] > JR(cf. i1il;. 103:1); cf. slc; rov alwva uarw{}vvih]as­rat® 1'i;.;7J) 4QPsb* ] 1'1;.~;7Jl 4QPsb corr JR ( ORTH, but CORR] l<t>J"11 4QPsb ] !<t~"1i1 JR® 1;.:>;1;. 4QPr~ !;.:>? 2° 4QPsb corr;m 1'11;.nn 4QPs • ] T~<t1?nn 4QPsb corr; '':J'N'?nn ;m U'1l11[)~':J) 4QPsb ] ~)'l'))i~~ JR@ ( VAR a~d ORTH]

352

103:20 103:20 103:20 104:1 104:1 104:1 104:1

104:1 104:1 104:2 104:2 104:3 104:3 104:3 104:4 104:4 104:4 104:4

104:5

104:5 104:8 104:10 104:10 104:11 104:11 104:11 104:22 104:22 104:23 104:24 104:24 104:25 104:25 104:25 104:25 104:27

104:28 104:29

104:29 104:29 104:30 104:31 104:32 104:32

PETER w. FLINT

i11:-J' m~ 4QPsb ] :11:-J' JR (> mt) 1'"1::11 1 o 4QPsb ] 1"1::11 1 o JJ.l~ 1'"1::11 2 ° 4QPsb ~] 1"1::11 2 ° JR~mss pr. Ps 147 4QPsd ] pr. Ps 118 4QPse 11 QPs"; pr. Ps 103 JR03[ 1 02] pr. Ps 118 4QPse(?) 11 QPs" ] pr. Ps 147 4QPsd; r· Ps 103 Jll~[ 102] 1'111;. 4QPse(?) 11QPs" ~ (rip ,1avr8)] > 4QPs J1l 0 [ ':-Jl;>M ]~1:1' :11:1' 4QPsd] 1l':-J1l;>M :11[:1' :11:1'] 11QPs"(vid.); :11:1' :11:-J' 'ttl;>M JR(S3; ':-Jl;>M :11:-J' mmss; = ':-Jl;>M :11:1' :11:1' :11:1' ~ms :11M1?J 11QPs"] 1M~ JR [vAR and ORTH] tv:Jl;on 4QPsd ] ntv:Jl;o ;m~ 'Dll 4QPsd ] :-JDll ;JR ;,~1;-o[tv::J] 4QPsd* J + :-Jll'"1'::l D'~!V [ ']OU 4QPsd corr 4QPse 11 QPs" JR03 :1"1]'~ 4QPsd 03ms ] :1"1j:m:-J ~m~ ml 1']1;-o:il 4QPsd ] 1'111'?::1 JR~ 1?;,~ 4QPsd] 11;>;,~;, 4QPs1 11QPs" ;m~ 'tvll 4QPsd 4QPs1

] :-Jtvll Jl(; 6 norwv ~ [vAR or ORTH] 1'::JMl;o~ 4QPsd JR~] 1::JMl;o~ 4QPs1

; ]M[ 11QPs" 1'[11"1tv~] 4QPsd 11QPs"(1'n[ ) JR(1'11"1o/~) (~ (pr. xai)] 1T!"1'!V~ 4QPs1

"0[;,1;.] tvM 4QPsd 4QPs1 JR] T!D:-111;. tvM 11QPs"; nvg rpA§yov C_S3; prp. Dtl~~ BHS 101' 4QPsd CS3m"( 6 fJ&pdrwv) ] 1Q~ ;JRCS3 ( l:fJ&pd[waev ); 1!V' 4QPs1 [ VAR and ORTH] ol;o::;l;o 4QPs1 ;nrmss <» (eD; TOV alwva)] ol;o1::; ;m [vAR and ORTH] [1;. ]bl;o1 2QPs] l;>M JRC23 nl;ow~ 4QPsd J nl;otv~;, ;m® 0'"1:-J:-J 4QPsd (S3 ( TWV ogfwv)] 0'"1:1 ;m ni'n 4QPsd ] 111':1 1;-o::J JR; mivra nr fh]g[a ~ [:1)1]N \\\;,11M 4QPsd] '1tv ;JR~ (rov &ygov) i"1'::lrV;; 4QPsd ] 1"1:l!V' 2QPs([ 1]'i :ltv') Jll@; ]' 4QPs1

1!l0M'1 4QPsd 11 QPs"(p!l0M'1) ® (xai avvl}xfh]aav)] J1!l0M' Jl( o :1'7ii)1ll~ 11 QPs" (cf. Jer 21 :13; Job 37:18)] DT!l1ll~ 4QPsd(on[ ) JR 1::1 11 QPs"] '1::1 4QPsd JR &we;~; pfxgt ~"15

:-J::l1n:l 11 QPs"* ] :-J~::J1n:l 11 QPs" corr 4QPsd JR(:-J~::JJ;r:l) 1!Vll) 4QPsd (cf. Ps 33:16)] :-JTI'!Vll 11QPs" JR(Tl'tvll) ~ o ':-J 11 QPs"] D':-J ;,r JRCS3 :-!~tv locative? 11 QPs" J Dtv JR [ VAR or ORTH ?] w[~"1] 4QPsd JR~] :-J:li:-J tv~"1 11QPs" ["1!:1]0~ 4QPsd ~m~ (&grOJtoc;)] "1!:10~1;. infinitive? 11QPs" ol;o::J1M o;,l;o nnl;o 11QPs" ~ (ooiJvm ri]v rgorpi]v avroii;")] ol;o::JM nnl;o Jll(> D ;,1;>) T

poi'?.;1 11QPs" J J1Di'l;o' m~ '")01l111QPs" 4QPsd[reconstructed] (2 hemistichoi)] pr. v 29a pl;o;,:J' 1')!:1 "1'T10T1 ["1110T1 mmss] JR~ (3 hemistichoi) :-J::Jn1"1 11 QPs" ] Dn1"1 JR® 1ll1l'1 llQPs" ~ (xai l:xJcdlf!ovmv)] pll1)' JR J1M"1:l'1 11QPs" (S3 (xai xna01}aovrat)] J1M"1:l' JR ':1'1 11 QPs" ] ':-!' ;JR~ f"1M:-J l;>M 11QPs"] f"1Ml;o Jll; l:ni ri]v yijv ® 1tvll'1 11 QPs"* (error?) ] 1)tvll'1 11 QPs" corr ;JR

L. 2£1111 .. as _;; .c:a .. d ~·- s~ c a

104:34 104:35 104:35 104:35 104:35 104:35 105inir

105:1 105:3

105:6

105:6 105:7 105:9 105:9 105:11 105:28 105:29(?) 105:30 105:37 105:38 105:44

Variant Readings of the Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls

v 34b :n:-r[ ':J n~tvM '::llM] 11 QPsa m(S3 ] > 4QPsd [1~]n• •::> 4QPsd] mn• itvM' 11QPsa; 1~!1' :lit@ 1~li· itvM' 11QPsa] 1~n• :JR@; [1~]n• '' 4QPsJ 0'MU1n 11QPs"] 0'M91J ;JR [vAR and ORTH?] fiM~ 11 QPsa] fiM:-t 7~ 4QPsd(fi]~ilT~) ~m i1'1~~i111QPsa :JR(:-r•-1~~:-t)] cj. c. 105[104] ("3

353

[ 110n 0~37~] '=' :nu •::> :n:-r•~ 111:-t 11QPsa (cf. Ps 118 and 136) ] > JR; pr. 'AUJ]/tovia ® pr. Ps 147 4QPse(reconstr.) 11QPsa] pr. Ps 104 ;rnc~ [103] m::ti \ [tvp:J~ :J? n~tv·] 11QPsa (= 1 Chron 16:10b (~ [EUqJ(iaV1?7]m:rw xago{a (l]TOffaa rl]V EIJOox{av auwff]) ] i11:"!' 'tvj:':J~ :::1~ n~tv' ~)!((~; 1 Chron 16:10 ;m; ]::1?[ n~tv· 4QPse 1'1::137 11::137 11 QPsa* [thus Yadin] ] 1'1::137 11 QPs" COlT cs; ( OOIJAOl atJWt!); 11::137 JR(~ms(oovllov auwv) 1i'n:J 11 QPsa :JR"'ss ] 1'i'n:J JR~ M1il •::> 11QPsa] M1il ;m® 0:-ti:JM 037 11QPsa] 0:-ti:JM nM ;m; rep A/]gaap@ 1I1371:Jtv 11 QPsa ] 1I1371:Jtv1 ;me~ o'? 11QPsa] 1? m® oi [::11?] 11QPsa] 111::11 :J1(; 11:::11 mq mss; 1'1:::11 Jltmss (5;

Otv 11QPs"] 1::>il m® il::ll[tv] 11QPsa] fltv ;)R [1]~37 N::l1'1 4QPse 11QPs"(1~37 n[M M::l1'1]); cf. v 43] OM'::t1'1 .nn~ 1n~tv 4QPsc ] n~tv ;m@ 7I1'1 nn'?(?) 11QPs"*] 7I1'1 11QPsa corr Ceras.J ;Ut<..S3

