Verification & Establishment of baseline data for … & Establishment of baseline data for Power Distributed Circles Ankur Singh Choudhary ... distribution area

1 Verification and Establishment of Baseline Data for Power Distribution Circles

Verification & Establishment of baseline

data for Power Distributed Circles

Ankur Singh Choudhary

(Dated: 2nd August 2013)


Summer Internship Report on

Verification & Establishment of baseline data for Power

Distributed Circles

MBA-PM 2012-2014

Ankur Singh Choudhary

Roll No. 18

Mr. Sunil Sharma Ms. Indu Maheshwari

ICRA Management Consulting Services Limited National Power Training

Institute

Affiliated to


DECLARATION

I, ANKUR SINGH CHOUDHARY, ROLL NO 1031228, student of MBA (POWER

MANAGEMENT) at National Power Training Institute, Faridabad hereby declare that the

Training Report entitled –

“Verification and Establishment of baseline data for Power Distribution Utilities” is an

original work and the same has not been submitted to any other institute for the award of any

degree.

A seminar presentation of the training report was made on -----------------------------

And the suggestions as approved by the faculty were duly incorporated.

Mrs. Indu Maheshwari Ankur Singh Choudhary

Project In charge MBA (Power Mgmt.)

NPTI Faridabad NPTI Faridabad

Counter Signed

Director/Principal of the Institute


Acknowledgement

A summer project is a golden opportunity for learning and self-development. I consider

myself very lucky and honored to have so many wonderful people lead me through in

completion of this project.

I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to Mr. Sunil

Varma Marri, Head (Energy Practice), and Mr. Sunil Sharma AGM (Energy Practice)

ICRA Management Consulting Services Limited, who in spite of being extraordinarily

busy with his duties, took time out to hear, guide and keep me on the correct path and

allowing me to carry out my internship project work at their esteemed organization and

extending during the training.

I am obliged to staff members Ms Neeti Suhag and Mr. Rohit Singh for taking part in useful

decision & giving necessary advices and guidance and arranged all facilities to make life

easier. I choose this moment to acknowledge their contribution gratefully.

I also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to my internal guide Ms. Indu

Maheshwari for his guidance and support. He helped me all time when I needed and he gave

right direction towards completion of project.

Place: Noida Ankur Singh Choudhary

Date: 02/08/2013 MBA-PM 2012-2014


Index

S.No Contents Page No.

1.0 Abbreviation 5

2.0 Executive Summary 6

3.0 Chapter 1 8

3.1 Introduction: ICRA Management Consulting Services

Limited

8

3.2 Title of Project 10

3.3 Need of the Study 10

3.4 Objectives of the Assignment 11

3.5 Scope of work 11

3.6 Research Methodology 12

3.7 Limitations 14

3.8 Challenges 14

4.0 Chapter 2 16

4.1 Literature Review 16

4.2 Referencing 17

5.0 Chapter 3 : Module I Consumer Profile 19

6.0 Chapter 4 : Module II Consumer Metering 21

7.0 Chapter 5 : Module III Feeder/DTR Metering 24

8.0 Chapter 6 : Module IV Energy Audit 26

9.0 Chapter 7: Module V Losses Determination 32

10.0 Chapter 8: Module VI Investment Requirement 35

11.0 Prerequisite of the Project 38

12.0 Bibliography 39

13.0 List of Annexure 41

List of Tables

Table 1: Various parameters covered under the Scope of Work.............................................11

Table 2: Modules for the assignment………………………………………………….........13

Table 3: Unmetered Sales Estimation Approaches..................................................................29

List of Figures

Figure 1: IMaCS Functional Areas...........................................................................................9

Figure 2: IMaCS Assignments.................................................................................................10

Figure 3: Research Methodology.............................................................................................12


List of Input Formats

Input Format 1: Category wise No. of consumers in Sub Division.........................................41

Input Format 2: Category wise no. Of consumers in Division................................................42

Input Format 3: Category wise no. Of consumers in Circle....................................................43

Input Format 4: Sub-Division wise Power demand /Contracted Power Demand...................44

Input Format 5: Sub-Division wise number of Consumers Metered.......................................47

Input Format 6: Division wise number of Consumers Metered..............................................48

Input Format 7: Sub-Division wise Meters Defective/Replaced.............................................49

Input Format 8: Division wise Meters Defective/Replaced.....................................................50

Input Format 9: Sub-division wise Meter Status.....................................................................54

Input Format 10: Division wise 11KV Feeder Meter Status...................................................55

Input Format 11: Division wise Metering of Distribution Transformer..................................56

Input Format 12: Sub-Division wise Energy Sold...................................................................59

Input Format 13: Sub-Division wise Energy Billed................................................................60

Input Format 14: 11KV feeder wise Energy Audit in Sub-division........................................63

Input Format 15: AT&C and Distribution loss calculation in a Sub-division.........................64

List of Output Formats

Output Format 1: Percentage of consumers Sub-Division Wise of Division „X‟....................45

Output Format 2: Percentage of consumers Division Wise of Circle „X‟...............................46

Output Format 3: Consumers Metered in Sub-division of Division ‟X‟..................................51

Output Format 4: Meter Requirement in Sub-Division of Division „X‟..................................52

Output Format 5: Meter Requirement in Division of Circle „X‟.............................................53

Output Format 6: Feeder/DTR Meter type in Sub-Division of Division „X‟..........................57

Output Format 7: Feeder/DTR Meter type in Division of Circle „X‟.....................................57

Output Format 8: DTR Metering in Divisions of Circle „X‟..................................................58

Output Format 9: Collection Efficiency (%) in Sub Divisions of Division „X‟.....................61

Output Format 10: Energy Billed Vs Energy Realized in Division „X‟.................................62

Output Format 11: Distribution loss in Division „X‟..............................................................65

Output Format 12: AT&C loss in Division „X‟........................................................................66


