-
Drift of solar constants for the Earth (1), Venus (2) and Marc
(3) due to increasing of Suns luminosity. Within an interval formed
by carves 4 and 5 the Earths type of climate is not principally
varied.
1
976.42857142861864.9785714286419.86428571431503.7492.12
988.71069182391888.4374213836425.14559748431503.7492.12
1001.30573248411912.4939490446430.56146496821503.7492.12
1014.22580645161937.1712903226436.11709677421503.7492.12
1027.48366013071962.4937908497441.81797385621503.7492.12
1041.09271523181988.4870860927447.66986754971503.7492.12
1041.09271523181988.4870860927447.66986754971503.7492.12
1055.0671140942015.1781879195453.67885906041503.7492.12
1069.42176870752042.5955782313459.85136054421503.7492.12
1084.17241379312070.7693103448466.1941379311503.7492.12
1099.33566433572099.7311188811472.71433566431503.7492.12
1114.92907801422129.5145390071479.41950354611503.7492.12
1114.92907801422129.5145390071479.41950354611503.7492.12
1130.97122302162160.1550359712486.31762589931503.7492.12
1147.48175182482191.6901459854493.41715328471503.7492.12
1164.48148148152224.1596296296500.7270370371503.7492.12
1181.9924812032257.6056390977508.25676691731503.7492.12
1200.03816793892292.0729007634516.01641221371503.7492.12
1200.03816793892292.0729007634516.01641221371503.7492.12
1218.64341085272327.6089147287524.01666666671503.7492.12
1237.83464566932364.2641732284532.26889763781503.7492.12
1257.642402.0924540.78521503.7492.12
1278.08943089432441.1508130081549.57845528461503.7492.12
1299.21487603312481.5004132231558.66239669421503.7492.12
1299.21487603312481.5004132231558.66239669421503.7492.12
1321.05042016812523.206302521568.05168067231503.7492.12
1343.63247863252566.338034188577.7619658121503.7492.12
13672610.97587.811503.7492.12
1391.19469026552657.1818584071598.21371681421503.7492.12
1416.26126126132705.059009009608.99234234231503.7492.12
1416.26126126132705.059009009608.99234234231503.7492.12
1442.2477064222754.693119266620.16651376151503.7492.12
1469.20560747662806.1827102804631.7584112151503.7492.12
1497.19047619052859.6338095238643.79190476191503.7492.12
1526.26213592232915.1606796116656.29271844661503.7492.12
1556.48514851482972.8866336634669.28861386141503.7492.12
1
2
3
4
5
109 years
W/m2
1
12345
0976.42857142861864.9785714286419.86428571431503.7492.12
0.2988.71069182391888.4374213836425.14559748431503.7492.12
0.41001.30573248411912.4939490446430.56146496821503.7492.12
0.61014.22580645161937.1712903226436.11709677421503.7492.12
0.81027.48366013071962.4937908497441.81797385621503.7492.12
11041.09271523181988.4870860927447.66986754971503.7492.12
11041.09271523181988.4870860927447.66986754971503.7492.12
1.21055.0671140942015.1781879195453.67885906041503.7492.12
1.41069.42176870752042.5955782313459.85136054421503.7492.12
1.61084.17241379312070.7693103448466.1941379311503.7492.12
1.81099.33566433572099.7311188811472.71433566431503.7492.12
21114.92907801422129.5145390071479.41950354611503.7492.12
21114.92907801422129.5145390071479.41950354611503.7492.12
2.21130.97122302162160.1550359712486.31762589931503.7492.12
2.41147.48175182482191.6901459854493.41715328471503.7492.12
2.61164.48148148152224.1596296296500.7270370371503.7492.12
2.81181.9924812032257.6056390977508.25676691731503.7492.12
31200.03816793892292.0729007634516.01641221371503.7492.12
31200.03816793892292.0729007634516.01641221371503.7492.12
3.21218.64341085272327.6089147287524.01666666671503.7492.12
3.41237.83464566932364.2641732284532.26889763781503.7492.12
3.61257.642402.0924540.78521503.7492.12
3.81278.08943089432441.1508130081549.57845528461503.7492.12
41299.21487603312481.5004132231558.66239669421503.7492.12
41299.21487603312481.5004132231558.66239669421503.7492.12
4.21321.05042016812523.206302521568.05168067231503.7492.12
4.41343.63247863252566.338034188577.7619658121503.7492.12
4.613672610.97587.811503.7492.12
4.81391.19469026552657.1818584071598.21371681421503.7492.12
51416.26126126132705.059009009608.99234234231503.7492.12
51416.26126126132705.059009009608.99234234231503.7492.12
5.21442.2477064222754.693119266620.16651376151503.7492.12
5.41469.20560747662806.1827102804631.7584112151503.7492.12
5.61497.19047619052859.6338095238643.79190476191503.7492.12
5.81526.26213592232915.1606796116656.29271844661503.7492.12
61556.48514851482972.8866336634669.28861386141503.7492.12
1
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
1
2
3
4
5
, .
/2
2
3
-
Variation of 2 concentration in the atmosphere
3
274.51700170017001700
2703530353035303530
2526800680068006800
2577500750075007500
2599140914091409140
24512930129301293012930
29316250162501625016250
194.520090200902009020090
20024390243902439024390
19829720297202972029720
22330910309103091030910
20732800328003280032800
21034870348703487034870
20738660386603866038660
178.542310423104231042310
20044350443504435044350
207.746220462204622046220
20150150501505015050150
20151770517705177051770
21953860538605386053860
214.555780557805578055780
206.557800578005780057800
20159770597705977059770
19262080620806208062080
19363960639606396063960
205.566540665406654066540
226.568490684906849068490
24370770707707077070770
23572690726907269072690
230.574720747207472074720
219.576860768607686076860
222.580900809008090080900
23482920829208292082920
218.884700847008470084700
21086680866808668086680
221.588520885208852088520
22690630906309063090630
23492700927009270092700
226.594940949409494094940
23696810968109681096810
22598950989509895098950
229101040101040101040101040
238.5103130103130103130103130
234.5105620105620105620105620
244107650107650107650107650
235.5110510110510110510110510
240112700112700112700112700
276115290115290115290115290
271.5117410117410117410117410
280119500119500119500119500
271121430121430121430121430
265.3123380123380123380123380
267124880124880124880124880
275126770126770126770126770
265.5128780128780128780128780
275130460130460130460130460
266132280132280132280132280
296.5134170134170134170134170
266136170136170136170136170
246.5138410138410138410138410
231140430140430140430140430
217143370143370143370143370
191146340146340146340146340
200.5150700150700150700150700
191.3154970154970154970154970
195.5159690159690159690159690
244276.8244244244
224276.6224224224
197279.7197197197
172283.8172172172
149283.1149149149
145287.4145145145
141286.8141141141
134288.2134134134
119289.3119119119
114289.5114114114
110290.3110110110
101292.3101101101
89295.8898989
85294.8858585
83296.9838383
79299.2797979
73300.5737373
67301.6676767
61305.5616161
53306.6535353
45307.9454545
35312.7353535
2929315.52929
2828316.42828
2727317.22727
2626317.32626
25253182525
2323318.62323
2222319.12222
2121321.32121
2020321.62020
1919322.41919
1818324.11818
1717324.81717
1616325.91616
1515327.41515
1414328.31414
1313329.41313
1212330.51212
1111331.91111
1010333.61010
99334.899
88336.988
77338.177
66339.366
5534155
44342.544
33343.633
22345.222
11346.911
639639639639287
199199199199283
279279279279282
359359359359279
399399399399280
489489489489281
589589589589288
569569569569283
559559559559279
689689689689285
699699699699279
779779779779280
799799799799273
849849849849282
899899899899278
989989989989278
1039103910391039278
1079107910791079274
129129129290129
189189189287189
239239239281239
299299299279299
409409409280409
479479479280479
519519519283519
579579579281579
1
2
3
4
5
years from 1980 to past (logarithmical scale)
ppmv
1
12345
1700274.5
3530270
6800252
7500257
9140259
12930245
16250293
20090194.5
24390200
29720198
30910223
32800207
34870210
38660207
42310178.5
44350200
46220207.7
50150201
51770201
53860219
55780214.5
57800206.5
59770201
62080192
63960193
66540205.5
68490226.5
70770243
72690235
74720230.5
76860219.5
80900222.5
82920234
84700218.8
86680210
88520221.5
90630226
92700234
94940226.5
96810236
98950225
101040229
103130238.5
105620234.5
107650244
110510235.5
112700240
115290276
117410271.5
119500280
121430271
123380265.3
124880267
126770275
128780265.5
130460275
132280266
134170296.5
136170266
138410246.5
140430231
143370217
146340191
150700200.5
154970191.3
159690195.5
244276.8
224276.6
197279.7
172283.8
149283.1
145287.4
141286.8
134288.2
119289.3
114289.5
110290.3
101292.3
89295.8
85294.8
83296.9
79299.2
73300.5
67301.6
61305.5
53306.6
45307.9
35312.7
29315.5
28316.4
27317.2
26317.3
25318
23318.6
22319.1
21321.3
20321.6
19322.4
18324.1
17324.8
16325.9
15327.4
14328.3
13329.4
12330.5
11331.9
10333.6
9334.8
8336.9
7338.1
6339.3
5341
4342.5
3343.6
2345.2
1346.9
639287
199283
279282
359279
399280
489281
589288
569283
559279
689285
699279
779280
799273
849282
899278
989278
1039278
1079274
129290
189287
239281
299279
409280
479280
519283
579281
1
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
1
2
3
( 1990 ),
ppmv
2
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
1
2
3
4
5
( ), 1990.