5.5 Book V: Psalms 107 to 150 (Greek 106 to 150)

107:9 107:13 107:13 107:14 107:15 107:15 107:16 107:24

107:25 107:26 107:26 107:28 107:28 107:29 107:29 107:30 107:35b 107:35b

107:36

:-rpp[tv tv::>l1 I ]n:J371 [tv::>l] 4QP/] tr. ;JR(~ (:-t:J371 tv::>l1 I ilj:'j:'tv tv::>l) O[il•m]p"::t~~ 4QP/ (cf. v 28)] o:-r•mn~~ ~m; '1 :mmss [vAR and oRTH] 037'1V'1 4QP/ ] 037•tvi• JR(S) [ VAR and ORTH] 0M'::l1'1 4QP/ (5) (xai &,;l]yay&v avwv~)] OM'::l1' ;nt [ 111]:-r 4QP/ J 111• ;m(SJ 11'0n 4QPsf i i"T91J ;JR; = 1'10n (S) ( nx sllfTJ auwt!) [ VAR and ORTH J ii[tvnl] 4QPs (cf. Isa 45:2 [:-ttvml])] ntvnl ;m 1n1~t?::>l 111' 4QP/ (cf. preceding :"!1:-t' and vv 8, 15, 21, 31) ] 1'I11M~::>l1 ;)}(@ (YAR, ORTH?] o•?~ 4QPsf ~cf. v 29 [0:-t'~~])] 1'~~ ;:)1("(:5) (rd: xvpara aurFj~, cf. v 25) Otv::>l1 4QPs ] Otv::>l :JR® [O]il:J 4QPsf (cf. v 5)] :"!371::1 mC:sJ Oil•mp•::t~~ 4QPsf (cf. v 13)] Oi1'np1::t~~1 ;m® 037'tv'1 4QP/ (cf. v 13)] OM'::l1' ;m® (cf. v 6) 1oi"i (::> 4 °?) 4QPsf J op• (hif. 01j:') m® o• -~~ 4QP/ (cf. v 25)] o:-r·~~ JR@ v 30b 4QPsf] pr. v 30a (1pntv• '' 1n~tv'1) ;JR® fiM 4QP/ ] fiM1 ;)Jl@ "Y1:J~? 4QP/ (cf. Isa 35:7; 49:10; Eccl12:6)] 'N::t~~ :nn.'l (cf. v 33 and Isa 41 :18) :Ji 037 4QPsf] 0"::1371 :JR@

354

107:36 107:39 107:41

107:41 107:42 108:8/ I 60:8 109:4 109:5 109:6 109:25 109:26 109:27 109:28

109:31 109:31

112:1 115:1 115:2 115:17 116:8 116:8fin

118:1 118:7 118:8 118:8 118:9 118:9fin

118:12 118:15 118:16

118:16 118:19 118:20

118:26

118:27

118:29

118:29

119:1

PETER w. FLINT

'ill 4QPsf ~mss(n6A-t:t£") J i'll ;m~ (n6A-tv) [1o:;.r ]~' 4qP/ J 1tlll~', m~ 'lll:i 4QPs ~mss(sv nrwxlq), cf. v 10] 'lill~ ;)1((23 (su nrwxda£" [&no nrwxda£" ~ms)) [VAR and ORTH) o[ Jo 1l;>:;.r [\Otv'1] 4QPsf] 0tl''1 ;)1((53 f!:lj:' 4QPsf ) :"II!:lj:' ;)1( 4QpPs• [see entry for 60:8) 'lmtltl' 4QP/ J ;,l;>!:ln 'lM1 'mtlt" ( + ;,l;>!:ln 'lM1) ;m~ (vid.) (1~]'0' 4QP/) 1~'tl''1 ;)1(~ [VAR and ORTH) [r]t~,rv, 4QPsf J 79~, m~ Otl'1i 4QPsf (cf. Deut 32:32)] Otl'Ni ;)1( [vAR and ORTH] v 26a 4QP/] + v 26b (11tlM::l 'lll'tv1:t) 11QPsa ( ]'lll'tv1[:1) ;)1(~ :121M [:11:1'?] 11 QPs• ] tr. :11:1' :tl1M1 ;JR; > 1 ;mmss ®; > 4QPsf [:t]::5n:;.r 4QP/] 11::1:!11 (pr. 1) ;)R(S3 ( o 8i: 8oiJA-6£" aov ); :t::l[ 11 QPs• [ VAR and ORTH) 1~:!1 11 Q Ps• CS3 ( nagiar71) ] 1~:!1' ;JR [reconstr.J + Apostrophe to Zion 4QPsf ] + Ps 110 ;)1(®[109); 11 QPsa pr. Ps 103 4QPsb (>Psalms 104-111)] pr. Ps 111 ;)1(~[110) 1nl;>1 2° 4QPs0

] Nl;> 2° ;JR~ [vAR and ORTH] :t'M 4QPsb ) Ml :l'M ;JR 0'21~ M11;> 4QPse @mss(ovxi Vt:X(!O{)) 0'21~:1 }(1;> ;JR(23 (ovx oi Vt:~t(!o{) ;,:;.r~,~ 4QPso mmss ] ;,:;.r~, T~ m :1:!1~1~ 'l'll nM (> 8c by homoiarchton) 4QPs0

) +'n1~ 'l;>li 21M (habet 8c) ;JR; pr. waw ;JRmss ®; > ;)Rmss(> 8b by homoiarchton) pr. Ps 136 11 QPs•[ catena] ] pr. Ps 117 4QPsb(reconstr.) ;}R@[ 116] 'lN 4QPsb ) 'lM1 ;)1(~ pr. v 16 11 q Ps•[ catena] ] pr. v 7 4QPsb ;JR~[ 117) no:Jl;> 4QPs 11QPsa[catena)(M1tl:Jl;>) ~ (nt:notffivat)] monl;> ::nl' ::l1tl::l~ 11QPs•[ catena] (error?)] n·tl::l~ 4QPsb(rltl::l~) ;JR~ + strophe Oll ~l;>M:J M1tl::l~ :11:1'::1 ::l1tl:Jl;> ::l1tl 11 QPs• [catena] ] > 4QPsb ([O'::l'1l]::l) ;JR® pr. v 10 4QPsb (> v 11; homoiarchton ?) ] pr. v 11 :J1l'C53 pr. v 1 [catena] 11QPs• 11QPsb] pr. v 14 ;m~ [Ps 117) 16b 11QPs• [catena] (:ti1::ll :tntvll :11:1' T'~') ;JR (l;>'n :trvll-) ~ (&.;ux uv­giov S1lOLTTO"l:V OVVaJ.ItV)] > 4QPsb(?) mms 03ms; ]~- 11QPsb[ catena] :1i1::ll :tntvll 11QPs•[ catena]~ (sno{ryat:v 8VvaJ.Itv)] l;>'n :ttvll ;JR OM1:JM 4QPsb ) O::l M:JM ;)R~ l;>Ml;> 4QpPsb (cryptic form of divine name?, cf. DJD V, p. 53) ] :11:1'1;> ;JR63 ( rov xvgiov ); ]1;>[ 4QPsb o:mM 1l::5'1[:J] 4QPsb 11QPsa corr[Ps 118)(C::l1l::li::l) ;m~ (t:vA-oyl]xawv vpii£")] otv:J O::l1l::li:JllQPs•* [Ps 118) ln 'i1tlM [1i1tlN BHS] 11 QPsa (cf. Judges 16:11; 15:13; Ezek 3:25)] ln 1itlM ;m; avarl]aaa& l:ogrl]v 03 pr. v 9 +strophe llQPs•[catena]] pr. v 28 11QPs• 4QPsb (reconstr.) m; pr. v 28 and 2 strophes (cf. v 21) ~[117) :t' 1l;>?;, 110n ol;>:;.rl;> '::l 11QPsa[catena] ] 110n ol;>:;.rl;> '::l llQPsa[Ps 118) ;}R(> :t' ,~;>1;>;,); cf. ® 118:1 (= 119:1 :JR);] '::l 4QPsb pr. Ps 132 11 QPs• ] pr. Ps 118 ;}R~[ 117)

119:2 119:2 119:5 119:13 119:1 s 119:16 119:16

119:17

119:17 119:17

119:18 119:18 119:20 119:22

119:27 119:32 119:37

119:37 119:40 119:41 119:41 119:42 119:42

119:43 119:43

119:44 119:44

119:45 119:48 119:49

119:59 119:64 119:68 119:70

119:71

119:72

119:78

Variant Readings of the Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls

m; [?1,::1] 11QPs• JRm'(Ken)] ::1? ?':J ;:nr~ (cf. 119:20, col. vu 6) il11V'11i' 11QPsa] 1il11V'1i' JR~ il'Tl~[M?] 11QPs•] 1'P" JR~ (1T1'1~M has also been proposed) 'T1'1!:l1V 4QPsh ( cf. preceding 'Tl!:l1V:J) ] 'T1'1!:l0 ;m n'1VN 4QPsh] :-tn'1VM 11QPs• JR