1.0 Abbreviations

AERC Assam Electricity Regulatory Commission

APDRP Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Programme

AT& C Aggregate Technical & Commercial

BERC Bihar Electricity Regulatory Commission

CSERC Chhattisgarh State Electricity Regulatory Commission

DERC Delhi Electricity Regulatory Commission

DTR Distribution Transformers

GERC Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission

HERC Haryana Electricity Regulatory Commission

HPERC Himachal Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission

HT High Tension

JERC Joint Electricity Regulatory Commission

JKSERC Jammu and Kashmir State Electricity Regulatory Commission

KVA Kilo Volt Ampere

IMaCS ICRA Management Consulting Services Limited

LT Low Tension

MERC Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission

MPERC Madhya Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission

MYT Multi Year Tariff

PSERC Punjab State Electricity Regulatory Commission

R-APDRP Re-structured Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Programme

RERC Punjab State Electricity Regulatory Commission

SERC State Electricity Regulatory Commission

TOD Time of Day

TOR Terms of Reference

TPIEA-EAs Third Party Inspection and Evaluating Agency-Energy Accounting


UPERC Uttar Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission

UERC Uttarakhand Electricity Regulatory Commission

2.0 Executive Summary

The project is aimed to propose a methodology to establish & verify a base line data for the

distribution utilities through which they are able to capture AT&C losses in a precise manner

and also to plan and implement correctives measured to bring down the losses.

The baseline data has to be established & verified in division wise, sub-division wise and

11KV feeder wise breakup. Establishment of baseline data is the necessary requirement o f

Part A of Re-structured Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Programme (R-

APDRP) launched by Government of India to achieve actual and demonstrable performance

in terms of sustained loss reduction, establishment of reliable and automated systems for

sustained collection of accurate base line data, and the adoption of Information Technology in

the areas of energy accounting.

The project is divided into three phases. Phase I aims to propose a methodology for the

establishment and verification of baseline data. It includes the approach for computation for

AT&C Losses for the distribution utility. The section also covers the methodology for

assessment of the investment required for meeting the infrastructural deficiencies. Phase II

focus on the methods for data collection of distribution area from the identified sources such

as utility. Phase III shall analyse the data collected from the sources and interpret the results

in the form of absolute numbers, figures, charts and graphs.

For the sake of simplicity, parameters under consideration are divided into 6 modules

namely; Consumer profile, Consumer Metering, Feeder/DT metering, Energy Audit, Losses

Determination and Investment Requirement. The methodology, data collection and data

analysis technique proposed are mentioned in each module. Different methodology shall be

considered for modules as per the parameter under evaluation. For instance, in the module

Consumer Profile the parameters under consideration are category wise number of

consumers, restricted & unrestricted energy demand and contracted demand in the

distribution area.


The data shall be collected from the billing records, revenue records of billing and IT

Centres. Also the data shall be acquired from individual sub-stations, SDO centres and the

utility. In some cases such as Feeder/DT metering, data on metering of feeders and

distribution transformers (DTS) would be obtained from sample study in identified regions to

determine the extent to which metering has been realized in each division, sub-division and to

identify the area of pilferage and improve supply conditions. Verification, consistency and

accuracy of the data can be done from multiple records, examination of physical records and

by conducting individual field studies wherever required.

The data obtained from various sources shall be transported into developed excel formats as

shown in list of annexure for analysis. The formats would be unique for each module and

shall present the data in absolute numbers or percentage, in the form of tables, figures and

graphs. The assessment of total investment requirement to overcome infrastructural

deficiencies is the aggregation of investment requirement in all 7 modules.


3.0 Chapter 1

3.1 Introduction: ICRA Management Consulting Services Limited

IMaCS is a multi- line management and development consulting firm headquartered in India.

IMaCS is a fully-owned subsidiary of ICRA Limited (ICRA), one of India's leading credit

rating agencies. It was de-merged from ICRA and became a standalone Company in March

2005. It has established track record of 17 years in consulting and a diversified client base

across various sectors and countries. IMaCS has completed over 1200 consulting assignments

and has worked in over 40 countries across the globe.

IMaCS' Energy Group is a leading provider of regulatory, policy consulting and transaction

advisory services to various stakeholders in the Energy sector. IMaCS energy services are

grouped across the following four broad functional areas:


Figure 1: IMaCS Functional Areas

• Techno-economic Feasibility Studies

• Bid Process Management

•Bidding Advisory

•Drafting & Negotiation Of PPAs/FSAs

•Financial Closure for Projects

•Strategic Equity Partnerships•M&A Advisory

•Due Diligence & Business Valuation

• Market Assessment/ Demand Estimation

•Business Planning

•Entry/growth Strategies

•Diversification/ Backward Integration Strategies

•Coping With Regulation

•Performance Measurement & Benchmarking

•Power Procurement

•Improving Competitiveness•Financial Strategy

•Project Risk Assessment

• Assessment of Project Sponsors & JV Partners

• Payment Security Mechanism

•Enterprise Risk Management •Counter Party Risk Assessment

•Pricing/Costing Models

•Tariff Setting Process •Institutional Development &

Capacity Building

•Regulatory Frameworks •Unbundling/ Corporatisation

•Demand Side Management

•Creating Competitive Wholesale & Retail Markets

•Performance Improvement

•Regulatory Information Systems

Reforms & Regulations

Risk Management

Transaction Advisory

Strategy & Operations


The Following assignments have been carried out by IMaCS in Baseline data: Load Research

and Energy Audit:

Figure 2: IMaCS Assignments

3.2 Title of Project

Verification & Establishment of Base line data for the Distribution Utility

3.3 Need of the Study

In the context of the Indian Power Sector, the distribution of electricity has always been the

weakest link. The distribution business, in most of the India States is plagued with the

problems of the high level of distribution and transmission losses, energy thefts,

inadequate/faulty metering, inaccurate billing and poor collection efficiency. The net

resultant is the abysmal revenue realization, insufficient to complement the ever- increasing

cost of supply. To bridge the gap between the revenue realisation and the cost of supply, the

State Distribution Companies/ Departments are required to resort to high level of Commercial

Borrowings/ Grants/subsidy from the Banks and FIs or State Government. The problem has

resulted into serious implications on the financial sustainability of the Discoms/ State

Distribution Departments. Therefore, it is imperative to take serious measures to improve the

health of the Distribution segment in the overall power sector.

