Verbals Review

Bell Ringer 04/14Dr. Anne Savage, a conservation biologist, had directed these studies.Choose the revision of this sentence that uses a gerund phrase.A Dr. Anne Savage, a conservation biologist, has been selected to direct these studies.B Directing these studies is a conservation biologist named Dr. Anne Savage.C A conservation biologist named Dr. Anne Savage is directing these studies.D Chosen to direct these studies is a conservation biologist named Dr. Anne Savage.

Verbal Review –use notes1. What are the three types of

verbals2. Describe each.

3. Find the verb in this sentence:

Standing in the rain, the cat meowed.

Verbals Review A VERBAL is a verb form that does not

act as a true verb.

1. The fireworks thrilled the onlookers. TRUE VERB

2. The thrilled crowd cheered. VERBAL.

Which words are nouns?Alaska is fun. English is difficult. That is ice cream.

How can you add any noun, but can you add an action?_______ is fun. _______ is difficult. That is __________.

How can you add any noun, but can you add an action?Swimming is fun. Working is difficult. That is ballet dancing.

These are gerunds.

Gerunds Verbals that end in “ing” Used as nouns Function and way a noun can 1. subjects 2. direct objects 3. objects of preposition

Gerund as SubjectPitching was difficult for Maria.

“Pitching” functions as the subject of the sentence.

Gerund as direct objectShe avoided pitching.

“Pitching” functions as the direct object.

Gerund as Object of PrepositionShe disliked the pressure of pitching.

Functions as object of preposition.

Gerund Practice: Write the gerund and tell whether it functions as SUBJECT, DIRECT OBJECT, or OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION.

1. Diving is difficult for Andrew. 2. By practicing, he is improving his

dives. 3. Soon Michaela will start swimming on a

team. 4. Good coaching from Miss Rodriguez is

sharpening her technique. 5. Sergio is beginning his training next

week.

NOTES! The functions of gerunds. As Subject: The chirping sounded

sweet. As direct object: Lucille enjoys

swimming. As predicate noun: David’s greatest

talent is playing the piano. As object of the preposition: Randall

never gets tired of surfing.

InfinitivesUsually consists of the basic form of a verb preceded by the word “to”.

It can function as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.

Infinitive as a NounThe boys liked to swim.

Functions as a noun.

Direct object of liked.

Infinitive as AdjectiveThe team had many laps to go.

Functions as an adjective and modifies “laps”

Infinitives as AdverbsThe captain is always anxious to win.

Functions as an adverb, modified anxious.

Infinitive Practice:write whether each infinitive acts as a NOUN, an Adjective, or an Adverb.

1. To skate is her one and only goal. 2. Coach Jackson is teaching her to spin. 3. At the beginning of the lesson, he

begins to demonstrate the move to students.

4. To compete in the regional competition would make Kim happy.

5. Kim needs more time to practice.

Participles Verbals that can act as adjectives. Present participle is formed by adding

“ing” to a verb. It describes an ongoing or present condition.

Past participle is formed by adding “ed” to a verb (can end in “en”)

It describes something that has already happened.

ParticiplesPresent participle:The confusing rules baffled him. (modifies rules). Past participle: The confused team played badly. (modifies team)

Practice: infinitive, gerund, or participle?1. Bowling is Reggie’s favorite sport. 2. Personally, I like to watch. 3. He begins to worry before a

tournament. 4. Excited players sometimes make

mistakes. 5. An athlete’s spirits are lifted by

cheering fans.

Prepositions Show the relationship between the

object and other words in the sentence.

Same phrase, different meaning. Out of pity, the man gave his shoes to

the beggar.

She did not want to win out of pity because she was so weak.

Prepositional Phrases at high speed at all costs for the sake of by surprise on demand in a heap in an uproar out of spite

in danger in mid-air to date under age with the help of without warning under the command

of under arrest