355

:-t''v1n:J 11 QPs• ( cf. v 12 and BHS app) ] T111p1n:J 4QPsh ~m (1'TJPD.:J) :-t'''1:li 11QPs• JRm''(JRq Ken, de Rossi)~ (rrov Jc6ymv anv)] 1'1:li ;m '11~l 4QPsh 11QPs• JRm'(Ken)] ?~l JR; avran68o~ (53 (ambiguous? cf. Ps 57[56]:3 and 138[137]:8) :i'nlt1 4QPsh 11QPsa JRm''(Ken, BHS)] :-t'nM JR~ il:J''1:li 11 QPsa JRm''(JRq Ken, de Rossi) (5; ( rolx; A(Jyov~ aov) ]1'1:li JR O':JN 4QPsh] :-t0':JM1 11QPsa JR~ :1''111'1111~ 11 QPsa ;:JRm'(Ken) ]1T1'11Tl(~) ;me~ :10'1l 4QPsh JR) :11V'1l 11 QPsa [ VAR and PHONETIC VAR)

?1l (qal imper. of ??l) llQPs•; cf. ~ (nsg(sJcs)] ?~ :ffi (another form of imper.; cf. Versions) :-t'i1j?!:l 11QPs•* JRm'(cf. Ken)] :-t''i1j:'!:l 11QPs• corr ;m(1'-) (.'!; 1111~L~] 1QPsa ]1'111~~ JR~ 1''1i:J 4QPsg ;:JR~] :1''1:Ji' 11QPs•; 1'''1i:J (~ ;m q m"(Ken, de Rossi); 1'1:li:J JRm''(Ken, de Rossi) ')'n 4QPsg JR~] 'mn 11QPsa (cf. cols. XII 5; XIII 5; and XIX 14) ')'n 4QPsg JR~] 'mn 11QPsa (cf. v 37 [col. VIII 1]) ')lt':l'1 4QPsg] ')1M1:l'1 11QPsa JR (')~:t'1); = ')~:t,, (5; 110n 4QPsg JR~ ( ro EA-s6~ aov) ] iOn 'i 1 QPs•; TiOn ;n(q(Ken) il)l'l(, 4QPsg 11 QPsa corr ;)1(~ ] il)l', 11 QPsa*

il:J'1:Ji:J 'TlnO:J '' 11 QPsa JR(1'1-)C~ ] 'T1'1~) 1'i,j:'!l ' ' 4QPsg (cf. vv 45, 56, 100) 1Tl~M 4QPsg ] Tl~M 11 QPsa JR<23 lD!:l1V~? 4QPsg ;m] :-t'''1:Ji? llQPs•; TD!:lt,m? ;mq mss(Ken, de Rossi) ~ i'n'1,Tl 4QPsg ]1T1'11T11QPsa 11QPs•(:-t:Jn-) ;m® il71 11 QPs• ] pr. o?:;? JR(53 (si~ rov almva xai d~ rov alml'a wv alm­vo~)

;bn'1:J 4QPsg(il11J'1:l) JR~] il':J,n'1:J 11QPsa :-t1V'1VM, 11QPsa] :-tn'1VM, JR~ (V n'1V); ]111M, 1QPs• :1'''1:li 11QPsa ~m''(rrov Jc6ymv aov)] '1:Ji ;m; = 1'1:Ji (51 (ulv A(Jyov aov) :1T1'1VIt, 11QPsa*(?)] :l:l'1VM1 11QPsa corr (eras>) ;)Jt(S}

il:>p,n 11QPs• ]1'P" JR<23 '),ilt :-tT!M ::110 11QPsa ~ (xvgts)] ilT!M :J,O ;)R 'l7,[1V]~w 11QPsa mm'(Ken); cf. 119:24,77,92, 143, 174] 'n:.ttv:Jtv JRC'l1 (l:wAiriJaa) ')Tl')l' 11QPs• ;)Rm'(Ken) ~ (l:randvmaa~ w); cf. Ps 119:75; 88:8] 'Tl')~ m (?)~?It~ 11QPsa (cf. Gen 20:16; 2 Sam 18:12; Isa 7:23; Song 8:11)] '!l?!t~ ;m® ')111[:1] 1QPs• (cf.Job 19:6)] ')~111l7 ;:JR~

356

119:82 119:83 119:83 119:85 119:87 119:88 119:88 119:92 119:105 119:105 119:105 119:106 119:106 119:107 119:107

119:108

119:108 119:109 119:110 119:110 119:111 119:113 119:114

119:115

119:116 119:117

119:117 119:119 119:119 119:119

119:128

119:129 119:130 119:131 119:131

119:133

119:136 119:137 119:140

PETER w. FLINT

i[l?':l] 4QPsg ;)R(~ ] :1Tii;.:J 11 Q Ps" ( cf. v 81) 'TI''~ 4QPsg ;)lt~ ] '~TI'lVll' 11 QPs" :1:11 on 11 Q Ps" ] nm ;JR~ nnw 11QPs" ;JRm'(Ken)] mn'W ;JR; = mn'iv C~ (&8oA-soxia;) f1N:);) 11QPs" (cf. BHS"PP)] f1N::J ;)R@ 'mn 11QPs"] -~-n ;JR~ (cf. 119:37 [col. VIII 1]) Tl1,1ll' (rare form of pl.) 11QPs"@ ( ra f.W(!TIJ(!ta)) m1ll' ~ill [']':!§~ 4QPsg ;JR@] 'mli':J llQPs" :rn-ms(Ken) :1':!'1::11 11QPs" ;)Rq mss(Ken, de Rossi)] 11::11 ;JR~ 1,N: 11 QPs" ] 1,N:, ;)R@ '111:J'ml;. (pl.) 11QPs" ~] '111-'ml;. (sing.) ;)R@ [vAR and ORTH?] 111tVll'i;. 11 QPs" ] 1);)tvl;. ;JR@ 'U~tv);) 11 QPs"* ;)R@ ( ra X(!lf.WTa) ] U~tV);) 11 QPs" corr(eras.) ~)Rm"(Ken) 'Tl',ll'~ 11QPs"] 'Tl'~ll'~ ;JR~ (iranstwMtryv) -~~,n :1:JTJ1);)N::J 11QPs" ®m"(A-6ywv). For the form -~~,n, cf. 119:37 [col. VIII 1], etc.)] 11::11:1 '~'n ;JR~ (A-6yov) :111 11QPs" ;JRm"(Ken) ®m"(svMxryoov) ] N:~-:111 ;m® (srj56xryaov 51]) :1:J'U~tv);));) 11QPs"] 1'U~tVm ;)RCSJ :1:JT11,Tl 11 QPs" ] 1T11,111 ;JR@ '~N: 'I;. 11 QPs" ] ,~;. ;)R@ :1:J'1,p~ 11 QPs" ] 1'1,p~m ;)R@ (xai l:x nov l:vroA-wv aov) ptvll.' ':1 11QPs"* ;)R@] pll.'tv 11QPs" corr (eras?) :1:JT11,Tl 11QPs"] 1T11,111 ;JR(S) :1:J'1:J1i;. llQPs" ;Jrrm'(Ken) ®m''(si; rov; A-6yov; aov)] 11::11!;. ;)1ICS3 (sl; rov A-6yov oov) 11111;) sing.? 11 QPs" (if pl., then orthographically unique in this MS) ] 11111;) pL;mc~

'1 :ltV);));) 11 QPs" ] '1 :ltv);) 5QPs ;)R N:lVN:, 11QPs"] :-Tll'lVN:, ;JR; = ll'lVli'TltVN:, (hitpalpel of ll'll'lV; cf. vv 16, 47) (~ (xai f.tt:Asrl]aw)

:-T':l'p,n 11QPs"] 1'P":J ;m~; 1'Pn[ 5QPs 'Tl:Jltm 11QPs" <23 (l:A-oytoaJJTJV)] Tl:Jtv:-1 ;JR; Tl:Jtvn mmss (Ken, de Rossi) p l;.ll' 11 QPs" ] pi;. 5QPs m T T

:1':!'111,1ll' ~;.,::~ 2° 11QPs"] TTJ'ill' 5QPs m~mss (> !;.[ ,]:1); + 5ta navr6; @ (cf. v 117, where 8ta navr6; translates 1');)TJ; probably dittography ace. to BHS •rr) !;.,:~ '1,p~ llQPs" mms] I;.:~ '1,p~ I;.:~ 1lt; [ngo;] naaa; ra; l:vroA-a; oov (,~ [ = 1'1,p~ 1;.:~(1;.); > !;.:~ 2 °] Tl~~ '::11;.~ 11QPs"] mN:l;.~ ;)1((23 (cf. 119:36 [col. XII 9]) 1N::1, imper. 11QPs"] 1'N:' imperf. ;)R@ :1':!'111,11;)1;. 11QPs" ;)Rm"(Ken)] pr. '':! ;)R@ 'TJ:JN:T111QPs" (cf. Ps 119:40, 174 [cols. VIII 4; XIV4])] 'Tl:JN:' ;JR ha­pax; l:nsn6{}ovv <23 :1':!TJ1);)N:i;. 11QPs" mm"(de Rossi)] 1T11);)N::J ;JR; 1Tl"mN::J 1Um''(Ken, de Rossi)~ '':ll;.ll' 11QPs" mmss] l;.ll' ;)1I (> '':!) 0'1lV', 11QPs" ®m"(xai sV&s!~)] 1lV', ;JR® :1':l:Jll' llQPs"* (error?)] :1:J1:Jll' 11QPs" corr; 11:Jll', 5QPdRCS3