•Determining AT & C Losses

•Estimation of unmetered agricultural consumption

•Detailed analysis of consumer indexing, single line diagram, loss estimation based on load flows, estimation of unmetered consumption in eight selected feeders

•Load Research including determination of category curves, estimation of technical losses

•Load Research and DSM Plan

•Load Research and Cost of Service•Financial appraisal of Municipal EE Projects

•M&E Frame work for agricultural consumption

•Detailed analysis for eight feeders

•Load Research and Base line data in two cities

•Six year Energy Audit for the power distribution system in about 320 cities/towns.

Baseline Data: Load

Research & Energy

Audit


With these objectives in mind, Government of India has also launched schemes such as

Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Programme (APDRP) and Re-structured

Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Programme (R-APDRP). The focus of these

programmes has been to achieve performance in terms of sustained loss reduction,

establishment of reliable and automated systems for collection of accurate base line data, and

the adoption of Information Technology in the areas of energy audit and accounting. Part A

of the scheme require preparation of baseline data for the distribution utility covering

consumer indexing, metering of distribution transformers and feeders, consumer mapping,

energy audit & accounting.

The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) of India is reporting one of the highest levels of

Transmission & Distribution losses in the country. As per the CEA (2012) report on

Highlights of Power sector all India T&D losses and AT&C loss of the FY 2009-10 were

25.39% and 27.15% respectively.

3.4 Objectives of the Assignment

The main objective of this assignment is to develop a methodology for establishment &

Verification of Base Line for the Distribution Utility.

3.5 Scope of Work

The scope of work includes study, verification and establishment of the following base line

data of the Distribution utility, giving Division wise, Sub-Division wise and 11 KV feeder

wise breakups for the following parameters:

Table 1: Various parameters covered under the Scope of Work

S. No. Parameters

1 Category wise No. of consumers

2 Power & energy demands. Unrestricted/restricted

3 Category wise contracted power demand

4 Category wise, status of consumer metering

4.1 No. of consumers with correct meters (Electronic/electromechanical)

4.2 No. of consumers with defective meters(Electronic/electromechanical)


S. No. Parameters

4.3 No. of consumers without meters

5 Status of feeder/DT meters

6 Energy Input into distribution system

7 Energy sold category wise

8 Losses at each level viz (66-33 KV, 11 KV and LT) Distribution losses

9 Energy billed and category wise revenue assessed

10 Revenue realized category wise

11 No. of distribution transmission damaged including transformers at 66/11 KV 33/11

KV 66/33/6.6 KV

12 AT&C losses at all levels

13 Investment required approval of infrastructural deficiencies

3.6 Research Methodology

The assignment is divided into three phases:

.

Phase – I: Development of Methodology

Phase – II Data Collection and research

Phase – III Data analysis and finalization of the results

Figure 3: Research Methodology

Considering the large number of parameters under study, the study and analysis of these

parameters are classified into separate modules. Total of 6 modules are envisaged. Hence, the

entire data collection, verification, analysis and interpretation exercise will be conducted

under 6 modules based on the relationship amongst the various parameters.

Phase -I

•Development of methodology and model

Phase - II

• Data collection and research

Phase -III

• Data analysis and finalisation of the results


Table 2: Modules for the assignment

Module Name Description Parameters covered

I Consumer Profile Consumer Mix 1. Category wise No. of

consumers

2. Power & energy demands.

(Unrestricted/restricted)

3. Category wise contracted

power demand

Demand

Estimation

II Consumer

Metering Metering Status

1. Category wise, status of consumer metering

2. No. of consumers with correct

meters

(Electronic/electromechanical)

3. No of consumers without meters

4. No. of consumers with defective meters(Electronic/electromechani

cal)

Replacement

requirement

III Feeder/DT Metering

Status of feeders metering

1. Status of feeder/DT meters

Status of DT metering

IV Energy Audit Energy Input

Energy Sold

Energy Billed Revenue Assessed

Revenue Realized

1. Energy Input into distribution

system

2. Energy sold category wise

3. Energy billed and category wise

revenue assessed

4. Revenue realized category wise

V Losses

Determination Distribution losses

1. Losses at each level viz (66-33 KV, 11 KV and LT)

Distribution losses

2. AT&C losses at all levels

AT& C Losses



VI Investment

Requirement

Addressing the

infrastructural deficiencies

1. No. of distribution

transmission damaged including transformers at 66/11 KV 33/11 KV 66/33/6.6

KV

2. Investment required approval of infrastructural deficiencies

The methodology for each of the 6 modules, along with the associated activities has been

discussed in the following sections. The analysis shall be carried out for each of the identified

circles separately, providing division wise, sub-division-wise and 11 kV feeder wise breakup.

3.7 Limitations

1. The data collected from utility/sub-station/billing centers may contain gaps/errors

which may affect the accuracy of computed losses and investment assessment.

2. In situations where energy data is not available from the identified sources,

assumptions may be taken on sample study basis which may not be in par with the

actual data.

3. The utility shall provide the accuracy certificates of the meters, in case of in-accurate

meters for energy accounting erroneous results may be obtained resulting in

overestimation/underestimation of losses and the investment.

4. For un-metered consumers data would be obtained on the basis of norms specified by

respective SERC. In fact none of the methods adopted by SERC‟s is accurate and

therefore may affect the computed results. Therefore, it is imperative to meter all the

consumers for accurate estimation.

3.8 Challenges faced by IMACS

1. Obtain a reliable data for each module from identified sources.

2. Perform sample study for the parameters under evaluation in identified areas which

are remotely located.


3. Transportation of data obtained from the sources in various forms (Excel, text, hard

copy) into a common platform for analysis.

4. Delays in obtaining the data from the identified sources.

5. Collection of data from multiple records for verification.


4.0 Chapter 2

4.1 Literature Review

Research Problem: Establishment of baseline data for the distribution utility?

(A) Singh (2012) in the director report submitted to money control pointed out that as on

March 31, 2012, over 1200 towns were ring fenced by installation of boundary meters to

enable utilities to account for the import and export of energy in these towns and to establish

baseline AT&C losses. Similarly, Umashankar (2012) published in his report titled The

Performance of State Power Utilities for the Years 2008-09 to 2010-11 that reliable &

verifiable baseline data for revenue & energy were required for verifying exact AT&C losses

in an area and further detection of commercial and technical loss pockets.

