T A N E 24, 1978

V A S C U L A R PLANTS OF HEN ISLAND (TARANGA) NORTH-EASTERN NEW Z E A L A N D

by A .E . Wright

Department of Botany, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland

SUMMARY

An annotated list of vascular plants found on Hen Island includes a total of 278 taxa (235 native and 43 adventive species). The position of less common species is shown on a map as an aid to their relocation in the future. Information on distribution and abundance is included and almost all records are supported by Herbarium specimens. Thirty-two taxa are listed for the first time from Hen Island.

INTRODUCTION

Hen Island (Taranga) lies 40km southeast of Whangarei City in the outer Hauraki Gulf (latitude 174° 43' E and longitude 35° 58' S - Fig. 1). The island is characterised by a steep, rocky coastline, with gentler slopes and wide valleys in more elevated areas and scattered rock outcrops along the summit ridges.

Vegetation types vary greatly from dense coastal scrub through more open taraire/tawa (Beilschmiedia) forest, mixed coastal forest, kanuka (Lepto­spermum ericoides) scrub of a variety of ages to exposed meadow and scrub communities on the high rock outcrops.

During a nine day scientific expedition to Hen Island (24 August — 1 September, 1977) a species list of vascular plants was compiled and a collection of specimens was made. The species are listed below in families, together with common names, general notes on abundance, distribution and habitat, and the Herbarium number of the specimen deposited in the Herbarium of the Auckland Institute and Museum (AK). Nomenclature and ordering of families follows Allan (1961) and Moore and Edgar (1970) for native plants except grasses. Adventive species and their common names follow the New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Society (1969). Authorities are given for exceptions to these sources.

Records made by Cranwell and Moore (1935) following two weeks fieldwork in the early summers of 1933 and 1934, but not found during the present survey have been included to make the list as complete as possible. Cranwell and Moore lodged a comprehensive collection of specimens from the Hen and Chickens Islands with A K and their specimens have been cited (where they exist) if no collection was made during the present survey.

Genera are listed alphabetically within families, as are species within genera, •denotes adventive species; denotes adventive families listed at the end of the appropriate section of the list; N.C. denotes species seen during present survey, but not collected.

77

W I L S O N B A Y

L I G H T H O U S E B A Y

D R A G O N ' S M O U T H C O V E

N

P U K A N U I B A Y

S I B S O N B A Y

K E Y :

A T R I G S T A T I O N

• P R O M I N E N T P O I N T S

jf^ I N L A N D R O C K O U T C R O P S

R E I S C H E K B A Y

1 Agathis australis ( + Gahnia setifolia)

2 Hymenophyllum scabrum

3 Trichomanes elongatum

4 Xeronema callistemon

0

K I L O M E T R E S

Fig. 1. Location of place-names and unusual and interesting plants. Inset shows the position of Hen Island «ff «™

Family Species

PSILOPSIDA Psilotaceae

L Y C O P S I D A Lycopodiaceae

F I L I C O P S I D A Schizaeaceae

Hymenophyllaceae

H. flabellatum

H. rarum

H. revolution

H. sanguinolentum

H. scabrum

Tmesipteris elongate Dang.

T. lanceolate Dang.

T. tannensis

Lycopodium billiardieri

Lygodium articulatum

Hymenophyllum demissum

H. dilatatum

Comments A K No.

Rare in high areas, growing from the bases of epiphytic 142772 Collospermum. Up to 60cm long, branching.

Occasional epiphyte on Cyathea dealbata in damp 142731 shady areas.

Common in damp valleys in upper part of island; 142890 both terrestrial on rich soils and epiphytic on Cyathea dealbata.

Clubmoss. Occasional, growing from bases of 142765 epiphytic Collospermum in damp areas.

Mangemange. Very thick tangles scattered through 142702 dry, open, coastal forest in lower areas.

Abundant on damp rocks around The Pinnacles; 142673 common in damp valleys throughout. 142988

Common on damp shaded rocks around The Pinnacles; 142984 occasional in damp valleys on the northern side of the island.

Listed by Cranwell and Moore as rare on exposed interior rocks. No specimen in A K .

Listed by Cranwell and Moore as rare (on Astelia leaf 114409 bases) in climax coastal forest. A K 114409 col l . Moore & Cranwell 30.11.34 "under rock near fort".

Common on rock faces and lower tree trunks 142679 around the highest Pinnacle.

Occasional; growing below Astelia and Collospermum 142671 on rock outcrops on ridges.

Rare; terrestrial beneath mature kanuka forest in 142775 wide valley between Taranga and the Pinnacles.

Family Species

Dicksoniaceae

Cyatheaceae

Polypodiaceae

Thelypteridaceae

Dennstaedtiaceae

Trichomanes elongatum

T. endlicherianum

T. reniforme

Dicksonia squarrosa

Cyathea dealbata

C. medullaris

Anarthropteris lanceolata

Phymatodes diversifolium

P. scandens

Pyrrosia serpens

Thelypteris pennigera

Hypolepis punctata

H. tenuifolia

Davalliaceae Arthropteris tenella

Comments A K No .

Rare; very small, juvenile plants in one deeply 142672 incised valley in the centre of the northern side of the island.