ppmv
3
1234
1744276.8
1764276.6
1791279.7
1816283.8
1839283.1
1843287.4
1847286.8
1854288.2
1869289.3
1874289.5
1878290.3
1887292.3
1899295.8
1903294.8
1905296.9
1909299.2
1915300.5
1921301.6
1927305.5
1935306.6
1943307.9
1953312.7
1959316.1
1960317
1961317
1962318.6
1963319.1
1965320.4
1966321.1
1967322
1968322.8
1969324.2
1970325.5
1971326.5
1972327.6
1973329.8
1974330.4
1975331
1976332.1
1977333.6
1978335.2
1979336.5
1980338.4
1981339.5
1982340.8
1983342.8
1984344.3
1985345.7
1986346.9
1987348.6
1988351.2
1860290
1800287
1750281
1690279
1580280
1510280
1470283
1410281
1350287
1790283
1710282
1630279
1590280
1500281
1400288
1420283
1430279
1300285
1290279
1210280
1190273
1140282
1090278
1000278
950278
910274
3
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
1
2
3
4
ppmv
12
1959315.5316.1
1960316.4317
1961317.2317
1962317.3318.6
1963318319.1
1965318.6320.4
1966319.1321.1
1967321.3322
1968321.6322.8
1969322.4324.2
1970324.1325.5
1971324.8326.5
1972325.9327.6
1973327.4329.8
1974328.3330.4
1975329.4331
1976330.5332.1
1977331.9333.6
1978333.6335.2
1979334.8336.5
1980336.9338.4
1981338.1339.5
1982339.3340.8
1983341342.8
1984342.5344.3
1985343.6345.7
1986345.2346.9
1987346.9348.6
1988348.9351.2
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
1
2
ppmv
7
315.5316.1
316.4317
317.2317
317.3318.6
318319.1
318.6320.4
319.1321.1
321.3322
321.6322.8
322.4324.2
324.1325.5
324.8326.5
325.9327.6
327.4329.8
328.3330.4
329.4331
330.5332.1
331.9333.6
333.6335.2
334.8336.5
336.9338.4
338.1339.5
339.3340.8
341342.8
342.5344.3
343.6345.7
345.2346.9
346.9348.6
348.9351.2
1
2
years
ppmv
1
123
1700274.5
3530270
6800252
7500257
9140259
12930245
16250293
20090194.5
24390200
29720198
30910223
32800207
34870210
38660207
42310178.5
44350200
46220207.7
50150201
51770201
53860219
55780214.5
57800206.5
59770201
62080192
63960193
66540205.5
68490226.5
70770243
72690235
74720230.5
76860219.5
80900222.5
82920234
84700218.8
86680210
88520221.5
90630226
92700234
94940226.5
96810236
98950225
101040229
103130238.5
105620234.5
107650244
110510235.5
112700240
115290276
117410271.5
119500280
121430271
123380265.3
124880267
126770275
128780265.5
130460275
132280266
134170296.5
136170266
138410246.5
140430231
143370217
146340191
150700200.5
154970191.3
159690195.5
244276.8
224276.6
197279.7
172283.8
149283.1
145287.4
141286.8
134288.2
119289.3
114289.5
110290.3
101292.3
89295.8
85294.8
83296.9
79299.2
73300.5
67301.6
61305.5
53306.6
45307.9
35312.7
29316.1
28317
27317
26318.6
25319.1
23320.4
22321.1
21322
20322.8
19324.2
18325.5
17326.5
16327.6
15329.8
14330.4
13331
12332.1
11333.6
10335.2
9336.5
8338.4
7339.5
6340.8
5342.8
4344.3
3345.7
2346.9
1348.6
1
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
1
2
3
( 1990 ),
ppmv
2
12
1744276.8
1764276.6
1791279.7
1816283.8
1839283.1
1843287.4
1847286.8
1854288.2
1869289.3
1874289.5
1878290.3
1887292.3
1899295.8
1903294.8
1905296.9
1909299.2
1915300.5
1921301.6
1927305.5
1935306.6
1943307.9
1953312.7
1959316.1
1960317
1961317
1962318.6
1963319.1
1965320.4
1966321.1
1967322
1968322.8
1969324.2
1970325.5
1971326.5
1972327.6
1973329.8
1974330.4
1975331
1976332.1
1977333.6
1978335.2
1979336.5
1980338.4
1981339.5
1982340.8
1983342.8
1984344.3
1985345.7
1986346.9
1987348.6
1988351.2
2
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
1
2
ppmv
3
12
1959315.5316.1
1960316.4317
1961317.2317
1962317.3318.6
1963318319.1
1965318.6320.4
1966319.1321.1
1967321.3322
1968321.6322.8
1969322.4324.2
1970324.1325.5
1971324.8326.5
1972325.9327.6
1973327.4329.8
1974328.3330.4
1975329.4331
1976330.5332.1
1977331.9333.6
1978333.6335.2
1979334.8336.5
1980336.9338.4
1981338.1339.5
1982339.3340.8
1983341342.8
1984342.5344.3
1985343.6345.7
1986345.2346.9
1987346.9348.6
1988348.9351.2
3
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
1
2
ppmv
1
640557
870532
570505
1750483
1290462
1270442
870425
860409
870390
1230386
1800354
2990334
1220302
2470270
880246
900230
1660216
1120199
1200177
1580160
2310143
1480117
178084
76062
120047
32031
76017
4505.5
0250
1
2
Ma, before present
ppmv
1
12
557640
532870
505570
4831750
4621290
4421270
425870
409860
390870
3861230
3541800
3342990
3021220
2702470
246880
230900
2161660
1991120
1771200
1601580
1432310
1171480
841780
62760
471200
31320
17760
5.5450
0250
1
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
1
2
.