(B) Kumar (2011) in Delhi in a meeting with TPIEA-EAs and system meter manufacturers

expressed concern at various utilities declaring their project areas as ring fenced, whereas

gaps are detected in the same during field verification by TPIEA-EAs. He advised utilities to

get ring fencing of project areas verified from TPIEA-EAs prior to recording & compiling

three billing cycle data. In line of the above, Singh (2011) stated that at least five states

namely Bihar, Jharkhand, Goa, Jammu & Kashmir and Chhattisgarh have appointed IT

implementing agencies for collection of baseline data. Also, various prominent issues

affecting implementation such as GIS based consumer indexing, asset mapping, metering,

ring fencing, billing cycle data, TPIEA-EA issues etc. are also discussed with respective state

utilities.

(C) Abraham (2006) in the report on restructuring of APDRP responded to planning

commission and Utilities that Baseline data preparation while it was of utmost necessity was

not as readily available since computerized systems were still under implementation and in

very nascent form and will take few to many years depending on the present stage in different

Utilities.

(D) In the report (“Methodology for,”2009) Power Finance Corporation of India published

the methodology for Establishing Baseline AT&C losses. The Aggregate Technical and

Commercial (AT&C) Losses shall be used for purpose of the R-APDRP. On a similar line


Forum of Regulators also proposed the method of computation of AT&C losses in the report

(“Loss Reduction,”2008).

(E) Jharkhand State Electricity Regulatory Commission (JSERC) in the report (“Aggregate

Revenue Requirement,” 2011) mentioned that tenders have already been floated for

establishment of baseline parameters which include installation of energy meters at Urban

Periphery of the covered towns, Installation of feeder meters in covered areas, Installation of

DTR meters, and Consumer indexing. Similarly, Bihar State Electricity Board (BSEB) in the

tender (“Request for Proposal,” 2011) mentioned that it is implementing a project for

establishment of Baseline data and IT application for energy accounting/auditing and IT

based consumer service center. It Covers: Consumer Indexing, GIS Mapping, Metering of

balance Distribution Transformers and Feeders, Automatic Data log in for all distribution

Transformer and Feeders, SCADA/DMS system.

4.2 Referencing:

1. Singh, S. (2012, March 31) Director Report. Retrieved from

http://www.moneycontrol.com/annual-report/powerfinancecorporation/directors-

report/PFC02 last accessed on 22/05/13 last accessed on 09/05/13

2. Umashankar, P. (2012, June 31) the Performance of State Power Utilities for the Years

2008-09 to 2010-11. Retrieved from

http://www.pfcindia.com/writereaddata/userfiles/file/ResearchReport/Performance_Repor

t_State_Power_Utilities_forfy_2008-09to2010-11_03102012.pdf last accessed on

22/03/13

3. Kumar, A. (2011, February 3) Utilities advised to get verification of ring-fencing done

prior to compiling data for establishment of baseline AT&C losses. Retrieved from

http://www.apdrp.gov.in/newsletterpdf/r-apdrp_highlights-8.pdf last accessed on

22/05/13

4. Singh, S. (2011, February 3) R-APDRP Review Meets Chaired by CMD (PFC)

boosting programme implementation in the country. Retrieved from

http://www.apdrp.gov.in/newsletterpdf/r-apdrp_highlights-8.pdf last accessed on

22/05/13

5. Jharkhand State Electricity Board, (2011) Aggregate Revenue Requirement & Tariff

Petition For FY 2011-12 And True-up from FY 2003-04 to FY 2010-11

http://jserc.org/pdf/notice/JSEB%20Tariff%20Petition%2031122010-Final%20Print.pdf

last accessed on 23/05/13

http://www.moneycontrol.com/annual-report/powerfinancecorporation/directors-report/PFC02%20last%20accessed%20on%2022/05/13

http://www.moneycontrol.com/annual-report/powerfinancecorporation/directors-report/PFC02%20last%20accessed%20on%2022/05/13

http://www.pfcindia.com/writereaddata/userfiles/file/ResearchReport/Performance_Report_State_Power_Utilities_forfy_2008-09to2010-11_03102012.pdf

http://www.pfcindia.com/writereaddata/userfiles/file/ResearchReport/Performance_Report_State_Power_Utilities_forfy_2008-09to2010-11_03102012.pdf

http://www.apdrp.gov.in/newsletterpdf/r-apdrp_highlights-8.pdf%20last%20accessed%20on%2022/05/13

http://www.apdrp.gov.in/newsletterpdf/r-apdrp_highlights-8.pdf%20last%20accessed%20on%2022/05/13

http://jserc.org/pdf/notice/JSEB%20Tariff%20Petition%2031122010-Final%20Print.pdf


6. Abraham, P. (2006, October) Report on Restructuring of APDRP. Retrieved from

http://powermin.nic.in/whats_new/pdf/Report%20on%20Restructuring%20of%20APDR

P.pdf last accessed on 23/05/13

7. Bihar State Electricity Board, (2011) Request for Proposal (RFP) for Appointment of

Distribution Franchisee. Retrieved from http://tenders.bih.nic.in/tenderdocs/NIT%20No-