119:142 119:142 119:152 119:152 119:153 119:154 119:155 119:156

119:159 119:159

119:160 119:160 119:161 119:161

119:162 119:163 119:171 119:172 119:173 119:174 119:175

119:175

119:176 120:1 120:6 121:1 121:2 121:3 121:5 121:5 121:8 122:1 122:2 122:3 122:3 122:4 122:4 122:4 122:5 122:5 122:6 122:7 122:8 122:9

Variant Readings of the Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls

mp1[ll] ni[p1ll]? 11QPsa] p1ll 1Tli'1:i ;m63 0~131 11 QPsa ] 0~131~ 5QPs :ill@ ii:lT13117J 11 QPsa ( cf. 1 QH I 21; XV 12) ] TT11317J ;mCS3 ')7'110' 11 QPsa ] 07'110' :ill@ ii:lT1,1Tl 11 QPsa (> ':l; haplography ?) ] pr. ':l ;m63 :::!', 11 QPsa* ] ii:J', 11 QPsa corr ;:nt 0'31tv,IJ pm, 11QPsa*] ii311tv' 0'31tv,IJ p1M, 11QPs• corr ;JI((SJ

357

'mM 11QPsa (cf. v 159 [col. XIII 11]; but also v 154 [line 5], the only time :ill = 11 QPsa for this word)] ')'M ;)1((53 ii:lm?JN:lllQPs•] 110M:l ;m; 110M::! 63 (iv rep i:Ain anv) '))1M llQPsa (cf. v 156 [col. XIII 7]; but also v 154 [line 5], the only time :ill= llQPs• for this word)] ')'M ;m63 ii:l',:l1 11QPsa mm'(Ken) (53 ( TWV A()ymv aov)] ,,:::11 ~)R i'1ll 11QPsa] 1i'1ll :JRG) 01)M 11 QPsa ) l:l)M ;m [ ORTH and VAR?) ii:l',:J17J1 llQPsa ;)1((23 (xai &no TWV ,l.oymv anv) ] ,,:J17J1 ;)Rq mss ®m''(xai &no rov ,l.oynv anv) Nll17JIJ 11 QPsa ] Nll17J:l :ffi(S3 ii:lm1m 11QPs•;J1(mss(Ken) ('13 (Of)] 1mm JR ii:l~ ii~iiTl II QPs•] ii~iiTl ;JRG3 (> 1~1 ii:l~) ii)31Tl 11 QPsa ] 7317'1 ;)1(

'),1131~ 11QPsa) '),l¥~ ;)1( [ ORTH and VAR?) ii:lT1,1Tl 11QPsa] 1m1m ;)1((23

ii:l'Utltv~i 11QPsa* cr:mq mss(Ken) 03 (xai rex X(}lJWTa anu) ] :-t:l'tltltv 11QPsa corr (NB: scribal dots over1 and 7J); 1UtltVIJ1 :)11(> 1 ~ntm'') '),1131' 11QPsa] 'r:'~"r:l1~ ;)1( ;)Rq ms(Ken); '),131' ;mk ms(Ken) CS3 (!1mlfh/-astfwt) ....

ii:l'l'11113111QPsa] 1'l'11ll7J :JR® pr. Ps 148 11 QPsa (reconstructed) ] pr. Ps II 9 ;)R (II) [ 118] ['tV]t!)~ 4QPse] 'tVtl) ii~ :ill;> ii~ 63 l'11~317Jii 11 QPsa ;mmss (cf. 122:1, etc.)] m~:sm~ ;m (cf. 123: I, 11 QPs") OIJ 11QPsa* (error?)] 0317J 11QPs• corr ;m; naga (53 ~N1 11 QPsa ;JRmss 63 (f!T]oi) ] ~N 2 o ;JR ii1ii' ii~'~:J 11 QPsa ] ii1ii' 1° ;)1(03

ii:l~ll 11 QPsa) 1~ll ii1ii' ;)1((23 [ VAR and ORTH) ,17Jtv' IIQPs•] pr. ii1ii' ;)1((53 (xvgw.;-) pr. Apocryphal piece 4Q522] pr. Ps 121 :}1103[120] ,~,_, 11QPs•] U'~l, :ill'G3 iiU:Jii 11QPsa* (error?)] ii'U:lii 11QPsa corr ;JR 1~ 11QPs• (referring to Jerusalem; thus also Ps 125:2) J 11M' :1~ .Jll(~ [ ]ii?Jtv 11QPs•] ii' 'U:Jtv O'U:JtV 1~31 OtvtV ;)RCS3; ii' 'U::!tv[ 4Q522 ii?JtV 11QPs•] Otvtv :ill; ixs! yag 63 ~N,tv'~ mu 4Q522 ;)1((53) ~N,tV' 7'1131 11 QPsa [ VAR and ORTII J !:ltv 4Q522) ii?Jtv :ffi; ]tV 11QPsa; ixsi:03 [vAR or ORTH) NO:l 11 QPsa ] l'11NO:l 2 ° ;)1((53 0 NtV 1~NtV 11 QPsa* ] 1~NtV 11 QPsa corr (eras.) ;}I(

;,,~tv, 11 QPs• ;JRmss G3 (xai su&T]v{a) ] m"7w :JR; o [,]~[tv] 4Q522 :'1,:J1N IJQPsa (cf. v 7)] + N) ;)1((53 (i:,l.a,l.nvv 81]); ]iN 4Q522 01~tv 4Q522 ] :::110 11 QPs•(:'1::!1D) ;)1(03 (&yaM); > (S)ms

3 58 PETER w. FLINT

123:1 m~:rn~~ ,~1,(17 "l~tv] 11QPs• (cf. 121:1 1U')] m~:li~J:-1 "l"lV ;m (> ,~1,?) 123:1 ('rnt]) 11QPs•* (error?)] ~nNW) 11QPs• corr 1U'@ 123:1 ~)[~:~~] 11QPsa;mm'(Ken)]")~:llnN;Jll

123:1 :Jtv1~:1 llQPs" ;)Rm'(Ken)] ~::J.lV.;:-1 ;)R [vAR? and ORTH] 124:7 1M)N(?) 11QPs"* (error?)] umN 11QPs" corr ;)R 125:1 N1?tv 11QPs"] N? ;)R@ 125:2 1~ 11 QPs" (refers to Jerusalem; cf. Ps 122:3)] ;,~ ;m 125:2 :11:1~ 11QPs" (haplography?)] m:-~~1 ;JR® 125:2 :J~:Jo i~J[:ll?] 4QPse] 11J:ll~ :J":Jb tr. :JR@ 125:3 c,., 4QPse*] c~,~ 4QPse corr ( = 0:'1~ or c~:r~ [ ?], cf. 125:5); c;,~,~ ;JR® 125:4 :J~:J 4QPse llQPs"@ (rtf Xa(?8i0)] cm:J~:J m 125:5 'p~p:ll 4QPse* 11QPs"] pr. c~o~J:-t1 4QPse corr ;JR@ 125:5 c~?1p?p:11 4QPse* ] c~~?1p?p:~~(?) 4QPse corr; m~1j:'~j:':ll 11 QPs";

C~i"\Jj?~j?~ :JR@ (> suffix [&is nxs OT(?ayyaA-u:is-]); cf. Judges 5:6 [ni"\oje~j?~])

125:5 ~~:li1!J nN 4QPse mc~~:lli:ll1N) ® (w:ra rwv S(?ya(ollivwv)] ~~:li1!J ~1:J nN 11QPs"

125:5 pN 11QPs" mm'(Ken); cf. Ps 141:9b in col. XXIII, line 5] J1N:"I ;n(; rT,v cXVO/ltav@

126:1 :J1tv:J 4QPse* ] pr. m?:li~J:-1 "l~tv 4QPse corr 11 QPs• ;JR® 126:1 m:Jtv (V :-~:Jtv) 4QPse ;mmss ® (alxllaA-wafav)] n:J~w (V :J1tv or v :Jtv~) m;

n~:Jw cv :-~:Jtv) mms 126:1 c~~J1?n:J 11QPs" ® (ws- JraQaxexAryllivot; cf. Isa 38:16) C"IJ~il:J