ppmv
2
3
-
Temperature deviation from todays value 1 calculation [Budyko et
al., 1985] 2 interpretation of proxy indicators [Frakes, 1979]
1
2.91.3
3.93.9
2.32.6
7.71.3
6.51.3
6.6-3.9
4.71.3
4.80
5.10
6.61.3
8.32.6
113.9
5-9.1
8-6.5
6.22
6.22.6
8.77.8
7.13.9
7.73.9
9.35.2
10.910.3
9.28.9
10.49.9
6.77.8
8.57.8
2.83.9
6.45.2
3.42.6
00
1
2
106 years BP
temperature deviation from present-day
1
12
557640
532870
505570
4831750
4621290
4421270
425870
409860
390870
3861230
3541800
3342990
3021220
2702470
246880
230900
2161660
1991120
1771200
1601580
1432310
1171480
841780
62760
471200
31320
17760
5.5450
0250
1
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
1
2
.
ppmv
2
12
5572.91.3
5323.93.9
5052.32.6
4837.71.3
4626.51.3
4426.6-3.9
4254.71.3
4094.80
3905.10
3866.61.3
3548.32.6
334113.9
3025-9.1
2708-6.5
2466.22
2306.22.6
2168.77.8
1997.13.9
1777.73.9
1609.35.2
14310.910.3
1179.28.9
8410.49.9
626.77.8
478.57.8
312.83.9
176.45.2
5.53.42.6
000
2
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
1
2
.
3
-
Variation of 2 concentration in the atmosphere
3
274.51700170017001700
2703530353035303530
2526800680068006800
2577500750075007500
2599140914091409140
24512930129301293012930
29316250162501625016250
194.520090200902009020090
20024390243902439024390
19829720297202972029720
22330910309103091030910
20732800328003280032800
21034870348703487034870
20738660386603866038660
178.542310423104231042310
20044350443504435044350
207.746220462204622046220
20150150501505015050150
20151770517705177051770
21953860538605386053860
214.555780557805578055780
206.557800578005780057800
20159770597705977059770
19262080620806208062080
19363960639606396063960
205.566540665406654066540
226.568490684906849068490
24370770707707077070770
23572690726907269072690
230.574720747207472074720
219.576860768607686076860
222.580900809008090080900
23482920829208292082920
218.884700847008470084700
21086680866808668086680
221.588520885208852088520
22690630906309063090630
23492700927009270092700
226.594940949409494094940
23696810968109681096810
22598950989509895098950
229101040101040101040101040
238.5103130103130103130103130
234.5105620105620105620105620
244107650107650107650107650
235.5110510110510110510110510
240112700112700112700112700
276115290115290115290115290
271.5117410117410117410117410
280119500119500119500119500
271121430121430121430121430
265.3123380123380123380123380
267124880124880124880124880
275126770126770126770126770
265.5128780128780128780128780
275130460130460130460130460
266132280132280132280132280
296.5134170134170134170134170
266136170136170136170136170
246.5138410138410138410138410
231140430140430140430140430
217143370143370143370143370
191146340146340146340146340
200.5150700150700150700150700
191.3154970154970154970154970
195.5159690159690159690159690
244276.8244244244
224276.6224224224
197279.7197197197
172283.8172172172
149283.1149149149
145287.4145145145
141286.8141141141
134288.2134134134
119289.3119119119
114289.5114114114
110290.3110110110
101292.3101101101
89295.8898989
85294.8858585
83296.9838383
79299.2797979
73300.5737373
67301.6676767
61305.5616161
53306.6535353
45307.9454545
35312.7353535
2929315.52929
2828316.42828
2727317.22727
2626317.32626
25253182525
2323318.62323
2222319.12222
2121321.32121
2020321.62020
1919322.41919
1818324.11818
1717324.81717
1616325.91616
1515327.41515
1414328.31414
1313329.41313
1212330.51212
1111331.91111
1010333.61010
99334.899
88336.988
77338.177
66339.366
5534155
44342.544
33343.633
22345.222
11346.911
639639639639287
199199199199283
279279279279282
359359359359279
399399399399280
489489489489281
589589589589288
569569569569283
559559559559279
689689689689285
699699699699279
779779779779280
799799799799273
849849849849282
899899899899278
989989989989278
1039103910391039278
1079107910791079274
129129129290129
189189189287189
239239239281239
299299299279299
409409409280409
479479479280479
519519519283519
579579579281579
1
2
3
4
5
years from 1980 to past (logarithmical scale)
ppmv
1
12345
1700274.5
3530270
6800252
7500257
9140259
12930245
16250293
20090194.5
24390200
29720198
30910223
32800207
34870210
38660207
42310178.5
44350200
46220207.7
50150201
51770201
53860219
55780214.5
57800206.5
59770201
62080192
63960193
66540205.5
68490226.5
70770243
72690235
74720230.5
76860219.5
80900222.5
82920234
84700218.8
86680210
88520221.5
90630226
92700234
94940226.5
96810236
98950225
101040229
103130238.5
105620234.5
107650244
110510235.5
112700240
115290276
117410271.5
119500280
121430271
123380265.3
124880267
126770275
128780265.5
130460275
132280266
134170296.5
136170266
138410246.5
140430231
143370217
146340191
150700200.5
154970191.3
159690195.5
244276.8
224276.6
197279.7
172283.8
149283.1
145287.4
141286.8
134288.2
119289.3
114289.5
110290.3
101292.3
89295.8
85294.8
83296.9
79299.2
73300.5
67301.6
61305.5
53306.6
45307.9
35312.7
29315.5
28316.4
27317.2
26317.3
25318
23318.6
22319.1
21321.3
20321.6
19322.4
18324.1
17324.8
16325.9
15327.4
14328.3
13329.4
12330.5
11331.9
10333.6
9334.8
8336.9
7338.1
6339.3
5341
4342.5
3343.6
2345.2
1346.9
639287
199283
279282
359279
399280
489281
589288
569283
559279
689285
699279
779280
799273
849282
899278
989278
1039278
1079274
129290
189287
239281
299279
409280
479280
519283
579281
1
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
1
2
3
( 1990 ),
ppmv
2
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
1
2
3
4
5
( ), 1990.