22%20%28RFP%29.pdf last accessed on 24/05/13

8. Forum of Regulators, (2008) Report on Loss Reduction Strategies. Retrieved from

http://www.forumofregulators.gov.in/Data/HomePage/FOR%20Report%20on%20Loss%

20Reduction%20Strategy-11.11.2008.pdf last accessed on 25/05/13

9. Power Finance Corporation Limited, (2009), Methodology for Establishing Baseline

AT&C losses. Retrieved from

http://www.hpseb.com/guidelines%20for%20AT&C%20losses.pdf last accessed on

25/05/13

http://powermin.nic.in/whats_new/pdf/Report%20on%20Restructuring%20of%20APDRP.pdf

http://powermin.nic.in/whats_new/pdf/Report%20on%20Restructuring%20of%20APDRP.pdf

http://tenders.bih.nic.in/tenderdocs/NIT%20No-22%20%28RFP%29.pdf

http://tenders.bih.nic.in/tenderdocs/NIT%20No-22%20%28RFP%29.pdf

http://www.forumofregulators.gov.in/Data/HomePage/FOR%20Report%20on%20Loss%20Reduction%20Strategy-11.11.2008.pdf


http://www.hpseb.com/guidelines%20for%20AT&C%20losses.pdf


5.0 Chapter 3

5.1 MODULE I: CONSUMER PROFILE


I

Consumer Profile

Consumer Mix

Demand Estimation

1. Category wise No. of consumers

2. Power & energy demands. (Unrestricted/restricted)

3. Category wise contracted power demand

Objective of Module I

The objective of module I is to collect and verify the data of number of consumers served by

the utility. The data shall be categorized according to the type of consumers supplied by the

utility. There are large number of loads connected across the length of the distribution

system, hence segregations of such loads according to the category, power and energy

demand, contracted power demand is essential to forecast the individual demand, identify

areas of infrastructural strengthening and the amount of investment required in each category

to improve the power system operations.

Phase – I: Methodology

The First step in establishment & verification of consumer profile would involve collection of

data of distribution circles from the utility. The obtained data would be tabulated into the

framework developed for each consumer category in dub-division, division and 11KV feeder

wise. The power and energy demand can be obtained on the basis of the total connected load

on the system, category of consumer, applicable losses in the system and the projected

increase in the number of consumers. The captured details and consistency of the data shall

be checked by identification of common errors, examination of physical records and

collection from multiple resources as and when required to obtain accurate estimation of each

category.


Phase – II: Data Collection and research

The data shall be collected from the various data sources at different levels. The category

wise list of consumers served by the utility shall be obtained from the orders/regulations of

individual SERC and the billing records. The data on power and energy demands (restricted

& unrestricted) is maintained by individual substations and can be obtained from the sub-

station records. The data on category wise consumer contracted demand shall be obtained

from the billing and consumer revenue records at billing and IT centers. Verification,

consistency and accuracy of the data shall be done from multiple records, examination of

physical records and by conducting individual field studies wherever required.

Phase – III: Data analysis and finalization of the results

The analysis of obtained data would require development of excel models for every

parameter under evaluation in sub-division, division and feeder wise. As indicated above the

power and energy demand can be obtained on the basis of the total connected load on the

system, category of consumer, applicable losses in the system and the projected increase in

the number of consumers. The distribution loss in the region is then added into the calculated

energy requirement to determine the energy availability at division periphery. The data gaps

so obtained shall be rectified with the utility. If required, field analysis of the data on sample

consumer basis shall be done on connected load and demand and diversity factor shall be

applied for developing approximations for identified areas. The indicative format for category

wise analysis of number of consumers, Power & Energy demand (restricted/unrestricted) and

contracted power demand is shown in Annexure A.


6.0 Chapter 4

6.1 MODULE II: CONSUMER METERING


II

Consumer Metering

Metering Status

Replacement requirement

1. Category wise, status of consumer metering

2. No. of consumers with defective

meters (Electronic/electromechanical)

3. No. of consumers with correct meters

(Electronic/electromechanical)

Objective of Module II

The objective of this module is to determine the status of the consumers metered by the

utility. There might be some consumer meters under each category which are not reading,

identified defective or reading defective. Feeding such un-metered loads result in direct

revenue loss for the utility as consumers are either not billed or billed on some assumptions.

Hence, it is imperative to determine the metering status of consumers under each division,

sub-division and feeder level for accurate estimation of commercial losses and the investment

that would be required for the rectification/ replacement of these meters.

A large percentage of power loss occurs due to theft/pilferage of electricity at distribution,

sub-distribution level. The main reason for such loss is the tampering, bypassing or slowing

down of electromechanical meters installed at consumer premises. To avoid this menace, it is

now mandated to replace all the electromechanical meters with the advanced electronic

meters. Therefore, it is essential to determine the number of consumers installed with

electromechanical meters under each division of the distribution Utility. This will also enable

utility to build a framework for time bound manner replacement of such meters over the

period of time and estimation of investment needed.



The consumer meters shall be installed either at consumer premises or outside the consumer

premises. Meaningful analysis of consumer metering would only be obtained by current

status of metering consumers. The status of consumer metering shall be categorized as:

Division wise, sub division wise, category wise status of billing

List of consumer‟s category whose meters had not been read, identified defective,

reading defective etc.

No. of consumers installed with electro-mechanical meters, electronic meters etc.

Circle, division, sub division wise status of stop/dead/defective meters ending March

2012 and subsequent replacement of such meters in the period ending March 2013.

The obtained data would be tabulated into the framework developed for each consumer

category in dub-division, division and 11KV feeder wise. The number of un-metered

consumers shall be obtained by subtracting the number of correct meter consumers from the

total number of consumers. The captured details and consistency of the data shall be verified

by identification of common errors, examination of physical records and collection from

multiple resources as and when required to obtain accurate estimation of each category.

Utility as the case may be, shall examine, test and regulate all meters before installation and

only correct meters shall be installed.


The data on consumer metering shall be obtained from billing records, revenue records

maintained by section engineer‟s office and billing centers for taking a view on metering

status at each category and division level. The data will be collected of at least 3 billing

cycles in the form of copies of bill or in soft form (MS Access, MS excel, Text mode etc).

The data will be transported from different platforms on to one platform. Verification,

consistency and accuracy of the data shall be done from multiple records, examination of

physical records and by conducting individual field studies wherever required.


From the above collected data the total number of consumers installed with electromechanical,

electronic and Time of Day (TOD) meters can be calculated. The difference between the total number


of consumers in each sub division, division and feeder obtained in Module I and the number of

consumers metered will give the un-metered consumers under each category. The analysis shall

provide information on percent of consumers metered in each category. The same analysis format will

also give the figure on number of electromechanical meters in each category that should be replaced

with electronic meters.