4QPse(0"1J~n:,) ;)R [ VAR and ORTH] 126:2 ?~,,;, 4QPse*] + :n;,~ 4QPse corr llQPs" ;)R@ 126:4 U"l11:JlV 11QPs" :JRmss(Ken) 1U'k(UrJ~:J~)] ~)rJ":;J.~ ;mq mss 126:6 ~:J:J1 1:J?~ 11~:1 11 QPs"* (53 (no[Jt:VOit~vot inogevovro xai lxA-awv)

i:J:J1 1?~ 11?:1 11QPs" corr (eras?J; cf. mm'(Ken); ;,:,:J1 1~~ 11?:-t ;m 126:6 ~NlV1) 1° 11QPs" ® (at(?OVTt:s)] NlV) 1°m (cf. v 6b and BHS app) 126:6 ~NlVU 2° 1QPsb 11QPs" @ (at(?OVrt:s) ] NlV) 2° :JR (cf. v 6a); NlV1)

;)Rn15(Ken) 128:3 [:-~~"l]!J:-1 1QPsb] :-~~"l!J ;JR (= Isa 17:6) ® (?) 128:5 ~)1,N 11QPs"] :11:1~ m; XV(?Ws ® 129:2 711:J"1 11QPs•mm'(Ken)]l1:J"1;Jll 129:3 C~:lllV'1 11 QPs"@ ( o[ Ctjta(?TWAo{) ] c~tv'1n :JR 129:4 ~)1,~ 11QPs"] :11:1" m; XVQ!Os ® 129:8 N1~tv 11QPs"] N?1 :JR 129:8 )J:J~:11~[N :11:1"] sic! 11QPsa ] :11:1~ 1° 4QpPsb ;)R@ [ VAR and ORTH] 129:8 o [:J~]~~ 4QpPsb 11QPs" :Jltm"(Ken); cf. ® (i({J' vilas)] C:J~~N :JR 130:1 [c~p~J:ll ]~J~J 4QPse* ] pr. m~:li~J:-1 '1~tv 4QPse corr <vid.J (]~1:!1) 11 QPs" :JR® 130:1 c~p~J:li~JIJ ~)1,N 11QPs•] c~p~J:li~JIJ 4QPse ([C"j:'~J:ll]m~) ;mG; (> ~)1,N) 130:2 Nl ~:-~n 11QPs"] :"ll~~:-~n :JR® 130:2 :-t:JlT1N llQPs" :JRm'(Ken)[1)TN]] 1"lTl$ :JR@ [vAR and ORTH] 130:2 l1:J1lVj:' llQPs" :JRm''(Ken)] ni:JtP,j:' :JR; ]p 4QPse [ VAR and ORTH] 130:2 -~ n:J1tvp 11QPs"] ni:JtP,j:' :JR® (> ~?) 130:5 1'1:J,~ 11QPs" :Jl(m'(Ken) ®mss(eis rov A-6yov avrov) ] 1'1:J,~1 :JR(1~'1-

:Jltm'); ,.,:J,~1 mmss ® (els- rov A-6yov oov; > copula) 130:6 [~tv!J)] \ ~?~m;, 11QPs" (cf. Pss 42:6, 12; 43:5)] ~tv!Jl JR® (for ij).moev,

cf. -n~m;, v 5fin :JR)

130:6

130:7 130:8 132:10 132:11 132:11 132:12 132:12 132:12 132:16 133:1 133:2 133:3 133:3 133:3

133:3

133:3fin

134:1 134:2 134:2 135:1 135:1

135:2 135:2 135:3 135:3 135:3 135:4 135:4 135:4

135:5 135:5 135:6 135:6

135:6

135:6

135:7

135:10 135:11

Variant Readings of the Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls 359

[0''1m]tb::l 4QPse ] 0''1?Jtv ;m®; = 0''1l'J{1)!D?J G3 (or l'1'1?JtvM?J, cf. BHSapp)

:11!1 1l'J37 ::1'1:1 11QPsa] 1111!1 1?J37 :1::1'1il1 ;)R@ M1il 11 QPsa ] M1:11 ~ffiG3 (?)::ltvl'l ::ltvl'l ?x 11 QPsa* ] ::l!Dl'l ?x 11 QPsa corr (eras,) ;)R ''1!J?J '::l 11 QPsa ] ''1!J?J ;)RG3 Mtl::l ?37 11QPs•] Mtl::l? ;)R m 11QPs• ~;mm'(Ken)] ii ;m 137 '1137 11QPsa] 137 '1~ ;m (but cf. 132:14 [col. VI 6]) 1?37' 11 QPsa ] 1::1tv' ;m@ m'1' 11 QPs• ] pr. p'1 ;JR~ pr. Ps 141 11 QPsa 11 QPsb ] pr. Ps 132 ;)RG3 [ 131] 1'1l'J '!I 11QPsa 11QPsb] 1'l'111?J '!I ;m; sing. G3 '1:1 11QPsa ;mm'(Ken)] ''1'1:1 ;JRG3 :-t?Jtv llQPsa] Otv ;JR; ix£LG3

[t:l"M] :1::l'1::1il l'1M (vi d.) 11 QPsb ;JRG3; O"m- ;mms (.'13 J :1::l'1::1il l'1M

11QPsa 0?137 137 11 QPsa ;mm"(Ken)] o?137il 137 ;JR; o?[ 11 QPsb; lfw.; rou alwvo.; G3 ?x'1tv' ?37 01?tv 0?137 \ 137 11 QPsa 11 QPsb ( cf. 125:5 and 128:6) ] 0?137:1 137

;JRG3 (cf. Ken on Ps 122:9) pr. Ps 140 11 QPsa(reconstructed) ] pr. Ps 133 ;mG3 [ 132] 0::l'1' 11QPsa ;}Rq(Ken)] t:l::lJ'' ;)R [vAR and ORTH?] :11il' Otv l'1M 11 QPs• ] :11il' l'1M ;JRG3 pr. Ps 119 11 QPs• ] pr. Ps 134 ;JRG3 [133] Order of 1??:1 phrases: c b a in 11 QPsa ;JRmss(Ken); cf. Ps 113:1 ( = a c b)] a b c ;)R@ ( 8oiJA-ot XVQtoV)

t:l'1m37W il' 1?J?J1'11 11QPs• (cf. Ps 99:5, 9)] 0'1?J!i'tv ;mG3 0'?tv1'1' 1::l1l'1::11 U':-t1?M 11 QPsa (cf. Ps 116:19) ] U':-t?M ;)R(S)

il1:1' l'1M 1??:1 11 QPs•] :1'-1??:-t ;)R (> l'1M)

::11t:l "::l 11QPsa] :11:1' ::11t:l "::l ;JRG3 1?Jtv 11 Q Ps• ] mtv? ;m® 1? '1M::l 11 QPs• ] il" 1? '1M::l ;JR(S3 ?M'1tv'1 11QPs•] ?M'1!D' ;JR® 1? :-t?ntl? 11QPsa @m"(nt:QtoVcrtaiJJlOV l:avrij); ex 4a?)] m?ltl? ~)1((S3 (ns­

(!toVIJtaiJJlOV avroiJ) ')M 11 QPs• ] pr . .,, 1 a ;m(23

U':11?M1 11QPs•] 1)")1M1 ;mG3 '1tvM 11 QPsa ] pr. ?::l ;JRG3 [0':11?M ·'. :-t]tv37' l'11tv37? f['1M::11 t:l"l'Jtv::l] 4QPs11(vid.) 11QPs• ] f'1M::11 tl"l'Jtv::l ;JRG3 {> strophe) t:l':11?M ... il!D37' l'11tv37? f'1M::11 tl'l'Jtv::l 11 QPs• 4QPs11

[ vid.] (mtvlr? f [ '1M::11

il]tv!t")] f'1M::l1 tl'l'Jtv::l ;)RG3 (>strophe) m?J1:-tli ?1::l::11 11QPs• ;mm"(Ken, de Rossi) ~ (iv micrm.; ra~ a{Jvcr­

crot.;)] l'11?J1:-tl'1 ?::l1 ;JR; = m?J1:1l'1::11 G3m"(iv ra~ a{J.); m[ 4QPs" 1'li1['1:i1M?J M1'1 M:i1?J] 4QPs11

] pr. :ltvlt '1t:l?J? 0"?'1::1 11 QPsa ;JRG3; 1"l'1'1:iMIJ[ 4qPsk tl'::l??J 4QPs ] pr. l'1:11 mG3 J1M'tll'1M 4QPsk] PM'tl' m; TOV l:l](t)V G3