ppmv
3
1234
1744276.8
1764276.6
1791279.7
1816283.8
1839283.1
1843287.4
1847286.8
1854288.2
1869289.3
1874289.5
1878290.3
1887292.3
1899295.8
1903294.8
1905296.9
1909299.2
1915300.5
1921301.6
1927305.5
1935306.6
1943307.9
1953312.7
1959316.1
1960317
1961317
1962318.6
1963319.1
1965320.4
1966321.1
1967322
1968322.8
1969324.2
1970325.5
1971326.5
1972327.6
1973329.8
1974330.4
1975331
1976332.1
1977333.6
1978335.2
1979336.5
1980338.4
1981339.5
1982340.8
1983342.8
1984344.3
1985345.7
1986346.9
1987348.6
1988351.2
1860290
1800287
1750281
1690279
1580280
1510280
1470283
1410281
1350287
1790283
1710282
1630279
1590280
1500281
1400288
1420283
1430279
1300285
1290279
1210280
1190273
1140282
1090278
1000278
950278
910274
3
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
1
2
3
4
ppmv
12
1959315.5316.1
1960316.4317
1961317.2317
1962317.3318.6
1963318319.1
1965318.6320.4
1966319.1321.1
1967321.3322
1968321.6322.8
1969322.4324.2
1970324.1325.5
1971324.8326.5
1972325.9327.6
1973327.4329.8
1974328.3330.4
1975329.4331
1976330.5332.1
1977331.9333.6
1978333.6335.2
1979334.8336.5
1980336.9338.4
1981338.1339.5
1982339.3340.8
1983341342.8
1984342.5344.3
1985343.6345.7
1986345.2346.9
1987346.9348.6
1988348.9351.2
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
1
2
ppmv
7
315.5316.1
316.4317
317.2317
317.3318.6
318319.1
318.6320.4
319.1321.1
321.3322
321.6322.8
322.4324.2
324.1325.5
324.8326.5
325.9327.6
327.4329.8
328.3330.4
329.4331
330.5332.1
331.9333.6
333.6335.2
334.8336.5
336.9338.4
338.1339.5
339.3340.8
341342.8
342.5344.3
343.6345.7
345.2346.9
346.9348.6
348.9351.2
1
2
years
ppmv
1
123
1700274.5
3530270
6800252
7500257
9140259
12930245
16250293
20090194.5
24390200
29720198
30910223
32800207
34870210
38660207
42310178.5
44350200
46220207.7
50150201
51770201
53860219
55780214.5
57800206.5
59770201
62080192
63960193
66540205.5
68490226.5
70770243
72690235
74720230.5
76860219.5
80900222.5
82920234
84700218.8
86680210
88520221.5
90630226
92700234
94940226.5
96810236
98950225
101040229
103130238.5
105620234.5
107650244
110510235.5
112700240
115290276
117410271.5
119500280
121430271
123380265.3
124880267
126770275
128780265.5
130460275
132280266
134170296.5
136170266
138410246.5
140430231
143370217
146340191
150700200.5
154970191.3
159690195.5
244276.8
224276.6
197279.7
172283.8
149283.1
145287.4
141286.8
134288.2
119289.3
114289.5
110290.3
101292.3
89295.8
85294.8
83296.9
79299.2
73300.5
67301.6
61305.5
53306.6
45307.9
35312.7
29316.1
28317
27317
26318.6
25319.1
23320.4
22321.1
21322
20322.8
19324.2
18325.5
17326.5
16327.6
15329.8
14330.4
13331
12332.1
11333.6
10335.2
9336.5
8338.4
7339.5
6340.8
5342.8
4344.3
3345.7
2346.9
1348.6
1
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
1
2
3
( 1990 ),
ppmv
2
12
1744276.8
1764276.6
1791279.7
1816283.8
1839283.1
1843287.4
1847286.8
1854288.2
1869289.3
1874289.5
1878290.3
1887292.3
1899295.8
1903294.8
1905296.9
1909299.2
1915300.5
1921301.6
1927305.5
1935306.6
1943307.9
1953312.7
1959316.1
1960317
1961317
1962318.6
1963319.1
1965320.4
1966321.1
1967322
1968322.8
1969324.2
1970325.5
1971326.5
1972327.6
1973329.8
1974330.4
1975331
1976332.1
1977333.6
1978335.2
1979336.5
1980338.4
1981339.5
1982340.8
1983342.8
1984344.3
1985345.7
1986346.9
1987348.6
1988351.2
2
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
1
2
ppmv
3
12
1959315.5316.1
1960316.4317
1961317.2317
1962317.3318.6
1963318319.1
1965318.6320.4
1966319.1321.1
1967321.3322
1968321.6322.8
1969322.4324.2
1970324.1325.5
1971324.8326.5
1972325.9327.6
1973327.4329.8
1974328.3330.4
1975329.4331
1976330.5332.1
1977331.9333.6
1978333.6335.2
1979334.8336.5
1980336.9338.4
1981338.1339.5
1982339.3340.8
1983341342.8
1984342.5344.3
1985343.6345.7
1986345.2346.9
1987346.9348.6
1988348.9351.2
3
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
1
2
ppmv
1
640557
870532
570505
1750483
1290462
1270442
870425
860409
870390
1230386
1800354
2990334
1220302
2470270
880246
900230
1660216
1120199
1200177
1580160
2310143
1480117
178084
76062
120047
32031
76017
4505.5
0250
1
2
Ma, before present
ppmv
1
12
557640
532870
505570
4831750
4621290
4421270
425870
409860
390870
3861230
3541800
3342990
3021220
2702470
246880
230900
2161660
1991120
1771200
1601580
1432310
1171480
841780
62760
471200
31320
17760
5.5450
0250
1
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
1
2
.
ppmv
2
3
-
Measured concentration of 18 O in surface planktonies [Imbrie et
al., 1984] 5e5d1261, 2, 5e, 5d, 6 are some isotopic stages
4
-2.0165
-1.43
0.64
1.79
1.33
0.87
0.985
0.87
0.64
0.41
0.64
0.985
-0.05
-0.97
-0.51
-0.28
-0.74
-0.855
-0.51
-0.74
-1.66
-2.12
0.64
1.33
1.33
1.445
1.56
0.87
0.41
0.18
0.41
0.87
-0.05
-1.43
-0.74
-0.625
-1.2
-1.2
-0.05
0.295
-0.74
-0.28
0.64
0.64
0.525
0.64
0.985
0.41
-0.05
-0.28
0.065
0.18
-0.74
-1.2
-0.74
-0.97
-1.66
-0.74
1.1
0.985
0.985
0.41
-0.05
-0.51
-0.05
-0.28
-0.74
-0.97
-1.66
-1.43
-0.97
-0.625
-0.28
0.64
1.56
1.1
0.985
0.87
0.64
0.87
0.985
-0.28
-0.97
-0.74
-0.625
-0.97
ka, BP
d18
1
0-2.0165
5.8823529-1.43
11.76470580.64
17.64705871.79
23.52941161.33
29.41176450.87
35.29411740.985
41.17647030.87
47.05882320.64
52.94117610.41
58.8235290.64
64.70588190.985
70.5882348-0.05
76.4705877-0.97
82.3529406-0.51
88.2352935-0.28
94.1176464-0.74
99.9999993-0.855
105.8823522-0.51
111.7647051-0.74
117.647058-1.66
123.5294109-2.12
129.41176380.64
135.29411671.33
141.17646961.33
147.05882251.445
152.94117541.56
158.82352830.87
164.70588120.41
170.58823410.18
176.4705870.41
182.35293990.87
188.2352928-0.05
194.1176457-1.43
199.9999986-0.74
205.8823515-0.625
211.7647044-1.2
217.6470573-1.2
223.5294102-0.05
229.41176310.295
235.294116-0.74
241.1764689-0.28
247.05882180.64
252.94117470.64
258.82352760.525
264.70588050.64
270.58823340.985
276.47058630.41
282.3529392-0.05
288.2352921-0.28
294.1176450.065
299.99999790.18
305.8823508-0.74
311.7647037-1.2
317.6470566-0.74
323.5294095-0.97
329.4117624-1.66
335.2941153-0.74
341.17646821.1
347.05882110.985
352.9411740.985
358.82352690.41
364.7058798-0.05
370.5882327-0.51
376.4705856-0.05
382.3529385-0.28
388.2352914-0.74
394.1176443-0.97
399.9999972-1.66
405.8823501-1.43
411.764703-0.97
417.6470559-0.625
423.5294088-0.28
429.41176170.64
435.29411461.56
441.17646751.1
447.05882040.985
452.94117330.87
458.82352620.64
464.70587910.87
470.5882320.985
476.4705849-0.28
482.3529378-0.97
488.2352907-0.74
494.1176436-0.625
499.9999965-0.97
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
t, .