Similarly, the format for determining the number of defective/dead/stop/inaccurate meters

under each consumer category shall be developed to determine the number of such meters in

each level. The analysis would enable the utility to assess the investment requirement for

replacement/rectification of meters and achieve 100% metering of all categories of

consumers. The data gaps so obtained shall be rectified with the utility. If required, field

analysis of the data on sample consumer basis shall be done for developing approximations

for identified areas. The indicative formats for analysis of data on consumer metering is

shown in Annexure B


7.0 Chapter 5

7.1 MODULE III: FEEDER/DTR METERING


III

Feeder/DT Metering

Status of feeders

metering

Status of DT metering

Status of feeder/DT meters

Objective of Module III

For the purpose of energy accounting relevant metering data of all the incoming and outgoing

feeders from 66KV/33KV substation and distribution transformers has to be available to

system. The objective of this module is to determine the metering status of the feeders

(11KV) and distribution transformers in sub-division and division level. It enables

measurement of losses on transformers, takes care of energy accounting, identifies areas of

theft, and monitors its supply, reliability and quality. Its usefulness will be enhanced by

indexing and metering with the category of consumers obtained in module I.


The total loss estimation requires accurate measurement of energy input to the HT (11KV)

and associated LT (400 V) feeders. The location of such meters shall be as under:

(a) All incoming feeders (11 kV and above)

(b) All outgoing feeders (11 kV and above)

(c) Sub-station transformer including distribution transformer- Licensee may provide the

meter on primary or secondary side or both sides depending upon the requirement for energy

accounting and audit.

The estimated losses will be accurate only if all the energy meters are in good working

conditions. However, in reality certain percentage of HT and LT feeder‟s meters would be

non functional due to some reason or the other. In most cases, appreciable percentage of

meters, mainly at the sending end of LT feeders located at the secondary of distribution

transformers (DTR) and consumer meters would be faulty. The methodology of feeder

metering would involve determination of number of feeders in each level along with the type


of meter installed in the identified feeders. The summation of the type of meters would give

the information on the metered feeders. The difference between the total number of feeders

and the metered feeders would give the un-metered feeders in each division and sub-division.

The same method shall be adopted to determine the metering status of distribution

transformers.


Data on metering of feeders and distribution transformers (DTR) would be obtained from

sample study in identified regions to determine the extent to which metering has been

realized in each division, sub-division and identify the area of pilferage and improve supply

conditions. For this purpose sample study methodology shall be developed based on suitable

statistical methods.


As explained above from the collected data the number of feeders/DTR metered in each

division, sub-division can be calculated. Also number of electromechanical and electronic

meters installed in feeders/DTRs in each category shall be obtained. To achieve the objective

of 100% metering the analysis shall determine the number of defective meters/un-metered

feeders and distribution transformers. The status of feeder/distribution transformer metering

i.e. the percentage of DTR metered and type of meters could be obtained using the format as

shown in Annexure C.


8.0 Chapter 6

8.1 MODULE IV: ENERGY AUDIT


IV Energy Audit

Energy Input

Energy Sold

Energy Billed Revenue Assessed

Revenue Realized

1. Energy Input into distribution system

2. Energy Sold category wise

3. Energy billed and category wise revenue assessed

4. Revenue realized category wise

Objective of Module IV

Compilation of baseline data is the starting point for energy accounting and audit. While

energy accounting gives the overall picture of energy availability and its use, energy audit

enables analysis of data in a meaningful manner to evolve a measure to: (i) introduce checks

and balances in the system; (ii) reduce distribution losses; and (iii) improve technical

performances of all elements of the distribution network. Energy audit at the sub-station level

and DT level shall start from DTs to 11kV feeders to 33/11kV sub-stations of the entire area

selected for auditing. Energy audit is undertaken to calculate the difference between the DT-

wise energy sent out and total of all the consumers‟ consumption.

The other objective of this module is to estimate the revenue equivalent to energy supplied to

the consumers. The consumers who are metered are billed on the basis of energy

consumption indicated in their respective meter. However, methods have to be adopted by the

utility for estimating the unmetered energy consumption. Unmetered supply to single point

connection to small domestic consumers of weaker section of the society and agricultural

pumps is one of the major reasons of commercial losses. Unmetered consumption also

includes metered category consumers who have defective or non-functional meters.

Estimation of energy consumed in unmetered supply has a great bearing in calculation of

T&D losses on account of inherent errors in estimation.

For energy audit it is also necessary to determine the revenue collected from each category of

the consumers for the service provided by the utility. Ideally, Revenue collected should be

equal to energy billed to the consumers. However, in actual it is not. This is because there are


large numbers of not paying, defaulted consumers who do not pay to the utility. This result in

direct revenue loss to the utility and hampers its financial stability. Such revenue loss

equivalent to un-collected amount is the commercial loss of the Utility. It is imperative to

determine the value of unrealized revenue to estimate the AT&C loss.


Energy Input

A sub-division is fed through feeders of different voltage level (66 kV/33 kV /11 kV etc.).

Energy meters shall be installed at input points of each of feeders (66 kV, 33 kV, 11 kV etc.)

and read them at pre-defined intervals. However, complications arise, as not all the feeders,

feed in the sub-division. There can be few feeders which feed beyond boundaries of sub-

division or some feeders which are outside the sub-division feeding into the area. These

feeders usually few in number cater to the loads within and outside the area. In such cases net

input energy to the sub-division from such feeder shall be considered. In addition, if 66 kV or

33 kV feeders are directly feeding to a dedicated consumer and that consumer(s) is within

sub-division, input of such feeder shall be considered as part of input energy to the sub-

division. In order to measure input energy in such cases, utility can do ring fencing of sub-

division through installation of import/export meters at sub-division boundaries. As

mentioned earlier too, there can be 11 kV feeders feeding within and outside sub-division.

The utility may install import/export meters at sub-division boundaries and account for total

energy supplied beyond town boundaries through them. While computing energy

consumption of sub-division, this energy may be subtracted from total energy consumption

arrived from meter reading.

The total loss estimation requires accurate measurement of energy input to the HT (11KV)

and associated LT (400 V) feeders. The estimated losses will be accurate only if all the

energy meters are in good working conditions. However, in reality certain percentage of HT

and LT feeder‟s meters would be non functional due to some reason or the other. In most

cases, appreciable percentage of meters, mainly at the sending end of LT feeders located at

the secondary of distribution transformers (DTR) and consumer meters would be faulty.