, 'd

360

135:12 135:13 135:15 135:17 135:18 135:21

136:3 136:4 136:7 136:7fin

136:8

136:8 136:9 136:12 136:15 136:22 137:1 137:1 137:1 138:1

138:1

138:4 138:7 138:7

139:1 139:10 139:11 139:11 139:12 139:14 139:14

139:15 139:16 139:16

139:16 139:16 139:17 139:17 139:18 139:19 139:19

PETER W. FuNT

[u]l;; ;,l;.m (vid.) 4QPsn] ;,!;.m 1 o :JRG3 pr. Ps 135:12 4QPsk:ffi63 [134:12]] > 4QPs" '1V31r.l 4QPsk ;mmss 63 (e!_lya)] :11V31r.l :ffi J'M1 11QPs" ;mm'(Ken)] 1'M ~M :ffi; avo& yaQ l53 !;.1::>1 11QPs" ;mmss(Ken) 63 (xai navrs~)] !;.::> ;JR63mss :1:J:J1::J.' 11QPs" (cf. Ps 134:3 [col. XXVIII 2]) 63ms(su.Aoyl]an as)] 111::1 JR63 ( SUAOY1JTO~) p1M!;. 11QPs"] ')1M!;. :ffi; T<j} XVQ{cp@ :rnMI;.!J) 11 QPs" 63mss( &avpaaw) ] :rnl;.1l mMI;.!J) ;m@ ( {}avpama wya.Aa)

:n111Mr.l 11QPs"] 0'11M :ffi; cpwra@

11t:m ol;.31t;. ' ' n1'1 TIM1 !Vr.liV:-1 \ TIM 11on ol;.131!;. ' ' 11 QPs"*; > TIM1 11 QPs" corr (eras); cf. vvsinit, 9init ] 110n ol;.131!;. ':J :ffi63 ( > strophe)

m!;.!Vr.lr.l!;. 11QPs" ;mmss(Ken); cf. v 9 of:ffi] TI~!Vr.lr.l!;. ;JR (cf. Gen 1:16); d~ &.;ova{av 63 . 01' 11QPsa] 01'::1 ;m; rij; iJJ.IiQa; 63 n1' 11 QPs" ] n1':1 TIM :m 3111TM::J.1 11 QPs"] 3111T::J.1 ;m 131) 11QPs" 63ms(sxnva.;avn)] 131)1 :ffi63 (xai sxnva.;avn)

pr. Ps 135:12 4QPs"] pr. Ps 136:21 11QPs"(vid., reconstr.) :ffi63 pr. Ps 139 11QPs"] pr. Ps 136 :ffi63 [135] I;.::J.::J.::J. 11QPs"] I;.::J.::J. :ffi63 1::J.IV' llQPs"*] 1)::J.!V' 11QPs" corr ;JR63 :11:1' \ :1:J11M 1 o 11QPs" ;mmss(Ken, de Rossi) 63 (s.;opo.Aoyl]aopa{ am,

XV(JlS) ] 111M ;m 0':11!;.M :11:1' 2° 11QPs"* ;mms(Ken)] 0':11!;.M 11QPs" corr (eras.) ;JR(O':-li;.M) (~

:-l:J'!J 11 QPs"* ] ':J'!J 11 QPs" corr (eras.) :ffi(1'!J) [ ORTH, but CORR]

11TI::J. 11QPs"] ::J.1j:'::J. ;m :1::>1' 11QPs" :ffi(11')@ (xsi"Qa aov) ] 1'1' :ffiq mss (Ken, de Rossi) GJmss(xs!Qa; aov)

pr. Plea for Deliverance 11QPs"] pr. Ps 138 :ffi63 [137] OIV 11QPs"] pr. Ol :ffi@ 11TM 11QPs"*] 1TM 11QPs" corr (eras.); 11M ;)1(63

'131::1 11 QPs" ] ')131::1 ;JR [ VAR and ORTH] 11M:J 11V1n:J 11 QPs" ] :111M::> :-J':J'IVn:J :ffi@ :-!TIM M"11l (nif. partie.) 11QPs"] T11M11) :ffi63 (cpof3sgw;) (?) TI'M!;.!J) (mMI;.!J), final ;, lacking?) 11QPs" @mss (S&avfworw{}ry;) ]

'TI'!;.'!,) ;m63 (s{}avpaarw{}ryv)

'::1:1131 11 QPs"(error?)] 'r.ll31 :ffi@ :-!:J'"l!JO 11QPs"] 1}!JO :ffi63 1!;.1 110Ps" :ffiq mss(Ken, de Rossi). Font;.= M!;. cf. 2 Sam 18:12; 19:7 (?)] Ml;.1 :ffi"@ ( ov{}s{~ [ ov&{~ 63mss]) nM::J. 11QPs"] 1nM :ffi63 :'lr.l:'lr.l 11QPs" ;mmss(O:'lr.l, Ken, de Rossi)] 0:-l::J. ;m63 :"17:) 1;!31 llQPs" (cf. Isa 1 :5)] :'lr.l 2° :ffi(:1r.l1 ;mmss) 0:'l'IV1 11 QPs"* ] 0:-l'!VM"l 11 QPs" corr :ffi 11311 11 QPs" ] '11311 ;m; xai ln sip{ 63 ( + wra aov iyw 63ms) 'IV)M 11QPs"@ (av8!_Js~)] 'IV)M1 :ffi "110 11QPs"] 1110 :ffi63

139:21

139:23 139:23

140:1 140:2 140:2 140:3 140:3 140:4 141:1 141:5 141:6 141:7

141:9 141:9 141:10 142:1 142:5

142:8

143:3 143:3

143:4 143:4 143:5 143:5 143:5

143:6 143:6 144:1 144:1

144:1

144:1 144:2 144:2

144:3 144:4 144:5 144:5 144:15

lif"¥ •.

Variant Readings of the Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls 361

:'l:J'7:)7:)1j?n?:)m 11QPsa] 1'7:)mpn::n ;m; 1'7:)7:)1j?n?:)::J.1 ;rrrmss(Ken, de Ros­si); 1'7:)7:)1j?n7:)1 ;rrrmss(Ken); uai bri rot; t}x{}gol; ool! (S)

'::t? 11QPsa J '::t::t? ;JR '~~1b 11 QPsa ;rrrms(Ken) ] '~~1iD ;JR (cf. '~~1iv Ps 94:19t); rex; rg{fJoP;

JlOI!@ [VAR and ORTH) pr. David's Compositions 11QPsa] pr. Ps 139 ;)1((~ [138] 0"7:)n 11QPsa*] O'b?:)n 11QPsa corr ;JR

')1¥n 11 QPsa ;rrrmss(Ken)) ')1~pn ;)R [ ORTH, PHONETIC, VAR?) 01'~ \ ?1::> 11 QPsa ;rrrmss(Ken) 63 ( + OATJV rT/V iutigav (53""') J 01' ?1 :m i'il' 11QPsa] ,,~l' ;JR (11~' has also been proposed); nagaaooavro ® 1V'::J.:J~ 11QPsa(cf. Isa 59:5;Job 8:14t)] ::J.11V:J~ ;JR ® (&on{owv)

Fr. Ps J3 11qrsa] pr. Ps 140 ;JR ® [139] . . 'n~?m [posstbly m~?n'] 11QPsa (error? metatheSIS?)] 'n?~m :Htc~ 17:).;~) 11 QPsa* ] 17:)~) 11 QPsa corr (eras.) ;}R [ ORTH, CORR]

'?:)U 11QPsa (A possible emendation is'?:):>~; cf. Ps Sol16:1-2)] 1)'7:):0:!) ;JR® ( rd: a ora l]pwv ); rd: oar a avrwv = 0 :'1'7:):0~ ®mss ,,?:) 11QPsa] ,,,?:) ;m; &n6 ® 11V1j?' 11 QPsa) 1tvp' ;m [ ORTH and VAR?) 1::J.:s7N: 11 QPsa• J 1b:s1N: 11 QPsa corr 11 QPsb :JR [ ORTH, but CORR J pr. Ps 155 [Syriac Ps III] 11 QPsa] pr. Ps 141 ;)R@ [ 140] :"'N:1N:1 7'7:)' :'ltl'::J.N: 11QPsa ® (uar~:v6ovv d; ra &!;ta uai l:nf(J:t&nov)] :"'N:11 7'7:)' tl'::J.:'l (imperatives, Jl tl::J.)) ;JR 11'n:J' 11QPsa* (hif., cf. Ken) J ~11:1?~ 11 QPsa corr (eras.) :JR; lJJrOJL&VofJotv

® (= ~11:1?~?, BHS); [vAR and ORTHJ ~1,1' 11QPsa J ~,., ;JR(2; (?):'l:J, 11QPsa* (cf. Ken and Ps 44:20; 51:10) J N::J, 11QPsa corr;m® (cf. Isa3:15) '::t::t? llQPsa ;mms(Ken #219) J '::t? ;JR 07:)1ntv'1 11QPsa J 07:)1ntv' ;JR® ?1::t 11QPsa* (error?)] ?1:>::t 11QPsa corr :JR(?1::t) ® 'tv:si?:)::J. 11 QPsa ;rrrmss(Ken, de Rossi)® ( l:v JrOl1JJLaotv) ] :'11V~?:)::J. JIT :'ln'tvN: 11QPsa (cf. Ps 119 passim; 145:5 [col. XVI 14])] nmtvN ;m; !:w­Urwv® f1N:::J. 11QPsa ;rrrms(Ken)] f1N::J ;)R(2; :'1~~'(?)(]/~1~?) 11QPsa* ~ :'l~':sl (Ji~'~?)11QPsacorr;m pr. Ps 133 11QPsa llQPs ] pr. Ps 143 ;JR® [142] '11:0 :'11:'1' 111::J. 11QPsa 11 QPsb(vid.) ;rrrmss(Ken) J pr. ,1,? ;JR(S) ( + ngo; TOV ro:two) ,??:);, 11QPsa* (error?)],?:)??:);, 11QPsa corr llQPsb(b]?:)??:);,) ;m~ (a