Common on shaded clay banks of deeply incised 142680 valley in the centre of the northern side of the island.

Kidney fern. Common on damp rocks around The 142670 Pinnacles; terrestrial on damp soil in central valleys on the northern side of the island.

Wheki. Rare around base of highest Pinnacles: 142678 common in one damp valley in the centre of the northern side of the island.

Ponga. Common in dry valleys throughout. 142700 142781

Mamaku. Occasional seedlings found in openings N . C . in damp valleys.

Abundant on rock faces in forest throughout. 142942

Hound's tongue. Abundant on coastal and inland 142873 rocks and trees.

Abundant on rocks and trees in dry valleys 142694 throughout.

Abundant throughout; epiphytic on trees and rocks. 142940

Occasional in dry valleys throughout. 142982

Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring in climax coastal forest. No supporting specimen in A K .

Uncommon; growing on alluvial soil beside stream in 142703 Pukanui Bay.

Common on rocks in dry valleys throughout. 142741

Family Species

Pteridaceae Histiopteris incisa

Paesia scaberula

Pteridium aquilinum var. esculentum

Pteris comans

P. macilenta var. saxatilis

P. tremula

Aspleniaceae Asplenium bulbiferum subsp. gracillimum Brownsey

A. flaccidum subsp. flaccidum

A. flaccidum subsp. haurakiense Brownsey

A. lamprophyllum

A. lucidum

A. polyodon Forst.f.

Blechnaceae Blechnum capense

B. filiforme

B. lanceolatum

B. membranaceum

Comments A K No .

Water fern. Rare in an open area below the highest 142767 Pinnacle.

Listed by Cranwell and Moore as very rare in Leptospermum forest (on slip with Typha). No specimen in A K .

Bracken. Common in open areas throughout. 142769

Occasional in open coastal forest and on coastal banks. 142751

Occasional in dry, open coastal forest. 142770

Turawera. Common on dry, well-lit coastal banks. 142750

Hen and chickens fern. Rare, finely cut plants in coastal forest. 142740

Common epiphyte on rocks and trees, usually away 142701 from coast.

Common along coastline; usually terrestrial but 142704 occasionally epiphytic on Metrosideros excelsa.

Abundant in dry, rocky forest throughout. The most 142752 abundant and striking fern on the island, often forming pure swards up to 10m across.

Huruhuruwhenua. Abundant throughout. 142692

Common in dry forest throughout; both epiphytic 142766 and terrestrial.

K i o k i o . Uncommon; occurring in scattered localities 142782 usually near rock outcrops. The 'Green Bay form' was found in coastal areas.

Abundant in dry forest; adult plants occasionally 142705 terrestrial.

Common around streams and seasonal watercourses 142980 throughout.

Occasional on streambanks. A K 69327 col l . N . C . Moore and Cranwell 28.11.34 "near kauri" . 69327

Family Species

Dryopteridaceae

Adiantaceae

B. vulcanicum

Doodia media

Ctenitis decomposita

C. glabella

C. velutina

Polystichum richardii

Adiantum cunninghamii

A. diaphanum

A. fulvum

A. hispidulum

Cheilanthes distans

C. sieberi

Pellaea rotundifolia

Comments A K No .

Rare; one colony of approximately 20 plants growing 142771 on stony soil beneath mature Leptospermum in a shallow, sheltered valley.

Common in coastal areas, particularly beneath 142699 Leptospermum.

Rare; one large colony found in immature coastal 142889 forest. Creeping among rocks on dry ridge.

Listed by Cranwell and Moore (1935) as occurring in 114836 climax forest. A K 114836 col l . Moore and Cranwell 14.11.33.

Velvet fern. Occasional in very dry, rocky coastal areas. 142735

Abundant in open coastal forest throughout; also 142706 very large plants growing along central ridge.

Maidenhair. Occasional in damp stream valleys in 142682 forest.

Occasional in steep dry areas in coastal forest. 142753

Common in dry forest throughout. 142697

Rosy maidenhair. Common in dry coastal areas and 142711 dry inland forest.

Woolly cloak fern. Common in meadows on exposed 143349 rock outcrops around the Pinnacles, Moran's Lookout and Baldy.

Very common in crevices on rocky outcrops throughout. 142970 Range in length and breadth of frond considerable depending on degree of exposure.

Uncommon in dry forest, particularly in flat areas on headlands.

142975

Family Species

S P E R M A T O P S I D A G Y M N O S P E R M A E Araucariaceae Agathis australis

A N G I O S P E R M A E DICOTYLEDONES Lauraceae Beilschmiedia tar air i

B. tawa

Monimiaceae Hedycarya arborea

Laurelia novae-zelandiae

Ranunculaceae Clematis paniculata

C. parviflora

Ranunculus hirtus

Piperaceae Macropiper excelsum

Peperomia urvilleana

Cruciferae Brassica campestris*

Comments A K No.

Kauri . Rare; one mature specimen located (see Fig . 1). Despite searching, the two younger teees recorded by Cranwell and Moore (1935) were not found. The single tree is approximately 18m tall with a diameter at breast height of 50cm.

Taraire. Common canopy tree in shallow valleys throughout. Often a pure dominant with trees to 14m tall.