d18
2
0-2.01651
5.8823529-1.43
11.76470580.64
17.64705871.792
23.52941161.33
29.41176450.87
35.29411740.985
41.17647030.873
47.05882320.64
52.94117610.41
58.8235290.644
64.70588190.985
70.5882348-0.05
76.4705877-0.97
82.3529406-0.51
88.2352935-0.28
94.1176464-0.74
99.9999993-0.855
105.8823522-0.51
111.7647051-0.74
117.647058-1.66
123.5294109-2.12
129.41176380.64
135.29411671.33
141.17646961.33
147.05882251.445
152.94117541.56
158.82352830.87
164.70588120.41
170.58823410.18
176.4705870.41
182.35293990.87
188.2352928-0.05
194.1176457-1.43
199.9999986-0.74
205.8823515-0.625
211.7647044-1.2
217.6470573-1.2
223.5294102-0.05
229.41176310.295
235.294116-0.74
241.1764689-0.28
247.05882180.64
252.94117470.64
258.82352760.525
264.70588050.64
270.58823340.985
276.47058630.41
282.3529392-0.05
288.2352921-0.28
294.1176450.065
299.99999790.18
305.8823508-0.74
311.7647037-1.2
317.6470566-0.74
323.5294095-0.97
329.4117624-1.66
335.2941153-0.74
341.17646821.1
347.05882110.985
352.9411740.985
358.82352690.41
364.7058798-0.05
370.5882327-0.51
376.4705856-0.05
382.3529385-0.28
388.2352914-0.74
394.1176443-0.97
399.9999972-1.66
405.8823501-1.43
411.764703-0.97
417.6470559-0.625
423.5294088-0.28
429.41176170.64
435.29411461.56
441.17646751.1
447.05882040.985
452.94117330.87
458.82352620.64
464.70587910.87
470.5882320.985
476.4705849-0.28
482.3529378-0.97
488.2352907-0.74
494.1176436-0.625
499.9999965-0.97
3
-
Changes of temperature in north western part of Russian Plane
(0C) [Klimanov, 1996.] JulyJanuaryYearYDAlYD Younger Dryas, Al
Allered, AT Atlantic warm eventAT
-
Northern summer temperature changes (0) [Bradley, Jones, 1993]
Temperature changes (0), based on measurements in holes Changes of
Alpian glaciers length [Oerlemans, 1994]Glaciers: 1 Untere
Grindelwaldgletscher, 2 Rhonegletscher, 3 Glacier dArgentiere
1
-0.012
-0.036
-0.096
0
-0.072
-0.12
0
-0.084
-0.024
-0.036
-0.048
-0.06
0.024
0
-0.036
-0.036
-0.096
-0.192
-0.204
-0.096
-0.216
-0.06
-0.096
-0.036
-0.12
-0.108
-0.12
-0.132
-0.084
-0.096
-0.096
-0.048
-0.06
-0.048
-0.024
-0.036
-0.036
0.006
-0.012
0.006
0
-0.108
-0.024
-0.132
-0.108
-0.06
-0.06
-0.012
-0.12
-0.048
-0.048
-0.048
0.084
0.12
0.084
0.096
0.036
0.048
years
0
1
1405-0.012
1415-0.036
1425-0.096
14350
1445-0.072
1455-0.12
14650
1475-0.084
1485-0.024
1495-0.036
1505-0.048
1515-0.06
15250.024
15350
1545-0.036
1555-0.036
1565-0.096
1575-0.192
1585-0.204
1595-0.096
1605-0.216
1615-0.06
1625-0.096
1635-0.036
1645-0.12
1655-0.108
1665-0.12
1675-0.132
1685-0.084
1695-0.096
1705-0.096
1715-0.048
1725-0.06
1735-0.048
1745-0.024
1755-0.036
1765-0.036
17750.006
1785-0.012
17950.006
18050
1815-0.108
1825-0.024
1835-0.132
1845-0.108
1855-0.06
1865-0.06
1875-0.012
1885-0.12
1895-0.048
1905-0.048
1915-0.048
19250.084
19350.12
19450.084
19550.096
19650.036
19750.048
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
2
-0.99-1.1-0.89
-0.97-1.05-0.87
-0.9-0.97-0.82
-0.78-0.82-0.73
-0.54-0.58-0.51
000
years
0
1
1505-0.99
1515
1525
1535
1545
1555
1565
1575
1585
1595
1605
1615
1625
1635
1645
1655
1665
1675
1685
1695
1705
1715
1725
1735
1745
1755
1765
1775
1785
1795
1805
1815
1825
1835
1845
1855
1865
1875
1885
1895
1905
1915
1925
1935
1945
1955
1965
1975
2
1500-0.99-1.1-0.89
1600-0.97-1.05-0.87
1700-0.9-0.97-0.82
1800-0.78-0.82-0.73
1900-0.54-0.58-0.51
2000000
2
000
000
000
000
000
000
0
3
3
151015101510
152015201520
015301530
015401540
0.215501550
156015601560
015701570
0.315801580
159015901590
0.500
161016101610
16200.30
0.30.21630
0.516401640
16500.51650
0.10.2-0.25
0.20.31670
-0.116801680
169016901690
1700-0.21700
01710-0.25
0.217201720
017301730
01740-0.4
0.1-0.21750
017601760
017701770
0.30.5-0.5
179017901790
018001800
18100.11810
0.40.60
0.41830-0.25
0.40.51840
18500.2-0.2
0.50.21860
01870-1.4
-0.5-0.151880
1890-0.21890
-0.519001900
-0.75-0.5-1.75
-0.75-0.51920
-0.6-0.31930
-0.5-0.5-1.8
-0.75-0.7-2
-1-0.8-2.1
-1.2-1-2.3
-1-0.8-2.3
-1-0.6-2.3
1
2
3
years
length of gletchers, km
1
123B-U.G
1510D-Rhone
1520C-Arg
15300
15400
15500.2
1560
15700
15800.3
1590
16000.500
1610
16200.30
16300.30.2
16400.5
16500.5
16600.10.2-0.25
16700.20.3
1680-0.1
1690
1700-0.2
17100-0.25
17200.2
17300
17400-0.4
17500.1-0.2
17600
17700
17800.30.5-0.5
1790
18000
18100.1
18200.40.60
18300.4-0.25
18400.40.5
18500.2-0.2
18600.50.2
18700-1.4
1880-0.5-0.15
1890-0.2
1900-0.5
1910-0.75-0.5-1.75
1920-0.75-0.5
1930-0.6-0.3
1940-0.5-0.5-1.8
1950-0.75-0.7-2
1960-1-0.8-2.1
1970-1.2-1-2.3
1980-1-0.8-2.3
1990-1-0.6-2.3
1
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
1
2
3
,
2
3
-
Climate dynamics and insolation change during last 140 .
