Various Sectors of Development Various Sectors of Development

Development

Community

Education

Rural

Agriculture Industry

Infrastructure

Social

Economy

Economic DevelopmentEconomic Development

Changes in a country that involve increase Changes in a country that involve increase in productivityin productivityProductivity is measured in various ways, Productivity is measured in various ways, e.g.: e.g.:

GNP - Gross National ProductGNP - Gross National Product- Total cumulative production in - Total cumulative production in a year that consists of a year that consists of

incomes incomes or revenues from or revenues from the various the various sectors. sectors.

Other economic indicators: Other economic indicators: Income Per Capita Income Per Capita Economic Growth or % of GNP Economic Growth or % of GNP Number of SMIs, large industries, or Number of SMIs, large industries, or

MNCs.MNCs.

Economic development is always equated Economic development is always equated with quantitative increase of assets.with quantitative increase of assets.

Social DevelopmentSocial Development

Changes in a population that involves Changes in a population that involves improvement in Quality of Life.improvement in Quality of Life.Indicators:Indicators: Better educationBetter education

% of population with tertiary education% of population with tertiary educationRate of literacyRate of literacy

Better healthBetter healthLife expectancyLife expectancyInfant Mortality RateInfant Mortality RateToddler Mortality RateToddler Mortality Rate

Social integrationSocial integrationEthnic, religion, cultureEthnic, religion, culture

Urban and rural areasUrban and rural areas

West and East MalaysiaWest and East Malaysia

Sound social development is important for Sound social development is important for economic stability.economic stability.

Infrastructural DevelopmentInfrastructural Development

Changes in physical amenities such as Changes in physical amenities such as transportation system (highways), transportation system (highways), electricity and water supplies, and other electricity and water supplies, and other public facilities such as buildings for public facilities such as buildings for commerce, administration, and public commerce, administration, and public services.services.Infrastructural development is positively Infrastructural development is positively related to changes in economic and social related to changes in economic and social development.development.

Industrial DevelopmentIndustrial Development

Involves changes in the various types of Involves changes in the various types of industries such as manufacturing, industries such as manufacturing, electrical and electronic (EE), SMIs, high-electrical and electronic (EE), SMIs, high-technology industries, downstream technology industries, downstream industries and agro-based industriesindustries and agro-based industries

Important for employment and for Important for employment and for contribution to GNP.contribution to GNP.

For domestic and export.For domestic and export.

Agricultural DevelopmentAgricultural Development

Involves changes in the production of Involves changes in the production of agricultural commodities such palm-oil, paddy, agricultural commodities such palm-oil, paddy, livestock, forestry, fruits and vegetables.livestock, forestry, fruits and vegetables.

Changes are accompanied by the use of Changes are accompanied by the use of agricultural technologies such as improved high-agricultural technologies such as improved high-yielding varieties, fertilizers, pesticides, yielding varieties, fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural management and drainage system.agricultural management and drainage system.

Agricultural production contributes to economic Agricultural production contributes to economic development.development.

Rural DevelopmentRural Development

Comprises agricultural development and Comprises agricultural development and the development of the population in the the development of the population in the rural areas.rural areas.

Broader concept that also involves Broader concept that also involves development in health, infrastructure and development in health, infrastructure and social.social.

REFERENCEREFERENCE

Look for relevant articles at Look for relevant articles at

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT JOURNALCOMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL

http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/cdj/about.html