Large-leaved tawa. Occasional in taraire forest. More common as spreading specimen trees on central ridges. Notable for extremely large leaf size (up to 150mm by 60mm).

Pigeonwood. Occasional in coastal forest and over­mature kanuka forest.

Pukatea. Listed by Cranwell and Moore (1935) as "one big tree in streambed", climax coastal forest. No specimen in A K .

Locally common in kanuka forest. Rare in mature coastal forest.

Abundant on ridges and in coastal forest throughout.

Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional in coastal forest. A K 99955 coll . Moore and Cranwell 14.11.33.

Kawakawa. Common throughout; particularly abundant in coastal forest.

Common on rocks and boulders throughout.

Wild turnip. Listed by Cranwell and Moore (1935) without habitat or abundance. No specimen from Hen Island in A K , although there is a sheet col l . Moore and Cranwell 2.12.34 from the southern Chicken.

142744

142657

142757

142695

142749

142983

99955

142683

142863

Family Species

Violaceae

Crassulaceae

Droseraceae

Aizoaceae

Caryophyllaceae

B. oleracea*

Cardamine debilis

Lepidium oleraceum

L. ruderale*

Rorippa stylosa

Hymenathera novae-zelandiae

Melicytus ramiflorus

Crassula decumbens*

Tillaea sieberiana

Drosera auriculata

Disphyma australe

Tetragonia trigyna

Cerastium glomeratum*

Comments A K No .

Wild cabbage. Listed by Cranwell and Moore (1935) as frequent in coastal rock and scrub. No specimen from Hen Island in A K , but a specimen col l . Moore and Cranwell 13.11.33 from the first Chicken.

New Zealand bitter cress. Locally common in exposed, 142807 well-lit, inland areas.

Cook's scurvy grass. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as local in coastal rock and scrub. No specimen in A K .

Narrow-leaved cress. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring in coastal rock and scrub. No specimen in A K .

Occasional on streambanks or dry watercourses in 143365 low scrub.

Common overhanging beaches on the coast. 142719

Mahoe. Common canopy tree in scrub and subcanopy 142868 shrub in forest.

Abundant but insignificant herb on foliose lichen-covered 142829 rocks throughout.

Listed by Cranwell and Moore as abundant on coastal and interior rocks. No specimen in A K .

Sundew. Abundant in well-lit kanuka forest throughout. 142732 Compact and fleshy forms were found growing in mosses on Baldy.

New Zealand iceplant. Abundant on coastal rocks 142864 throughout.

New Zealand spinach. Abundant on coastal rocks 142853 and in extreme coastal forest throughout. 142728

Annual mouse-ear chickweed. Common weed on 142722 coastal screes and inland rock outcrops. 142746

Family Species

Polygonaceae

Chenopodiaceae

Geraniaceae

Oxalidaceae

Polycarpon tetraphyllum *

Sagina apetala*

Scleranthus biflorus

Silene gallica*

Spergularia marginata

Stellaria media*

S. parviflora

Muehlenbeckia complexa

Rhagodia triandra

Salicornia australis

Geranium molle*

G. solanderi Carolin

Pelargonium inodorum

Oxalis corniculata

0. stricta

Linaceae Linum monogynum

Comments A K No.

Allseed. Occasional weed on coastal screes; more 142850 common on interior rock outcrops. 142851

Annual pearlwort. Young seedlings common in crevices 142662 in coastal rocks.

Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional on coastal rocks and shrub, occasional in Leptospermum forest and locally abundant on interior rocks. No specimen in A K .

Catchfly. Common on interior rock outcrops and 142814 coastal screes.

Sea spurrey. Occasional in rock crevices immediately 142675 above high tide level.

Chickweed. Abundant weed on coastal screes. 142718

Common on floor of dry, well-lit coastal forest and 142674 hanging from rock crevices. 142747

Wire vine. Abundant on coastal rocks and immediately 142684 behind beaches

Common on extreme coastal soils and in humus-filled 142725 rock crevices.

Glasswort. Occasional on coastal rocks and cliffs. 142884

Dove's foot. Listed by Cranwell and Moore without habitat or abundance. No specimen in A K .

Turnip-rooted geranium. Large plants occasional to 142H 1 8 common on the bigger inland rock outcrops.

Kopata. Clumps occasional on larger inland rock 142809 outcrops.

Abundant on dry coastal soils. 142734

Common on dry coastal soils, particularly in Dragon- N . C . mouth Cove. A K 100912 coll . Moore and Cranwell 100912 28.11.34.

Ruahuia. Locally abundant on damp coastal rocks 142832 e.g. northern end of Wilson Bay.

Family Species

Haloragaceae

Onagraceae

Nyctaginaceae

Thymelaeaceae

Proteaceae

Gonocarpus incanus (A. Cunn.) Orchard

Halorgis erecta

Myriophyllum sp.

Epilobium billardinerianum Ser. subsp. cinereum (A. Rich.) Raven & Ensielhorn

E. nummulariifolium

Fuchsia excorticata

Heimerliodendron brunonianum

Pimelea prostrata

Knightia excelsa

Comments A K No .