Parameters of the Earths orbit103 years
BPeccentricityobliquityprecessionsummerwinterInsolation at the top
of the atmosphere18O
-
Latitude-month distribution of the difference in insolation
(W/m2) between 21 and 6 ka and the present 21 ka BP 6 ka BP
-
Equation of the general circulation model (GCM)dX/dt=F,
X=X(0)
-
Global surface air temperature 21 ka BP-control from different
GCMsSimulations forced by CLIMAP SSTsSimulations with
atmosphere-mixed layer ocean model
3
-3.9-4.2-4.1
-4.3-5-4.7
-4-4.2-4.1
-4.4-3.9-4.2
-2.9-4.1-3.3
-3.1-3.3-3.2
-3-4-3.5
-2.8-3-2.9
-3.6-3.8-3.7
djf
jja
year
0C
1 (2)
2.0ccm1gen1gen2gfdllmcelmd4mri2ugampukmo
djf-6.1-6-6.1-4.6-4.3-2-4.6-4.2-5.4
jja-6.1-6.1-4.4-3.5-3.8-2-4.6-3.6-4.2
year-6.1-6.05-5.8-4-4-2-4.6-3.9-4.8
1 (2)
djf
jja
year
0C
1
2.0ccsr1echam3gen2lmcelmd4lmcelmd5mri2msuugamp
djf-3.9-4.3-4-4.4-2.9-3.1-3-2.8-3.6
jja-4.2-5-4.2-3.9-4.1-3.3-4-3-3.8
year-4.1-4.7-4.1-4.2-3.3-3.2-3.5-2.9-3.7
1
djf
jja
year
0C
2
3
4
-6.1-6.1-6.1
-6-6.1-6.05
-6.1-4.4-5.8
-4.6-3.5-4
-4.3-3.8-4
-2-2-2
-4.6-4.6-4.6
-4.2-3.6-3.9
-5.4-4.2-4.8
djf
jja
year
0C
1 (2)
2.0ccm1gen1gen2gfdllmcelmd4mri2ugampukmo
djf-6.1-6-6.1-4.6-4.3-2-4.6-4.2-5.4
jja-6.1-6.1-4.4-3.5-3.8-2-4.6-3.6-4.2
year-6.1-6.05-5.8-4-4-2-4.6-3.9-4.8
1 (2)
djf
jja
year
0C
1
2.0ccsr1echam3gen2lmcelmd4lmcelmd5mri2msuugamp
djf-3.9-4.3-4-4.4-2.9-3.1-3-2.8-3.6
jja-4.2-5-4.2-3.9-4.1-3.3-4-3-3.8
year-4.1-4.7-4.1-4.2-3.3-3.2-3.5-2.9-3.7
1
djf
jja
year
0C
2
3
-
Mean annual temperature anomalies (LGM minus modern) averaged by
PMIP modelsSites where LGM temperatures have been reconstructed
-
Comparison between reconstructed and simulated mean annual
temperatures anomalies (LGM minus modern) over the land for all
available sites
1
-6-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8
-13-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6
-12-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6
-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6
-9-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5
-10-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5
-11-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5
-8-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4
-9-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4
-9-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4
-12-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3
-10-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4
-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11
-12-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-7.4-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8
-8.6-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10
-5.2-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5
-5.7-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5
-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-7-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5
-16-16-16-16-16-16-16-16-16-16-16-16
-3-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5
-7-17-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7
-7-17-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7
-11-9-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11
-11-14-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11
-6-15-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6
-6-6-5.5-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6
-5-5-5.2-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5
-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4
-7-7-9-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7
-12-12-12-1-12-12-12-12-12-12-12-12
-10-10-10-8-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10
-11-11-11-7-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11
-6-6-6-8-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6
-6-6-6-10-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6
-12-12-12-5-12-12-12-12-12-12-12-12
-12-12-12-6-12-12-12-12-12-12-12-12
-9-9-9-7-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-9-9-9-8-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-14-14-14-8-14-14-14-14-14-14-14-14
-14-14-14-14-8-14-14-14-14-14-14-14
-9-9-9-9-11-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-9-9-9-9-11-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-9-9-9-9-4-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-12-12-12-12-14-12-12-12-12-12-12-12
-8-8-8-8-11-8-8-8-8-8-8-8
-20-20-20-20-20-18-20-20-20-20-20-20
-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5
-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-10-5-5-5-5
-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5
-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-9.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5
-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2.5-2-2-2
-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-5.5-2-2-2
-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-5.5-2-2
-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-1.8-2-2
-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-4-3
-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-9
-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-10
-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-6
-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
model
data of reconstruction
1
-11-11
-9-12
-5-10
-5-11
-3-12
-5-10
-5-7
-7-17
-7-17
-10-8
-12-1
-11-7
-13-14
-6-10
-12-5
-12-6
-11-9
-11-14
-9-7
-6-15
-8-7
-2-5.5
-10-8.6
-6-5.5
-5-5.2
-8.5-5.2
-5-5.7
-4-4
-2-5.5
-2-2.5
-3-4
-7-9
-2.5-3
-9-9
-2-1.8
-5.5-9.5
-2-5
-18-20
-5.5-5.5
-16-16
-5-16.8
-5-19.8
-15-3.5
-11-6
-8-10
&A
&P
2
1234567891011
.-11-11
-9-12
49.11-8-7.4
48.21-10-8.6
48.12-8.5-5.2
43,5,-1,5-5-5.7
46,8,5,8-9-9
-5-7
-16-16
.-2.5-3
..-7-17
-7-17
-11-9
-11-14
--6-15
- ,-6-5.5
-5-5.2
-4-4
-7-9
-12-1
,-10-8
-11-7
.-6-8
.-6-10
-12-5
-12-6
-9-7
-9-8
-14-8
-14-8
-9-11
-9-11
-9-4
-12-14
-8-11
-20-18
-5.5-5.5
-5-10
-5-5
-5.5-9.5
-2-2.5
, -2-5.5
-2-1.8
-3-4
&A
&P
2
-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11
-12-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-7.4-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8
-8.6-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10
-5.2-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5
-5.7-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5
-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-7-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5
-16-16-16-16-16-16-16-16-16-16-16-16
-3-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5
-7-17-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7
-7-17-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7
-11-9-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11
-11-14-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11
-6-15-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6
-6-6-5.5-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6
-5-5-5.2-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5
-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4
-7-7-9-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7
-12-12-12-1-12-12-12-12-12-12-12-12
-10-10-10-8-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10
-11-11-11-7-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11
-6-6-6-8-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6
-6-6-6-10-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6
-12-12-12-5-12-12-12-12-12-12-12-12
-12-12-12-6-12-12-12-12-12-12-12-12
-9-9-9-7-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-9-9-9-8-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-14-14-14-8-14-14-14-14-14-14-14-14
-14-14-14-14-8-14-14-14-14-14-14-14
-9-9-9-9-11-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-9-9-9-9-11-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-9-9-9-9-4-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-12-12-12-12-14-12-12-12-12-12-12-12
-8-8-8-8-11-8-8-8-8-8-8-8
-20-20-20-20-20-18-20-20-20-20-20-20
-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5
-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-10-5-5-5-5
-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5
-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-9.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5