8toaouwv-) 'n1:si::J.:iN:1 11QPsa ;rrrms(Ken)] 'n1~::J.:>N: ;JR®

'' tl?~?:), 11 QPsa ] '' 'tl?~m ;JR (> '' ;rrrmss ®; cf. 18:3) 0'7:):!) 11QPsa ;rrrmss, sebir(Ken, de Rossi); cf. Ps 18:48//2 Sam 22:48] '?:):!) m (2; ( TOV :ta6v JLOI! ); -oov ®ms; -avrov (S3mss 0':'11'?N: 11QPsa J :'11:'1' ;JR® (cf. v 5 below) 1'7:)'1 11QPsa J 1'7:)' ;JR® O':·n?N 11QPsa] in:'l' ;JR® (cf. v 3 above) ,,1 llQPsa ® (uai uarafJTJ{}t)] ,,m imperf. ;JR

:'11:'1' 11VN: 11 QPsa ] :'11:'1'1.1' m j ob UV[Jto; (2;

362

145:1 145:1 145:1 145:1fin

145:2 145:2

145:3 145:3 145:4 145:5 145:5 145:5 145:6

145:6

145:13fin

145:15 145:15 145:16

145:18

145:18 145:20 145:21 145:21

145:21 fin 145:21 fin

146:1 146:9+

147:1

147:1

147:1

147:14 147:20

PETER w. FLINT

pr. Catena 11QPs•] pr. Ps 144 ;m ® [143] ;,l;>!)l"' llQPs•] ;,l;>;m :ffi® (alvsm~) 'ml;>M ;,,;,, 11QPs•*] ':'l,l;>M 11QPsa corr ;JR@ (> ;,,;,') i:!l', ol;>,:!l'l;> \ ,~tV ,,.,,_1 :11:1' 11'1::1 11QPs• ] > :JR® (Refrain is constant to each verse and unique to 11QPs•) ,,.,,. 11QPsa] l;>::J:l :ffi®; cf. refrain ,~tV;,,;,,,,,, 11QPs•*[refrain]] ,~tV ,,,::11 :11:1' 11,::1 11QPs• carr(+

,,,,,); > :JR® l;>l;>1;,, 11QPsa*] l;>l;>,;,m 11QPs• corr ;m (1;>1;>;,~,); aivsr6~@ ,l"'~;o,ill;> 11QPsa] ,l"'l;>ill;>1 :JR® ,n:JtV' 11 QPsa ] M:ltV :ffi® ,,:Ji' 11QPs• ® (A-aA-l]aovmv)] ,,:li1 ;m :'l::l'mMI;>!:ll, 11QPs• ® (xai ra 8avpaaux aov)] 1'mMI;>!:ll :ffi M'tVM 11QPsa] :'lM'tV!t :ffi; OtT/yl]aovrat ® :'l::l'ml;>1il, 11QPs• carr (:'l::l'l"'l;>,il,*) :ffi (1':[1-)] 1l'11;>1il, :ffiq mss@ (xai rilv psyaA-waVVT/V aov) · ,!JOM llQPsa] :'ll,!:lOM ;JR@ms(8tT/rl]aopaz avrl]v); 1,!)0' ® (8tT/yl]aov­rat) 1'tV:!7~ 1;>1::J:l i'OM1 ,,,:Ji:l 0';"11l;>M \ l~Ml 11QPsa ;Jrrms (Ken #142) ® (v 13•: mara~ XV{?lO~ iv [ + m'iotv = 1;>1::J:J @mss] roi~ A-6yot~ avrov I xal oaw~ iv niim roi~ lfgyoz~ avrov). The l-strophe; cf. v 17] > ;JR 711l 11 QPsa* ] 7111l 11 QPsa corr :JR; 8{8w~ ® [ VAR and ORTH ?] ;,~l;>::J1M 11QPsa*] pr. l"'M 11QPsa corr :ffi(Ol;>::JM l"'M) :'l::li' \ l"'M :'ll"'M nm!:l 11 QPsa @ ( avo{yst~ au riJV xsiga aov) ] 1i' l"'M nm!:l ;m (> :'ll"'!t; cf. l"'!t foil.) ;,,;,, :n,p 11QPs• (cf. ®) ] + ,tVM l;>::Jl;> 1'M,j:' l;>::Jl;> :ffi® (scribal error [:11,j:'-11,:J], but there should be and are 14 words in v 18 with there­frain; cf. col. XVI 9) :'llmM:l 11QPsa] l"'~!t:l :ffi® ,,!t,' 11QPsa] ,,:J:'l!t :JR® ,tVi1j:' OW l"'M 11 QPsa ;mmss(Ken #38 and # 142) ] ,tVij:' OW :JR [i:!l' ], ol;>137? ,~tV,,,,_, :11:1' ,,,,_ 11QPs• refrain ] shorter refrain ol;>:!l'l;> i:!71 :ffi® (i:!71 ol;>:!l'l;> are the last words of the 11QPsa refrain). Note also the addendum (cf. BHS n. 21a-a and 115:18) in ;}Rmss(Ken): ,,,_l ,lnl!t, :1' 1?1;>;, ol;>,:!l' i:!71 ;,mm :1'; si~ rov aiwva xal si~ rov aiwva rov aiwvo~ ® p'1::Jll;> l"'M,l 11QPs• (subscript; cf. col. XXVII)] > :ffi® Short composition preceding Ps 154 11QPs• (?)] ? :ffi® pr. Ps 105 4QPse(?) 11QPs•] pr. Ps 145 ;JR@ [144] ,,m,,:Jl ... f'1M:'l ~;.,, ;,,;,,~ [m:!7'] ... 01l'1' 11QPs• (+verse; cf. Ps 33:8; 145:10-12)] m:!l'' ... 01l'1' :JR® pr. Ps 106 (v 48 ;,,,;;[;,] j[~!t]) 4QPsa ] pr. Ps 104 11 QPs• 4QPse (recon­structed); pr. Ps 146 :ffi® [145] pr. Ps 104 4QPse(reconstructed) 11 QPsa ] pr. Ps 106 4QPsd; pr. Ps 146 :JR® [145] ;il;>;,n 0':!7l ~,Ml ,l[,]Ml;>~t ;,,m ;,,]1(5 U':'ll;>M ;,,~l (dittogr.?) 4QPsa ] ;,l;>;,n :'l,!tl 0':!7l '::J ,l':'l,l;>M ;,,~l 11QPsa(vid., ;,?;,[, spacing) :ffi; IJ!aA­

J.lO~ · up &cp l}pwv 1}8vvfJdT/ alvsm~ ® :1l;>ni 4QPsa ® (xai ariag)] :Jl;>n ;m [O'tl!)tV ]i,, 4QPsd :ffi® ( + suff. 3 sing.) ] l:l'O!:ltV~ 11 QPs•

Variant Readings of the Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls

Cl!~i,:-t 1;.:~. 11QPsa ® (ovx e8ryAWC1£V avroi,;)] O,l!i~ 1;.:~. m pr. Ps 146 11QPsa] pr. Ps 147 ;)R@ [146-147]

363

147:20 148:1 148:1 ,1;.1;.;, llQPs•] pr. :-t~ ,?~;o;, ;)R@ (+ 'Ayya{ov xai Zaxal?{ov; only 'AUry­

Aovia ®mss) 148:1 148:4 148:5 149:1 149:9

150:1

150:3 150:6 150:6fin

o~~w~ ;,,;,~ ,1;.1;.;, 11QPsa] o~~w;, 7~ ;,,;,~ rut ,?~;o;, ;)R

o~~wl;o l;o17~ 11QPsa] o~~w;, l;o17~ ;m ,1;.1;.;, 11QPsa] ,~;o~;o;,~ ;)R@ pr. Ps 143 11QPsa] pr. Ps 148 ;)R@ ,l!'i,i' Oll i;oN,lV~ ~~:~.1;. ,~;~on i;o1::>l;o 11QPsa ;:n"tms(Ken #40 [Oll ... 1;.:::>1;. 1:J1,i' ]); cf. Ps 148:14] ,~;~on 1;.:::>1;. ;)R@ i;oN ,1;.1;.;, 11QPsa ;JRmss(Ken) ®mss (haplography?, cf. ®)] pr. [;,~ ,1;.1;.;,] MasPs\?) ;)R@ ( 'AUry)._ovia); + 'Ayya{ov xai Zaxal?{ou lil3mss; cf. 145[146]:1; 146[147]:1, etc. l71i'l"I:J 11QPsa] lli'l"I:J MasPsb m [ ORTH and VAR]