Moreover, the HT and LT consumer consumption supplied by these meters are noted by

different agencies at their own schedule, convenient for billing. It is not the standard practice

of distribution companies to collect and record the individual consumer consumption feeder


wise. Also the set date and time in the HT & LT feeder meters are sometimes non-

synchronized either due to not setting it correctly after replacing the drained batteries or not

taking care while commissioning. Hence the reading and estimated losses obtained using this

data would be erroneous.

In the above scenario, unmetered consumers billing will be done using the norms specified by

the respective SERC. The total consumption of distribution transformer (LT feeder input) can

be obtained by adding the total energy input for LT feeder with functional meters with non-

functional energy (DTR) meters as estimated by the SERC procedure.

Energy Sold

There are two types of consumers in a sub-division; metered and unmetered, billing for

metered consumers can be done through energy recorded by meters and the applicable tariff.

Unmetered consumers billing will be done through norms specified by the SERC. Sales in

terms of billed energy and corresponding billed revenue in a sub-division shall be computed

by adding the total energy consumed during the defined period by all consumers indicated in

their meters (Meter-Sales as Billed) and energy consumed by consumers based on

assessment/ unmetered connection (Unmetered-Sales as Billed).

Energy Billed

Energy is billed on the basis of energy consumed or energy sold to a consumer which can be

obtained from meter reading and assessment of unmetered connection. The bill amount is

computed on the basis of tariff fixed by regulatory commission for applicable customer

category. On the basis of the above data category wise revenue can be accessed directly.

Revenue Assessed

To achieve 100% metering at the consumer end, determination of unmetered consumption

(specifically for agricultural consumers) becomes critical. The energy billed to unmetered

consumers shall be assessed as per the norms specified by SERC and the applicable tariff

rates.

However, different SERC‟s have followed different methodology/norms for determination of

unmetered consumption. Some of the approaches followed by SERC‟s are mentioned below:


Table 3: Unmetered Sales Estimation Approaches

Particulars Approach 1 Approach 2 Approach 3 Approach 4

Details of the Approach

Estimation based on information available from

meters fixed on LV side of distribution

transformers for measuring consumption of

agriculture & domestic consumers

Based on normative level of consumption

Based on Average Load Factor for

metered connections

Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)

method as utilized to

measure metered sales

SERCs

following the respective approach

APERC

KERC

BERC

GERC

MPERC

MERC

PSERC

RERC

UPERC

UERC

CSERC

HERC

AERC

DERC

HPERC

JKERC

JERC

Revenue Realised

Collection efficiency determines the percentage of revenue collected from the consumers. A

collection efficiency of 100% indicates that the complete billed amount is recovered from the

consumers whereas an efficiency of above 100% includes some arrears of last billing cycle.


The data collection for the energy audit shall be as follows:

1) The input and out flow of energy to the distribution areas shall be energy recorded by ring

fencing meters.

2) The energy sale figures, energy billed and revenue collected shall be as per the metering,

billing, and collection record maintained by the utility.

3) Norms established by SERC for assessment of unmetered consumption

4) Any other relevant record / data and regulation / guidelines issued by respective SERC

Energy Input

Input energy data can be collected from the substation records, input and import/export

energy meters records maintained at section engineer‟s office. Discom is required to produce


the meter calibration certificate for above said meters. Such meters can be verified physically

on sample basis.

Energy Sold

Computation of energy sold to different consumer categories can be done through billing data

and consumer revenue data available with ERO and billing centre. These offices are

responsible for billing of the energy sold as well as revenue collected. Difference between

energy input and energy sold depends on the losses in the system losses can be of two types

(a) technical losses i.e. I2R losses and transformation losses of the system (b) commercial

losses which may be due to theft of energy, metering discrepancies, non-metering.

Energy Billed

Energy is billed on the basis of energy consumed or energy sold to a consumer which can be

obtained from meter reading and assessment of unmetered connection. The bill amount is

computed on the basis of tariff fixed by regulatory commission for applicable customer

category. On the basis of the above data category wise revenue can be accessed directly.

Revenue Assessed & Realised

The data on revenue assessed and realized shall be obtained from billing records & revenue

records maintained by ERO and billing centers for category wise determina tion of collection

efficiency. The data shall be collected of at least 3 billing cycles in the form of copies of bill

or in soft form (MS Access, MS excel, Text mode etc). The data will be transported from

different platforms to one common platform. The consistency and accuracy of the data shall

be verified from multiple records, examination of physical records and by conducting

individual field studies wherever required.


Having installed good quality meters in substation feeders and distribution transformers and

having collected data from these meters, the important task that remains is a thorough and

effective analysis to obtain information that will assist in decision making. By having data of

input energy and energy sold, billing efficiency of a sub-division can be calculated, which

depict the efficiency of discoms in converting the energy input into the sell. Energy sold and

energy billed is considered to be same without any exception. In any case energy sold or


billed shall not be more than energy input and such case arises due to other feeders feeding

into the feeder area which are not taken into account.

Similarly, from the data of amount billed and amount recovered from the consumers in a

given period, collection efficiency (ratio of amount recovered and amount billed) can be

calculated. Collection efficiency determines the efficiency of the utility to recover the

revenue equivalent to billed energy from the consumers. It is given as the ratio of amount

realized to amount billed. The collection efficiency should be 100% for the utility, in case it

is more than 100% it would include arrears of the last billing cycle. The data for energy audit

can be captured using the formats shown in annexure D

By using the norms adopted by SERCs to assess the unmetered energy consumption, the

energy billed shall be obtained by multiplying it with the SERC tariff rates applicable to each

unmetered category of consumers. The metered consumers shall be billed on the basis of

energy indicated in their respective meters and the applicable tariff. Summation of amount (in

Lakhs) billed to metered consumers, unmetered consumers and outstanding amount shall give

the total energy billed in each category. From the calculated data the collection eff iciency is

computed as the ratio between the revenue realized to energy billed.