-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2.5-2-2-2
-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-5.5-2-2
-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-1.8-2-2
-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-4-3
&A
&P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
PMIP simulated data
data of reconstruction
data-model comparison of annual temperature anomalies (21 ka BP
mines present day)
3
-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11
-12-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-7.4-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8
-8.6-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10
-5.2-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5
-5.7-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5
-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-7-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5
-16-16-16-16-16-16-16-16-16-16-16
-3-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5
-7-17-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7
-7-17-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7
-11-9-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11
-11-14-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11
-6-15-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6
-6-6-5.5-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6
-5-5-5.2-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5
-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4
-7-7-9-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7
-12-12-12-1-12-12-12-12-12-12-12
-10-10-10-8-10-10-10-10-10-10-10
-11-11-11-7-11-11-11-11-11-11-11
-6-6-6-8-6-6-6-6-6-6-6
-6-6-6-10-6-6-6-6-6-6-6
-12-12-12-5-12-12-12-12-12-12-12
-12-12-12-6-12-12-12-12-12-12-12
-9-9-9-7-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-9-9-9-8-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-14-14-14-8-14-14-14-14-14-14-14
-14-14-14-14-8-14-14-14-14-14-14
-9-9-9-9-11-9-9-9-9-9-9
-9-9-9-9-11-9-9-9-9-9-9
-9-9-9-9-4-9-9-9-9-9-9
-12-12-12-12-14-12-12-12-12-12-12
-8-8-8-8-11-8-8-8-8-8-8
-20-20-20-20-20-18-20-20-20-20-20
-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5
-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-10-5-5-5
-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5
-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-9.5-5.5-5.5-5.5
-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2.5-2-2
-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-5.5-2
-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-1.8-2
-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
model
data
4
1234567891011
.10-8.4-8.5
EEPlcent5-11-11.5
- 4-5.5-5.9
9-10.1-7.5
6-10-10
1-20-18
1-5.5-5.5
3-5.2-8.2
1-2-4
, 2-2-3.7
1-3-4
&A
&P
4
-8.5-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4
-11-11.5-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11
-5.5-5.5-5.9-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5
-10.1-10.1-10.1-7.5-10.1-10.1-10.1-10.1-10.1-10.1-10.1-10.1
-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10
-20-20-20-20-20-18-20-20-20-20-20-20
-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5
-5.2-5.2-5.2-5.2-5.2-5.2-5.2-8.2-5.2-5.2-5.2-5.2
-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-4-2-2-2
-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-3.7-2-2
-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-4-3
&A
&P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
PMIP simulated data
reconstructed data
data-model comparison of annual temperature averaged
anomalies
5
-8.5-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4
-11-11.5-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11
-5.5-5.5-5.9-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5
-10.1-10.1-10.1-7.5-10.1-10.1-10.1-10.1-10.1-10.1-10.1
-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10
-20-20-20-20-20-18-20-20-20-20-20
-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5
-5.2-5.2-5.2-5.2-5.2-5.2-5.2-8.2-5.2-5.2-5.2
-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-4-2-2
-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-3.7-2
-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
model
data
2 (2)
&A
&P
6
&A
&P
7
123456789101112
-8-6
-6-13
-6-12
-6-6
-5-9
-5-10
-5-11
-4-8
-4-9
-4-9
-3-12
-4-10
.-11-11
-9-12
49.11-8-7.4
48.21-10-8.6
48.12-8.5-5.2
43,5,-1,5-5-5.7
46,8,5,8-9-9
-5-7
-16-16
.-2.5-3
..-7-17
-7-17
-11-9
-11-14
--6-15
- ,-6-5.5
-5-5.2
-4-4
-7-9
-12-1
,-10-8
-11-7
.-6-8
.-6-10
-12-5
-12-6
-9-7
-9-8
-14-8
-14-8
-9-11
-9-11
-9-4
-12-14
-8-11
-20-18
-5.5-5.5
-5-10
-5-5
-5.5-9.5
""-2-2.5
-2-5.5
, -2-5.5
-2-1.8
-3-4
-5-9
-5-10
-5-6
-5-7
&A
&P
7
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
&A
&P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PMIP simulated data
data of reconstruction
data-model comparison of annual temperature anomalies (21 ka BP
mines present day)
8
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
model
data
9
&A
&P
10
&A
&P
11
&A
&P
12
&A
&P
13
&A
&P
14
&A
&P
15
&A
&P
16
&A
&P
&A
&P
&A
&P
&A
&P
-
Comparison between reconstructed and simulated mean annual
temperatures anomalies (LGM minus modern) over the land for the
sites from the areas with simple topography and environments1
Western Europe and North Africa 2 - East European Plane 3
North-East North America 4 West Siberian Plane 5 Eastern Siberia
and Chukotka 6 Greenland 7 Antarctica 8 Mongolia and North China 9
Brazil 10 South Africa11 Australia
2
-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11
-12-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-7.4-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8
-8.6-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10
-5.2-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5
-5.7-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5
-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-7-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5
-16-16-16-16-16-16-16-16-16-16-16
-3-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5
-7-17-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7
-7-17-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7
-11-9-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11
-11-14-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11
-6-15-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6
-6-6-5.5-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6
-5-5-5.2-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5
-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4
-7-7-9-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7
-12-12-12-1-12-12-12-12-12-12-12
-10-10-10-8-10-10-10-10-10-10-10
-11-11-11-7-11-11-11-11-11-11-11
-6-6-6-8-6-6-6-6-6-6-6
-6-6-6-10-6-6-6-6-6-6-6
-12-12-12-5-12-12-12-12-12-12-12
-12-12-12-6-12-12-12-12-12-12-12
-9-9-9-7-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-9-9-9-8-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-14-14-14-8-14-14-14-14-14-14-14
-14-14-14-14-8-14-14-14-14-14-14
-9-9-9-9-11-9-9-9-9-9-9
-9-9-9-9-11-9-9-9-9-9-9
-9-9-9-9-4-9-9-9-9-9-9
-12-12-12-12-14-12-12-12-12-12-12
-8-8-8-8-11-8-8-8-8-8-8
-20-20-20-20-20-18-20-20-20-20-20
-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5
-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-10-5-5-5
-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5
-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-9.5-5.5-5.5-5.5
-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2.5-2-2
-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-5.5-2
-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-1.8-2
-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
model
data of reconstruction
1
-11-11
-9-12
-5-10
-5-11
-3-12
-5-10
-5-7
-7-17
-7-17
-10-8
-12-1
-11-7
-13-14
-6-10
-12-5
-12-6
-11-9
-11-14
-9-7
-6-15
-8-7
-2-5.5
-10-8.6
-6-5.5
-5-5.2
-8.5-5.2
-5-5.7
-4-4
-2-5.5
-2-2.5
-3-4
-7-9
-2.5-3
-9-9
-2-1.8
-5.5-9.5
-2-5
-18-20
-5.5-5.5
-16-16
-5-16.8
-5-19.8
-15-3.5
-11-6
-8-10
&A
&P
2
1234567891011
.-11-11
-9-12
49.11-8-7.4
48.21-10-8.6
48.12-8.5-5.2
43,5,-1,5-5-5.7
46,8,5,8-9-9
-5-7
-16-16
.-2.5-3
..-7-17
-7-17
-11-9
-11-14
--6-15
- ,-6-5.5
-5-5.2
-4-4
-7-9
-12-1
,-10-8
-11-7