Uncommon beneath low scrub on Baldy. 142971

Shrubby haloragis. Abundant on coastal screes 142783 throughout.

Water milfoi l . Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring in a pit in Leptospermum forest. The pit was relocated during the present survey but was too overgrown and infilled to support this plant. No specimen in A K .

Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring in Leptospermum forest. No specimen from Hen Island in A K but a sheet coll. Moore and Cranwell 2.1 2.34 from the south Chicken.

Creeping willow herb. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring on a slip with Typha in Leptospermum forest. No specimen in A K .

Kotukutuku; tree fuchsia. Occasional shrub or tree 142981 around rocks in higher areas.

Parapara; bird-catcher tree. Locally abundant in fertile 142877 valleys near the coast; often forming pure stands that 142965 exclude all groundcover due to poor light penetration. A K 142965 illustrates a natural variegated form found inland from Dragonmouth Cove.

Strathmore weed. Local on exposed rocks near the coast; e.g. on the rocky bluffs at the northwestern tip of the island.

Rewarewa. Occasional to common in kanuka regenera­tion. Uncommon in coastal forest.

142987

Family

Coriariaceae

Pittosporaceae

Passifloraceae

Cucurbitaceae

Myrtaceae

Species

Coriaria arborea

Pittosporum cornifolium

P. crassifolium

P. umbellatum

Tetrapathaea tetrandra

Sicyos angulata

Leptospermum ericoides

L. scoparium

Metrosideros carminea

Comments A K No.

Tutu . Locally abundant on coastal banks and screes 142785 e.g. Old Woman Cove.

Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional in climax 102376 coastal forest. AK.102376, 7 coll . Moore and Cranwell 102377 17.11.33; A K 1 0 2 3 7 8 col l . Moore and Cranwell 28.11.34. 102378

Karo. Locally abundant shrub above boulder beaches, 142881 particularly on the northern coast.

Common shrub and small tree on lower ridges and 142828 around rock outcrops.

Kohia . Listed by Cranwell and Moore as rare in climax coastal forest. No specimen in A K .

Mawhai. Locally abundant scrambling over all other 142967 vegetation immediately behind boulder beaches, e.g. Pukanui Bay.

Kanuka. Common over large areas at the eastern end and 142693 on the northern side of the island. Extremely large, senescent trees up to 16m tall and 60cm diameter breast height are scattered along the central ridge between the Pinnacles and Baldy.

Manuka. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional on interior rocks and occasional to locally dominant in Leptospermum forest. They state that " i n a few small areas the growth of manuka rather than kanuka has recently been favoured by burning" (1935). No specimen in A K although there are several collections from the Chickens.

Carmine rata. Listed (as M. diffusa) by Cranwell and 102225 Moore as occasional on rock in climax coastal forest. A K 102225 col l . Moore and Cranwell 28.11.34. A further 5 sheets including juvenile material were col l . 14.11.33.

Family Species

Tiliaceae

Malvaceae

Euphorbiaceae

Rosaceae

Papilionaceae

Moraceae

M. excelsa

M. fulgens

M. perforata

Lophomyrtus bullata

Entelea arborescens

Hoheria populnea

Euphorbia glauca

E. peplus*

Rubus cissoides

Carmichaelia aligera

Sophora microphylla

Paratrophis banksii

Comments A K No .

Pohutukawa. Abundant coastal tree throughout. 142707 Occasional groves slightly inland.

Abundant, locally dominant on windswept ridges 142811 around Taranga.

Clinging rata. Common, closely appressed on rock faces 142729 around the Pinnacles.

Ramarama. Uncommon shrub in coastal forest; most N . C . specimens badly eaten by insects. Listed by Cranwell and Moore but no specimen in A K .

Whau. Locally abundant in open, well-lit coastal areas, 142969 e.g. around campsite in Dragonsmouth Cove.

Houhere. Occasional shrub in coastal forest and 142659 Leptospermum forest.

Locally abundant on damp coastal screes and soil 142831 accumulations on coastal cliffs.

Milkweed. Common on top of a small number of sheltered 142878 inland rock outcrops, e.g. just inland from the Dragonmouth Cove campsite.

Bush lawyer. Locally abundant in upper areas particularly 142738 around the Pinnacles where extremely lush pure tangles are found.

New Zealand broom. Occasional in coastal scrub and 142895 Leptospermum forest.

Kowhai . Locally abundant in coastal scrub and 142723 Leptospermum forest particularly at the eastern end of the island.

Large-leaved milk tree. Locally common in coastal forest, 142714 especially in flat areas. Juvenile4eaved shrubs very 142764 common in kanuka forest in higher areas. Mature-leaved, flowering shrubs were often smaller than nearby juveniles.

Family Species

Urticaceae

P. microphylla

Australina pusilla

Parietaria debilis

Urtica ferox

Corynocarpaceae Corynocarpus laevigatus

Rhamnaceae Pomaderris phylicifolia var. ericfolia

Rutaceae Melicope ternata

Meliceae Dysoxylum spectabile

Sapindaceae

Araliaceae

Alectryon excelsus

Dodonaea viscosa

Meryta sinclairii

Pseudopanax arboreus (Murr.) Philipson

P. lessonii (DC.) C . K o c h .

Schefflera digitata

Comments A K No .

