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Vegetable Crops –PLSC 451/551Lecture 11, Irish or White Potato
Instructor:Dr. Stephen L. LoveAberdeen R & E Center1693 S 2700 WAberdeen, ID 83210Phone: 397-4181 Fax: 397-4311Email: [email protected]
Idaho Potato Field – Modern Intensive Production
Organic/ Market Garden Production
Ecuador – Subsistence Production
Potato
Taxonomy
Dicotyledon
Family: Solanaceae
Genus and species: Solanum tuberosum
gp tuberosum
gp andigena
Related species:
tomato, pepper, tobacco, nightshade
Potato
andigena characteristics:
Short-day adapted
Extremely variable
Some high in alkaloids
Potato
tuberosum characteristics:
Day-neutral
Narrow genetic base
Market-based variability
Low in alkaloids
Potato
Domestication
Harvested and/or cultivated in the Peruvian Andes 10,000 years ago
Spread to most of South America by 1000 AD
Imported into Europe by Spanish around 1570
Brought to North America from Europe around 1720
Spread to much of the world by 1800
(Became popular because of ability to survive war)
Potato
South AmericanVarieties
Derived from several local wild species
Potato
North American and World Varieties
Derived from European accessions (late 1700s)
Potato
Use and importance
Ranks as 4th most important food crop (most important of dicots)
Dry matter production/unit area exceeds wheat, barley and maize
World production is nearly 30 million mt
World Production – Modern Intensive
World Production – Total
Potato
Consumer use Industrial countries
30% of production
Fresh market boiled, fried and baked products for home and restaurant use
Potato
Consumer use Industrial countries
60% ofproduction
Processed french fries and other frozen/fried products, potato chips, dehydrated products, canned, starch products, other
Potato
Consumer use Developing countries
Fresh preparationboiled and fried for home use
Potato
Consumer use Developing countries
Processed Home-made potato flour products, glass noodles, tunta and chuno
Potato
Making chuno and tunta
Potato
Adaptation
Climate
Cool, temperate, moist
Equatorial highlands
High deserts (irrigated)
Winter seasons in hot climates
Potato
Propagation
Clonal system
Seed quality
Certification
Potato
Production – Stand establishment
Seed preparation
cut vs whole seed
seed treatments
chitting
Potato
Diseases
Fungal
Bacterial
Viral
Potatoes are susceptible to many diseases at all stages of growth and storage, making control an important production consideration
Potato
Diseases
Fungal
Late blight
Potato
Diseases
Fungal
Verticillium wilt
Potato
Diseases
Fungal
Early blight
Potato
Diseases
Fungal
Fusarium dry rot
Potato
Diseases
Bacterial
Ring rot
Potato
Diseases
Bacterial
Soft rot
Potato
Diseases
Bacterial
Common scab
Potato
Diseases
Viral
Leafroll
Potato
Diseases
Viral
Potato Virus Y
Potato
Disease control
Fungal diseasesFungicides, crop rotation, genetic resistance
Bacterial diseasesSanitation, proper healing
Viral diseasesVector control, seed certification, genetic resistance
Potato
Weed controlWeed control
Hoeing
Mechanical cultivation
Herbicides
Potato
Insects
Colorado potato beetle
Green peach aphid
Wireworm
Nematodes
Potato
Insect Control
Natural predators
Physical methods
Insecticides
Potato
Harvest
Maturation
Minimizing injury
Potato
Postharvest handling and storage
CoolingWound healing
Potato
Storage and Quality Maintenance
TemperatureHumiditySprout inhibition
Potato
Quality
Based on:
Tuber size distribution
Tuber conformation
Overall appearance
Tuber solids (or specific gravity)
Tuber sugar content
Potato
Use Suitability
Best use based on tuber starch content (specific gravity):
1.060-1.075 Boiling and canning
1.075-1.085 Baking and boiling
1.080-1.095 French frying and baking
1.085-1.100 Chipping and french frying
Potato – Modern Intensive
Mechanization
Expense
Potato – Modern Intensive
Variety Selection
Based on end use
Potato – Modern Intensive
Seed Management
Potato – Modern Intensive
Fertilization
Inorganic sources
Seasonal applications
Potato – Modern Intensive
Pest and weed control
Crop rotation
Pesticides
Green manures
Mechanical control
Potato – Modern Intensive
Storage – 12 month supply
Potato – Modern Intensive
Storage temperature considerations
Potato – Organic/Market Garden
Variety Selection
Based on:
Market preference
Resistance to pests
Potato – Organic/Market Garden
Seed management
Single drop seed
Certified seed
Sanitation
Potato – Organic/Market Garden
Fertilization
Applications of:
Organic matter
Organic supplements
Green Manures
Rotation with legumes
Potato – Organic/Market Garden
Disease Control
Certified seed
Genetic resistance
Avoidance (location)
Sanitation
Crop rotations
Approved fungicides
Potato – Organic/Market Garden
Insect Control
Exclusion
Flaming
Predators
Approved insecticides
Potato – Organic/Market Garden
Weed control
Avoidance
Weed bank control
Cultivation
Manual
Potato – Subsistence
Variety selection
Dependability
Resistance
Personal choice
Potato – Subsistence
Seed management
Whole seed
Short dormancy
Return planting
Potato – Subsistence
Pest management
Use of land races
Elimination
Potato – Subsistence
Storage
Clamp systems
Home processing
Ground storage