.-6-8
.-6-10
-12-5
-12-6
-9-7
-9-8
-14-8
-14-8
-9-11
-9-11
-9-4
-12-14
-8-11
-20-18
-5.5-5.5
-5-10
-5-5
-5.5-9.5
-2-2.5
, -2-5.5
-2-1.8
-3-4
&A
&P
2
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
&A
&P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
PMIP simulated data
data of reconstruction
data-model comparison of annual temperature anomalies (21 ka BP
mines present day)
3
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
model
data
4
123456789101112
.-8.4-8.5
EEPlcent-11-11.5
- ,-5.5-5.9
-9.4-7.4
-11-6
-8-10
-20-18
-5.5-5.5
-5.2-8.2
""-2-4
, -2-3.7
-3-4
&A
&P
4
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
&A
&P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PMIP simulated data
reconstructed data
data-model comparison of annual temperature averaged
anomalies
5
&A
&P
2 (2)
&A
&P
6
123456789101112
-8-6
-6-13
-6-12
-6-6
-5-9
-5-10
-5-11
-4-8
-4-9
-4-9
-3-12
-4-10
.-11-11
-9-12
49.11-8-7.4
48.21-10-8.6
48.12-8.5-5.2
43,5,-1,5-5-5.7
46,8,5,8-9-9
-5-7
-16-16
.-2.5-3
..-7-17
-7-17
-11-9
-11-14
--6-15
- ,-6-5.5
-5-5.2
-4-4
-7-9
-12-1
,-10-8
-11-7
.-6-8
.-6-10
-12-5
-12-6
-9-7
-9-8
-14-8
-14-8
-9-11
-9-11
-9-4
-12-14
-8-11
-20-18
-5.5-5.5
-5-10
-5-5
-5.5-9.5
""-2-2.5
-2-5.5
, -2-5.5
-2-1.8
-3-4
-5-9
-5-10
-5-6
-5-7
&A
&P
6
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
&A
&P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PMIP simulated data
data of reconstruction
data-model comparison of annual temperature anomalies (21 ka BP
mines present day)
7
&A
&P
8
&A
&P
9
&A
&P
10
&A
&P
11
&A
&P
12
&A
&P
13
&A
&P
14
&A
&P
15
&A
&P
16
&A
&P
&A
&P
-
Comparison between reconstructed and simulated mean annual
temperatures anomalies (LGM minus modern) over the land averaged by
the regions pointed in the legend1 Western Europe (9) and North
Africa (1) 2 - East European Plane (5)3 North-East North America
(4)4 West Siberian Plane (10) 5 Eastern Siberia and Chukotka (6) 6
Greenland (1) 7 Antarctica (1) 8 Mongolia (2) and North China (2) 9
Brazil (1) 10 South Africa (2)11 Australia (1)
2
-8.5-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4
-11-11.5-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11
-5.5-5.5-5.9-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5
-10.1-10.1-10.1-7.5-10.1-10.1-10.1-10.1-10.1-10.1-10.1
-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10
-20-20-20-20-20-18-20-20-20-20-20
-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5
-5.2-5.2-5.2-5.2-5.2-5.2-5.2-8.2-5.2-5.2-5.2
-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-4-2-2
-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-3.7-2
-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
model
data of reconstruction
1
-11-11
-9-12
-5-10
-5-11
-3-12
-5-10
-5-7
-7-17
-7-17
-10-8
-12-1
-11-7
-13-14
-6-10
-12-5
-12-6
-11-9
-11-14
-9-7
-6-15
-8-7
-2-5.5
-10-8.6
-6-5.5
-5-5.2
-8.5-5.2
-5-5.7
-4-4
-2-5.5
-2-2.5
-3-4
-7-9
-2.5-3
-9-9
-2-1.8
-5.5-9.5
-2-5
-18-20
-5.5-5.5
-16-16
-5-16.8
-5-19.8
-15-3.5
-11-6
-8-10
&A
&P
2
1234567891011
.-11-11
-9-12
49.11-8-7.4
48.21-10-8.6
48.12-8.5-5.2
43,5,-1,5-5-5.7
46,8,5,8-9-9
-5-7
-16-16
.-2.5-3
..-7-17
-7-17
-11-9
-11-14
--6-15
- ,-6-5.5
-5-5.2
-4-4
-7-9
-12-1
,-10-8
-11-7
.-6-8
.-6-10
-12-5
-12-6
-9-7
-9-8
-14-8
-14-8
-9-11
-9-11
-9-4
-12-14
-8-11
-20-18
-5.5-5.5
-5-10
-5-5
-5.5-9.5
-2-2.5
, -2-5.5
-2-1.8
-3-4
&A
&P
2
-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11
-12-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-7.4-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8
-8.6-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10
-5.2-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5-8.5
-5.7-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5
-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-7-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5
-16-16-16-16-16-16-16-16-16-16-16-16
-3-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5
-7-17-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7
-7-17-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7
-11-9-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11
-11-14-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11
-6-15-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6
-6-6-5.5-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6
-5-5-5.2-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5
-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4
-7-7-9-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7
-12-12-12-1-12-12-12-12-12-12-12-12
-10-10-10-8-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10
-11-11-11-7-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11
-6-6-6-8-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6
-6-6-6-10-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6
-12-12-12-5-12-12-12-12-12-12-12-12
-12-12-12-6-12-12-12-12-12-12-12-12
-9-9-9-7-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-9-9-9-8-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-14-14-14-8-14-14-14-14-14-14-14-14
-14-14-14-14-8-14-14-14-14-14-14-14
-9-9-9-9-11-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-9-9-9-9-11-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-9-9-9-9-4-9-9-9-9-9-9-9
-12-12-12-12-14-12-12-12-12-12-12-12
-8-8-8-8-11-8-8-8-8-8-8-8
-20-20-20-20-20-18-20-20-20-20-20-20
-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5
-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-10-5-5-5-5
-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5
-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-9.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5
-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2.5-2-2-2
-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-5.5-2-2
-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-1.8-2-2
-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-4-3
&A
&P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
PMIP simulated data
data of reconstruction
data-model comparison of annual temperature anomalies (21 ka BP
mines present day)
3
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
model
data
4
1234567891011
.10-8.4-8.5
EEPlcent5-11-11.5
- 4-5.5-5.9
9-10.1-7.5
6-10-10
1-20-18
1-5.5-5.5
3-5.2-8.2
1-2-4
, 2-2-3.7
1-3-4
&A
&P
4
-8.5-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4-8.4
-11-11.5-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11
-5.5-5.5-5.9-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5
-10.1-10.1-10.1-7.5-10.1-10.1-10.1-10.1-10.1-10.1-10.1-10.1
-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10
-20-20-20-20-20-18-20-20-20-20-20-20
-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.5
-5.2-5.2-5.2-5.2-5.2-5.2-5.2-8.2-5.2-5.2-5.2-5.2
-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-4-2-2-2
-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-3.7-2-2
-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-4-3
&A
&P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
PMIP simulated data
reconstructed data
data-model comparison of annual temperature averaged
anomalies
5
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
2 (2)
&A
&P
6
&A
&P
7
123456789101112
-8-6
-6-13
-6-12
-6-6
-5-9
-5-10
-5-11
-4-8
-4-9
-4-9
-3-12
-4-10
.-11-11
-9-12
49.11-8-7.4
48.21-10-8.6
48.12-8.5-5.2
43,5,-1,5-5-5.7
46,8,5,8-9-9
-5-7
-16-16
.-2.5-3
..-7-17
-7-17
-11-9
-11-14
--6-15
- ,-6-5.5
-5-5.2
-4-4
-7-9
-12-1
,-10-8
-11-7
.-6-8
.-6-10
-12-5
-12-6
-9-7
-9-8
-14-8
-14-8
-9-11
-9-11
-9-4
-12-14
-8-11
-20-18
-5.5-5.5
-5-10
-5-5
-5.5-9.5
""-2-2.5
-2-5.5
, -2-5.5
-2-1.8
-3-4
-5-9
-5-10
-5-6
-5-7
&A
&P
7
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
&A
&P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PMIP simulated data
data of reconstruction
data-model comparison of annual temperature anomalies (21 ka BP
mines present day)
8
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000
![Absolute and Relative Gas Concentration - Apogee … and Relative Gas Concentration: ... n is gas quantity [mol], T is temperature [K], R is the ... As the humidity in the atmosphere](https://img.pdfslide.net/doc/110x75/5aa846327f8b9a6c188b5d11/absolute-and-relative-gas-concentration-apogee-and-relative-gas-concentration.jpg)