Turepo; milk tree. Rare shrubs in kanuka/coastal forest 142745 mixtures.

Common herb on forest floor in dry coastal areas. 142748

Abundant straggling herb in any extreme coastal soil 142726 accumulations.

Onga onga; tree nettle. Locally abundant shrub on 14271 2 coastal flats (e.g. Pukanui Bay around stream mouth) and in elevated flat areas around the Pinnacles.

Karaka. Common tree in coastal forest, particularly on 142872 flat areas near the sea.

Tauhinu. Common in scrub on exposed inland rock 142715 outcrops, e.g. Baldy.

Wharangi. Locally abundant in coastal scrub; occasional 142737 in coastal and kanuka forest.

Kohekohe. Important and common constituent of 142860 mature and developing coastal forest throughout. One of the first forest species to appear in kanuka regeneration.

T i tok i . Uncommon in mature coastal forest. 142943

Akeake. Locally common in coastal kanuka forest and 142730 coastal scrub.

Puka. Locally abundant tree in coastal forest 142815 throughout, although rarely more than 100m from 142816 the sea. The largest grove seen was around the stream at the western end of Old Woman Cove.

Occasional in coastal forest throughout. Locally 142686 abundant in kanuka forest.

Common member of coastal scrub and extreme coastal 142854 forest communities.

Pate. Occasional in coastal forest throughout. 142986

c

Family

Cornaceae

Umbelliferae

Epacridaceae

Sapotaceae

Myrsinaceae

Species

Griselinia lucida

Apium australe

Caucalis daucoides*

Daucus glochidiatus

Hydrocotyle c f . americana (a)

H. c f . americana (b)

H. elongata

H. sp.

Scandia rosaefolia (Hook.f.) Dawson

Cyathodes fasciculata

C. fraseri

Planchonella novo-zelandica

Myrsine australis

Comments A K No.

Puka. One plant only seen perched on rock outcrop 142780 in coastal forest.

Maori celery. Abundant on coastal rocks, banks and 142747 screes. 142858

Listed by Cranwell and Moore as "one stunted plant seen". No specimen in A K .

New Zealand carrot. Abundant in herbfield on top of 142893 large rock outcrops along ridges throughout.

Rare, forming dense cushions in rock crevices, coastal 142843 forest.

Uncommon, pendulous from rocks in coastal forest, 142842 e.g. large rock behind fireplace, Dragonmouth Cove campsite.

Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional in coastal 104451 forest and locally abundant in Leptospermum forest. A K 10445 1 coll . Cranwell and Moore, no date.

Locally abundant on dry ridges in coastal forest 142841 between Pukanui Bay and Old Woman Cove.

Common, locally abundant beneath coastal scrub and 142708 on coastal screes.

Mingimingi. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional 143371 in Leptospermum forest. A K 143371 coll . Moore and Cranwell 28.11.34.

Patotara. Locally dominant on steep grassy slopes above 142724 the northwestern tip of the island.

Tawapou. Common to frequent tree in lower coastal 142830 forest.

Mapau. Common shrub in coastal forest. 142985

Family Species

Oleaceae

Loganiaceae

Apocynaceae

Caprifoliaceae

Rubiaceae

M. salicina

Nestegis apetala

Geniostoma ligustrifolium

Parsonsia capsularis

P. heterophylla

Alseuosmia quercifolia

Coprosma australis

C. lucida

C. lucida x rhamnoides

C. macrocarpa

C. repens

C. rhamnoides

C. robusta

Compositae

C. tenuicaulis?

Aster subulatus*

Comments A K No .

Toro. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring in Leptospermum forest - "one seen on Taranga girth 64.5cm". No specimen in A K .

Locally common shrub and small tree in coastal forest 142836 throughout.

Hangehange. Abundant shrub in kanuka forest and 142754 coastal forest throughout.

Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring in climax 106132 coastal forest. A K 106132 labelled/", capsularis col l . Moore and Cranwell 30.11.34.

New Zealand jasmine; kaihua. Locally abundant in 142827 coastal forest, particularly near the sea.

New Zealand honeysuckle. Scattered small straggling 142803 shrubs (to 1.5m tall) in dry forest north of Taranga and Baldy.

Kanono. Abundant shrub in coastal forest throughout. 142833

Karamu. Occasional in kanuka and coastal forest. 142870

C. gracilis A . Cunn. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as

occurring in Leptospermum forest. No specimen in A K .

Abundant in extreme coastal forest. 142879

Taupata. Common on rocks above high water. 142857

Locally abundant in dry coastal forest. 142685

Karamu. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional 37340 in all communities. A K 37340 col l . Moore and Cranwell 28.11.34. Listed by Cranwell and Moore without habitat or abundance. No specimen in A K .

Sea aster. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as rare in Leptospermum forest. No specimen in A K .

Family Species

Bidens pilosa

Brachyglottis repanda

Carduus pycnocephalus*

C. tenuiflorus*

Cirsium vulgare*

Crepis capillaris*

Erigeron canadensis* to

E. floribundus*

Gnaphalium gymnocephalum

G. luteo-album agg.

G. sphaericum*

G. spicatum*

G. ustulatum*

Comments A K N o .

