VCE Chemistry

Units 1

Unit 1• Atomic Structure• Atomic Mass and Mole Calculations• Ionic Bonding• Metallic Bonding• Covalent Bonding• Organic Chemistry• Polymers

KINETIC THEORY OF

MATTERVCE Chem Unit 1

What is matter?

• Anything that has mass and takes up space

Matter

Kinetic Theory of Matter…• All matter is made up of particles• Different substances have different

sized particles• Particles are always moving - move

faster at higher temperatures• Particles are held together by bonds that vary in strength

States o MatterSolids Liquids Gases

Space between particles

Very small Very small Large

Bond between particles

Strong (rigid structure)

Strong Very weak

Movement of particles

Vibrate in a fixed position

Roll over each other

Move freely

States of Matter

• Substances change state when energy or heat is added to them

• Heat gives the particles more kinetic energy causing them to expand

• *copy the diagram

Changes in states of matter

• Melting Point• Freezing Point• Boiling Point • Condensation Point

Write a definition for the following words:

Most atoms are combined with others in nature.

PHASE CHANGECH3CH2OH (l) CH3CH2OH (g)

CHEMICAL CHANGE CH3CH2OH + 3 O2 2 CO2 + 3 H2O

Pure Substances and Mixtures

Elements and Compounds

• Consist of only 1 type of atom

O O OO O

OO

O

O OOO

O

Oxygen Atom

Element

Example: oxygen

Elements-

• A group of two or more atoms linked together by a covalent bond

O O

Examples: oxygen water

O

HH

Molecule-

• A group of two or more DIFFERENT atoms linked together by a bond Examples:

salt

Na

Cl

Compound-

PRACTISE

Each shape below represents an atom of a particular element. a) State whether each is a representation of a group of atoms or a group of molecules.b) State whether the diagram represents an element, a compound, or a mixture.

Practise

                                                            

In a physical change, the substance involved remains the same substance, even though it may change state or form.

In a chemical change, the original substance is changed into one or more different substances that have different properties.

Physical vs. Chemical Changes

3

The following are clues that a chemical change has happened:

• Heat or light is given off

• Bubbles of gas are formed

• A new colour appears

• The change is difficult to reverse

• A solid material (called a precipitate) forms in a liquid