[;,~w~];, MasPsb(?) ;)R®] m~w~;, llQPsa + 6 or 7 compositions 11 QPsa ] end of Psalter MasPsb JR; + Psalm 151 ®

5.6 Compositions Lacking in the Massoretic Psalter

151AB Ps 151AB llQPs• ®] > ;)R

151AB pr. Ps 134 llQPs•] pr. Ps 150 ®®ms La;> ;)R

151B End of Psalter llQPsa[151 AB] ®La] Ps 150 ends PsalterJR Last Words David's Last Words(= 2 Sam 23:1-7) llQPsa] > Psalter;Jl((53 Last Words l"l~~~~n fl71 11QPsa (Sanders: read m~~~n?, cf. Ps 57:5) ] > Psalter JR(~;

n~~n fl71 2 Sam 23:7 ;JR® Last Words ~i,tv llQPsa* 2 Sam 23:7 ;JR] ~,l!' 11 QPsa corr (eras.) Sirach 51 Sirach 51:13-30 [some reconstr.] 11QPsa] > ;JR; > Psalter (!!3(0 La 154:1-19 Ps 154 [ = Ps II in ®]:1-19 11QPsa] > ;JR® 155:1-19 Ps 155 [= Psiiiin®]:l-1911QPsa] > ;JR® Apocr. Pss Three Songs against Demons llQPsApa] > 11QPsa ;)R® Apostr. Zion Apostrophe to Zion 4QP/ 11QPsa llQPsb] > ;)R@ Apostr. Zion pr. Ps 109 4QPsf] pr. Sir 51:1-23[13-30] 11QPsa; > ;)1((,53

Apostr.Judah Apostrophe to Judah 4QPsf] > 11QPsa ;JR® Catena Catena of Ps 118 11 QPsa 11 QPsb ] > ;JR® Catena pr. Ps 136 llQPsa] > ;JR®;? 11QPsb David's CompDavid's Compositions 11QPsa] > ;JR® Eschat. Hymn Eschatological Hymn 4QP/] > 11QPsa ;)Jl(~ Hymn Hymn to the Creator t > ;JR® Plea for Deliverance llQPsa llQPs ] > ;m®

6. Bibliography

Primary Sources and Listings of Variants:

Bardtke, H., "Librum Psalmorum," inK. Elliger and W. Rudolph (eds.), Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelstiftung 1966-77).

364 PETER w. FLINT

Fitzmyer, ]. A., The Dead Sea Scrolls. Major Publications and Tools for Study (rev. ed., SBLRBS 20; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1990).

Flint, P. W., "The Psalters at Qumran and the Book of Psalms." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Notre Dame, USA (1993) 54-106.

- "Methods for Determining Relationships Among the Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls," in M. 0. Wise et al ( eds. ), Methods of Investigation of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Khirbet Qumran Site: Present Realities and Future Prospects (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 722; New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 1994) 197-209 + 210-211 (discussion).

- The Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls and the Book of Psalms (STDJ 17; Leiden: Brill, 1997) 86-116.

Kennicott, B. (ed.), Vetus Testamentum Hebraicum cum Variis Lectionibus (2 vols.; Ox­ford: Clarendon Press, 1776-80).

Kittel, R. (ed.), Biblia Hebraica (16th ed.; Stuttgart: Wiirttembergische Bibelanstalt, 1971 ).

Ouellette,]., "Variantes Qumraniennes du livre des Psaumes," RevQ 7125 (1969) 105-23.

Rahlfs, A. (ed.), Psalmi cum Odis. Septuaginta, Vetus Testamentum Graecum, Auctoritate Academiae Scientiarum Gottingensis editum X (3rd ed.; Gottingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 1979).

Reed, S.A., The Dead Sea Scrolls Catalogue: Documents, Photographs and Museum Inven­tory Numbers, revised by Marilyn ]. Lundberg with the collaboration of Michael ]. Phelps. (SBLRBS 32; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1994 ).

Rossi,]. B. de, Variae Lectiones Veteris Testamenti ( 4 vols.; Parma, 1784-88 [ repr. Am­sterdam, 1969] ).

Sanders, J.A., The Psalms Scroll of Qumran Cave 11 [11QPsa] (DJD IV; Oxford: Cla­rendon Press, 1965 ).

- The Dead Sea Psalms Scroll (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1967). Skehan, P. W., "Qumran and Old Testament Criticism," in M. Delcor (ed.), Qumran. Sa

pih{, sa theologie et son milieu (BETL 46; Paris: Editions Duculot; Leuven: Leuven University Press, 1978) 163-82, esp. 173-82.

Ulrich, E., "An Index of the Passages in the Biblical Manuscripts from the Jude an Desert (Part 2: Isaiah-Chronicles)," Dead Sea Discoveries 2 (1995) 86-107.

Secondary Sources:

Aejmelaeus, A., "What Can We Know about the Hebrew Vorlage of the Septuagint?," ZA W 99 ( 1987) 58-89.

Barr, J., "Translators' Handling of Verb Tense in Semantically Ambiguous Contexts," in C. Cox ( ed. ), VI Congress of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies, jerusalem 1986 (SCS 23; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1987) 381-403.

Brooke, G. and B.Lindars (eds.)., Septuagint, Scrolls and Cognate Writings. Papers Pre­sented to the International Symposium on the Septuagint and Its Relations to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Other Writings (SBLSCS 33; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1992).

Caloz, M., Etude sur la LXX origenienne du Psautier (OBO 19; Freibourg, Suisse: Editi­ons Universitaires; Gottingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 1978).

Cook, J., "On the Relationship between 11QPsa and the Septuagint on the Basis of the Computerized Data Base (CAQP)," in G. Brooke and B. Lindars ( eds. ), Septuagint, Scrolls and Cognate Writings. Papers Presented to the International Symposium on the

Variant Readings of the Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls 365

Septuagint and Its Relations to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Other Writings (SBLSCS 33; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1992) 107-30.

Flint, P. W., "The Psalters at Qumran and the Book of Psalms." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Notre Dame, USA (1993) 199-207.

- "The Psalms from the Judaean Desert and the Septuagint Psalter," in L. Green spoon and 0. Munnich (eds.), VIII Congress of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies, Paris 1992 (SBLSCS 41; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 199 5) 203-17.

- The Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls and the Book of Psalms (STDJ 17; Leiden: Brill, 1997) 228-36.

Hedley, P. L., "The Gottingen Investigation and Edition of the Septuagint," HTR 26 (1933) 57-72.

Hiebert, R.J. V., The 'Syrohexaplaric' Psalter (SBLSCS 27; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1989).

Jellicoe, S., The Septuagint and Modern Study (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968; rcpr. Wi­nona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1989).

McCarter, P. Kyle, Textual Criticism. Recovering the Text of the Hebrew Bible (Guides to Biblical Scholarship; Philadelphia: Fortress, 1986 ).

Olofsson, S., The LXX Version. A Guide to the Translation Technique of the Old Testa­ment (ConBOT 30; Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell, 1990).

- God is My Rock. A Study a/Translation Technique and Theological Exegesis in the Sep­tuagint (ConBOT 31; Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell, 1990).

Pietersma, A., "The Greek Psalter: A Question of Methodology and Syntax," VT 25 (1976) 60-69.

- "Proto-Lucian and the Greek Psalter," VT 37 (1977) 66-72. - Two Manuscripts of the Greek Psalter (AB 77; Rome: Biblical Institute Press) 1978. - "David in the Greek Psalms," VT 30 (1980) 213-26. - "The Edited Text of P. Bodmer XXIV," BASP 17 (1980) 67-79. - "Septuagint Research: A Plea for a Return to Basic Issues," VT35 (1985) 296-311. - "Ra 2110 (P.Bodmer XXIV) and the Text of the Greek Psalter," in D.Fraenkel,

U. Quast and]. Wm Wevers (eds.), Studien zur Septuaginta- Robert Hanhart zu Ehren (MSU 20; Gottingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 1990) 262-86.

- "Articulation in the Greek Psalms: The Evidence of Papyrus Bodmer XXIV," in G.J. Norton and S. Pisano (eds.), Tradition of the Text. Studies offered to Dominique Barthelemy in Celebration of his 70th Birthday (OBO 109; Freiburg, Schweiz: Univer­sitatsverlag; Gottingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 199 I) 184-202.

Sailhammer, J., The Translational Technique of the Greek Septuagint for the Hebrew Verbs and Participles in Psalms 3-41 (Studies in Biblical Greek 2; New York: Peter Lang, 1991 ).

Swete, H. B., An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek (2nd ed, rev. by R. R. Ottley; Cambridge: UniversitY Press, 1914 [repr. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1989]).

Voitila, A., "La Technique de traduction du yiqtol (l'imparfait hebreu) dans l'histoire de Joseph grecque (Gen 37, 39-50)," in C. Cox (ed.), VII Congress a/the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies, Leuven 1989 (SCS 31; Atlanta: Scho­lars Press, 1991) 223-37.

- "What the Translation of Tenses Tells about the Septuagint Translators," Scandina­vian journal a/the Old Testament 10 (1996), 183-196.