Cobbler's pegs. Occasional on grassy coastal cliffs on 142733 the northern side of the island; locally abundant on top of large rock outcrops in coastal forest.

Rangiora. Occasional in lower areas throughout. 142867

Slender winged thistle. Listed by Cranwell and Moore 89670 as locally abundant on exposed interior rocks and occasional in Leptospermum forest. A K 89670 col l . Moore and Cranwell 27.11.34.

Winged thistle. Occasional on coastal screes. 142849

Scotch thistle. Common around the coast. 142690

Hawksbeard. Common around coast and on interior 142713 rock outcrops.

Canadian fleabane. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional on exposed interior rocks and in Leptospermum forest. No specimen in A K . Probably a case of mis-identification as several sheets collected by Moore and Cranwell from the Chickens have recently been re­determined as E. floribundus.

Broad-leaved fleabane. Common to locally abundant 142710 in coastal areas. 142892

Creeping cudweed. Abundant in Leptospermum forest 142848 and open spaces throughout. 142851

Jersey cudweed. Abundant in open areas. 142855

Japanese cudweed. Common on coastal banks and screes 142846

Purple cudweed. Common on coastal banks and screes 142847 and exposed interior rock outcrops.

Rare; growing on base of fallen Collospermum in opening 142839 in opening in coastal forest.

Hypochoeris radicata *

Lagenifera pumila

Olearia albida

O. furfuracea

Picris echioides*

P. heiracioides

Senecio bipinnatisectus*

S. glomeratus

S. kirkii

S. lautus

S. quadridentatus

Sonchus asper*

S. oleraceus*

Comments A K No.

Catsear. Abundant around coastline and on interior rock outcrops.

Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional in Leptospermum forest. No specimen in A K .

Auckland tree daisy. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional in Leptospermum forest. A K 35226, 7 col l . Moore and Cranwell 26.1 1.34.

Akepiro. Occasional in forest and scrub throughout.

Locally abundant on coastal screes. A K 77608 col l . Moore and Cranwell.

Abundant in grassland around lighthouse (above Lighthouse Bay). Not seen elsewhere.

Australian fireweed. Occasional on coastal screes.

Abundant on rock outcrops along central ridges.

Kirk ' s tree daisy. Occasional in coastal forest, locally abundant on ridges and around interior rock outcrops.

Shore groundsel. Common on rocks above hightide and exposed interior rock outcrops.

Cotton fireweed. Abundant on interior rock outcrops, particularly on exposed ridges.

Prickly sow thistle. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional in coastal rock and scrub. A K 90889, 90 coll . Moore and Cranwell 14.11.33 and annotated "base of cliff in forest near Disphyma".

Sow thistle. Common in open or disturbed areas throughout.

142804

35226 35227

142663 142664

N . C . 77608

142837

142689

142665 142666 142667

142865

142892

142668 142840

90889 90890

142813

Family Species

Gentianaceae

Primulaceae

Plantaginaceae

Campanulaceae

Lobeliaceae

Solanaceae

Convolvulaceae

Centaurium erythraea*

Anagallis arvensis*

Samolus repens

Plant ago major*

P. raoulii

Wahlenbergia gracilis

Lobelia anceps

Physalis peruviana*

Solatium aviculare

S. nodiflorum

Calystegia sepium agg.

C. tugoriorum

Dichondra repens

Comments A K No .

Centaury. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional on exposed interior rocks and in Leptospermum forest. No specimen in A K , although there are several collections from the Chickens.

Scarlet pimpernel. Common on coastal screes and 142806 exposed inland rock outcrops.

Locally common in coastal rock crevices. 142887

Broad-leaved plantain. Rare, one or two specimens seen 142791 growing in amongst boulders on upper beach, Reischek Bay.

Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring in coastal rock and scrub. No specimen in A K .

New Zealand harebell. Abundant on exposed coastal and 14287 1 interior rocks.

Shore lobelia. Abundant in coastal rocks and scrub. 142812

Cape gooseberry. Occasional plants in forest and scrub 142658 openings.

Poroporo. Common in forest openings in higher areas, 142865 particularly around the Pinnacles.

Small-flowered nightshade. Abundant in forest near 142805 the coast, particularly where avian burrows are dense.

Greater bindweed. Abundant in coastal and kanuka 142709 scrub.

Locally common at tops of boulder beaches, e.g. 142688 Pukanui Bay. 142817

Mercury Bay weed. Abundant in lower coastal 142691 forests." 142966

Family Species

Scrophulariaceae

Gesneriaceae

Myoporaceae

Verbenaceae

Orobanchaceae

Phytolaccaceae

MONOCOTYLEDONES Liliaceae

He be bollonsii

H. parviflora

H. stricta var. stricta

Rhabdothamnus solandri

Myoporum laetum

Vitex lucens

Orobanche minor*

Phytolacca octandra*

Arthropodium cirratum

Astelia banksii

A. nervosa

A. solandri

A. trinervia

Collospermum hastatum

Comments A K No .

Abundant in coastal scrub, common in coastal forest 142819 throughout. Very variable and often difficult to 142820 distinguish from H. macrocarpa.

Common shrub or tree in all major habitats. 142626

Koromiko . Listed by Cranwell and Moore as locally abundant in Leptospermum forest. No specimen in A K although there are several collections from the Chickens.

Waiautua. Abundant in dry coastal forest throughout. 142755

Ngaio. Occasional in extreme coastal scrub, e.g. above 142862 beach in Wilson Bay.

Puriri. Large trees common in mature coastal forest. 142696

Broomrape. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as growing 93269 on Apium. A K 93269 coll . Moore and Cranwell 17.11.33.

Inkweed. Common weed in extreme coastal scrub and 142801 forest openings.

Renga l i ly . Abundant in rock crevices, both coastal and inland.

Abundant on coastal and inland rock outcrops.

Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring in Leptospermum forest. No specimen in A K .

Abundant in kanuka forest, common on inland rock outcrops.

Kauri grass. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring in Leptospermum forest near the kauri tree. No specimen in A K .

Abundant in forest and scrub throughout. Epiphytic and rupestral.

142869

142852 142876

142742

142861

Family Species

Smilaceae

Agavaceae

Juncaceae

Typhaceae

Iridaceae

Palmae

Orchidaceae

Diane I la nigra

Xeronema callistemon

Ripogonum scandens

Cordyline australis

C. banksii

Phormium tenax

Juncus gregiflorus

Typha orientalis

Libertia ixioides

Rhopalostylis sapida

Acianthus fornicatus var. sine

Caladenia carnea

Dendrobium cunninghamii

Drymoanthus adversus

Comments

Turutu; blueberry. Occasional in dry forest throughout.

Poor Knight's l i ly . Scattered large clumps around upper edges of large rock outcrops on valley sides north and northeast of Dragonsmouth Cove.

Supplejack. Extensive colonies in more mature forests throughout. Particularly abundant on sides of damp valley

Cabbage tree. Locally abundant throughout. Many exceptionally large specimens can be found towering over senescent kanuka on central ridges.

T i ngahere. Uncommon in kanuka forest.

New Zealand flax. Common on exposed inland rock outcrops; locally abundant in Leptospermum forest.

Listed by Cranwell and Moore without habitat or abundance. No specimen in A K .

Raupo. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as very rare in Leptospermum forest (on wet slip a few metres long). No specimen in A K .

Listed by Cranwell and Moore without habitat or abundance. A K 108670 col l . Moore and Cranwell 14.11.33.

Nikau. Locally very abundant in coastal and more mature kanuka forests. Large, drooping fronds give the forest a very tropical aspect.

Locally abundant in kanuka forest throughout.

Rare; growing amongst mosses at edge of scrub on summit of Baldy.

Common in coastal forest, epiphytic from the bases of Collospermum.

Occasional epiphyte on extreme coastal trees.

Family Species

Cyperaceae

Earina autumnalis

E. mucronata

Microtis unifolia

Pterostylis banksii

P. graminea var. rubricaulis

P. trullifolia

Thelymitra longifolia

Carex breviculmis

C. vacillans

Cyperus ustulatus

Gahnia lacera

G. setifolia

Lepidosperma laterale

Comments A K No .

Uncommon; both epiphytic and rupestral around the 142736 Pinnacles.

Common in coastal forest. 142756

Common in low turf on top of exposed inland rock 142778 outcrops.

Green-hooded orchid. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as 108590 occurring on rock in coastal forest and in Leptospermum forest. A K 108590 col l . Moore and Cranwell 17.11.33 and annotated " i n manuka near camp".

Locally abundant in kanuka forest. 142808

Locally abundant in kanuka forest. Commonly 142716 associated with Acianthus and P. graminea var. rubricaulis.

Sun orchid. Abundant on exposed coastal and inland 142676 rocks.

Rare; growing on large outcrop on beach in Dragons- 142838 mouth Cove in low turf community.

Common in coastal and kanuka forests throughout. Usually growing in shade where its leaves are dark green and flattened. A n apparently distinct form, abundant under scrub around coastline and in more exposed situations, had lighter green, channelled leaves.

Common on coastal screes and in extreme coastal 142823 scrub.

Common around streams in coastal forest. 142784

Occasional clumps in kanuka near the large kauri tree. 142774 None appear particularly healthy, and the maturing community may be excluding this species.

Sword sedge. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring 109580 in one locality. A K 1 0 9 5 8 0 col l . Moore and Cranwell 28.11.34.

Family- Species

a x

Schoenus tendo

Scirpus cernuus

S. nodosus

Uncinia banksii

U. laxiflora

U. uncinata

Gramineae Agropyron kirkii Zotov

Aira caryophyllea*

Briza minor*

Bromus arenarius Lab.

B. diandrus*

Cortaderia jubata*

C. splendens Connor

Dactylis glomerata *

Deyeuxia billardieri

Comments A K No .

Listed by Cranwell and Moore from one locality in Leptospermum forest. No collection in A K .

Abundant in coastal rock crevices.

Common on extreme coastal banks.

Hooked sedge. Locally abundant in dry coastal forest.

Hooked sedge. Occasional in dry coastal forest.

Hooked sedge. Common in dry coastal forest.

Listed by Cranwell and Moore as locally abundant on coastal rocks. No specimen in A K , although there are several sheets from the Chickens.

Silvery hair grass. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as abundant to dominant on exposed coastal and interior rocks. A K 98172 col l . Moore and Cranwell 14.11.33 from "base of cliffs in forest near Disphyma".

Shivery grass. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring in Leptospermum forest. No specimen in A K .

Listed by Cranwell and Moore as locally abundant on coastal rocks. No specimen in A K .

Ripgut brome. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional on coastal rocks and local on exposed interior rocks. No specimen in A K .

Purple pampas grass. A few young clumps were seen on the foreshore in Old Woman Cove.

Coastal toetoe. Occasional clumps in coastal scrub.

Cocksfoot. Common on coastal and exposed interior rock outcrops.

Sand wind grass. Abundant on coastal rocks and screes.

142834

142990

142669 142824

142669

142773

98172 98173 98177 98184

142822

142825

142721

142789

Family Species

Dichelachne crinita (Linn.f.) Hook.f .

Echinopogon ovatus (Forst.f.) Beauv.

Lachnagrostis filiformis

Microlaena avenacea

M. polynoda Hook.f .

Notodanthonia biannularis o

N. unarede

Oplismenus imbecillis (R.Br.) Roem. & Schult.

Paspalum dilatatum*

Poa anceps Forst.f.

P. annua*

P. imbecilla Forst.f.

Sporobolus africanus*

Tristetum antarcticum Tr in .

Comments A K No.

Long-hair plume grass. Common on coastal rocks and screes.

142687 142885

Hedgehog grass. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as locally abundant on exposed interior rocks.

109968

New Zealand wind grass. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as frequent on coastal rocks. No specimen in A K .

Bush rice grass. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as very 109883 rare in climax coastal forest. A K 109883 col l . Moore and Cranwell 14.11.33.

Abundant on ridges in coastal and kanuka forest. 142758

Danthonia. Abundant on coastal screes, rocks and 142720 exposed inland rock outcrops.

Danthonia. Not listed by Cranwell and Moore; however, 110130 a specimen A K 110130 coll . Moore and Cranwell 17.11.33 from Hen Island is found in A K .

Common in coastal and kanuka forest throughout. 142891

Paspalum. Local on coastal cliffs. N . C .

Common on coastal cliffs and screes. 142786

Local on coastal rocks. 142830

Abundant on exposed coastal and interior rocks. 142944

Ratstail. Abundant on rocks throughout and coastal 142810 cliffs.

Listed by Cranwell and Moore as rare to abundant on 110295 coastal rocks. A K 110295, 6 coll . Moore and Cranwell 110296 17.11.33.

Family Species

Vulpia bromoides*

V. myuros*

O o

Comments A K No .

Vulpia hair grass. Common on coastal cliffs and exposed 142888 inland rock outcrops.

Vulpia hair grass. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional on coastal rocks, abundant on exposed interior rocks and abundant in Leptospermum forest. One flowering head of V. myuros is included in a collection of Dichelachne crinita, A K 110016 col l . Moore and Cranwell 15.11.33 from "rock in forest".

NEW RECORDS

The following thirty-two taxa were not listed by Cranwell and Moore (1935), but were found during the present survey:

Blechnum vulcanicum Caladenia carnea Carduus tenuiflorus Carex breviculmis C. vacillans Cortaderia jubata Crassula decumbens Ctenitis decomposita Cyathodes fraseri Daucus glochidiatus Drosera auriculata Erigeron floribundus Euphorbia peplus Gnaphalium ustulatum Hydrocotyle cf. americana (a) H. cf. americana (b)

H. sp. (not in Al lan 1961) Hymenophyllum scabrum Notodanthonia unarede Paspalum dilatatum Physalis peruviana Phytolacca octandra Poa annua P. imbecilla Pterostylis graminea var. rubricaulis Sagina apetala Stellaria media Tmesipteris elongata T. lanceolata T. tannensis Trichomanes elongatum Uncinia laxiflora

COMPOSITION OF THE F L O R A

A numerical breakdown of the Flora of Hen Island according to plant groupings and native or adventive status is given in Table 1.

Table 1. Breakdown of the Vascular Flora of Hen Island according to plant groups and native or adventive status.

Cranwell & Moore (1935)

Present Survey

Combined

Native Ferns and Fern-Allies 46 50 55 Native Gymnosperm 1 1 1 Native Dicotyledons 118 103 125 Adventive Dicotyledons 23 22 33 Native Monocotyledons 48 40 54 Adventive Monocotyledons 8 7 10

T O T A L S 244 223 278

101

R E F E R E N C E S

Allan, H . H . 1961: "F lo ra of New Zealand. Volume 1." Government Printer, Wellington, 1085p.

Cranwell, L . M . & Moore L . B . 1935: Botanical Notes on the Hen and Chickens Islands. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 1(6): 301-318.

Moore, L .B . & Edgar, E. 1970: "F lo ra of New Zealand. Volume 2." Government Printer, Wellington, 354p.

New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Society 1969: "Standard Common Names for Weeds in New Zealand". Editorial Services, Wellington, 141 p.

102