9.0 Chapter 7

9.1 MODULE V: LOSSES DETERMINATION


VI Losses

determination

Distribution losses

AT&C Losses

1) Losses at each level viz (66-33 KV, 11KV and LT) Distribution losses

2) AT&C losses at all levels

Objective of Module VI

The biggest challenge to the Indian power distribution sector is the T&D losses which are as

high as 25.47% in FY08. A number of factors technical and non- technical are contributing to

the high T&D losses. Therefore, the main objective of this module is to compute losses at

distribution level (66-33KV, 11KV & LT). T&D losses are computed using the figures of

electricity bills issued to the consumers as accrued income and not on actual collection. The

concept of Aggregate Technical & Commercial loss (AT&C) was introduced to capture the

difference between the billing and collection, which was not captured in T&D loss. AT&C

loss is defined as the difference between units input into the system and the units for which

the payment is collected.


Economic viability of power system operation depends largely upon the losses in distribution

system. The definition of loss varies from state to state. Basically, two expressions are used to

compute the losses, namely Transmission & distribution loss (T&D) and Aggregate

Technical and Commercial Loss (AT&C). The method of computation of both the losses also

varies. AT&C loss is basically the difference between energy input and energy for which

revenue is realized after accounting for collection efficiency and it is to this extent that it

differs from T&D loss. T&D loss takes into account the losses in the T&D system including

commercial loss up to the point of billing and does not take into account the units for which

revenue is actually collected or realized. To achieve the motive of better estimation and

reduction of distribution losses, transmission losses should not be clubbed with distribution

losses.

3.1 Computation of Distribution Loss

The total energy loss in the distribution feeder is defined as the difference between the energy

input and energy supplied (billed). As mentioned above computation of distribution loss does


not take into account the collection efficiency of the utility. Following formula can be used

to calculate the loss at a particular distribution level:

Total energy loss = Loss in HT Feeder (11KV & above) + Loss in LT feeder (400V)

Where,

Loss in HT feeder = Energy input to HT feeder – (Energy sent out on LT feeder + billed

energy of HT consumers), kWh

and,

Loss in LT feeder = Energy input to LT feeder – billed energy of LT consumers, kWh

3.2 Computation of AT&C loss

The AT&C loss comprise of two elements: - 1) Technical loss and 2) Commercial Loss.

Technical loss primarily takes place due to transformation at various levels and I2R losses on

distribution lines. Commercial losses are due to illegal consumption of electrical energy,

which is not correctly metered, billed and revenue collected by the utility.

AT&C loss shall be calculated by subtracting the energy realized from the energy input.

AT&C loss = Energy Input – Energy Realized

Where,

Energy Realized = Energy billed * Collection efficiency

Collection efficiency = Amount collected / Amount billed


To compute losses of different levels of distribution levels as well as AT&C losses

collectively following data shall be there,

(a) Input energy at that distribution voltage level

(b) Energy sold to consumers at voltage level

(c) Revenue realized at voltage level

(d) Energy transformed to next voltage level


The three billing cycles, data such as energy inflow and outflow and corresponding revenue

collected for the project area shall be considered for computation of baseline (initial level)

AT&C losses for project area. In case, in the same project area some consumers are read

monthly, while others are read bimonthly, sales data shall be considered for corresponding

period. For example, there can be a case where HT consumers have monthly billing cycle and

other consumers have bimonthly billing cycle. In such cases, sales data of three billing cycle

for other category of consumers shall be considered while for HT consumers, sales data for 6

months shall be considered for computing AT&C Losses for the corresponding period. The

data collection format is shown in annexure E


Losses calculated using the above formulas shall be within permissible limit, values

calculated must satisfy certain criteria such as:

Billing efficiency shall not be more than 100% for any feeder- Such condition occurs

when an outside feeder is feeding to feeder area and energy input for the same is not

taken into account.

Collection efficiency shall not be more than 100% - Such condition arises if the

arrears for previous month is collected in collection period and some are not separated

from the collection against the billing period.

Loss level shall vary within a pre-defined level.

Differential analysis of technical losses, non-technical losses and collection efficiency

On the basis of above calculations and criteria‟s applied loss figures can be finalized.


10.0 Chapter 8

10.1 MODULE VI: INVESTMENT REQUIREMENT


VI Investment

Requirement

Addressing the

infrastructural

deficiencies

1. No. of distribution transmission

damaged including transformers at

66/11 KV 33/11 KV 66/33/6.6 KV

2. Investment required approval of

infrastructural deficiencies

Objective of Module VI

In the process of energy supplying to the consumers, technical and commercial losses occur

in the system. The technical losses are due to energy dissipation in the equipment and

conductor used for transmission (400KV/220KV/132KV/66KV), transformation, sub-

transmission (33KV/11KV) and distribution (11KV/0.4KV) of power. The commercial

losses occur due to pilferage, defective meters, and errors in metering and in estimating

unmetered supply of energy. A clear understanding on the magnitude of technical &

commercial losses is the primary step in the direction of reducing losses. For this, all the

consumers should be metered and the utility should formulate a time bound investment plan

to achieve 100% metering. In the absence of complete energy accounting, it is not possible to

estimate the realistic T&D losses. Therefore collection of reliable and detailed data on the

sources and quantum of losses become very important for designing, multipronged

programmes for reducing T&D losses with minimum investment.

The technical losses prevail in the distribution system due to inadequate investment resulting

in overloading of the system without commensurate strengthening and augmentation, rural

electrification using long 11KV and LT lines, too many stages of transformation, improper

load management, poor quality of equipments and inadequate reactive compensation.

Commercial losses occur due to theft, unauthorized extension of loads, tempering of meters,

bypassing of meters, willful burning of meters, changing sequence o f terminal wiring and


improper calibration of meters. Therefore, the main objective of this module is to assess the

deficiencies in the system and propose an investment that would be required to reduce losses

and strengthen the distribution system. The Augmentation of sub-transmission and

distribution network would involve three broad actions:

1. Commercial Action: Tamper proof metering, energy accounting up to feeder level,

de-centralized computerized billing & collection, Management information system

(MIS) development and duties and responsibilities up to the line man.

2. Technical Action: conversion of existing distribution network to HVDS network, re-

conductoring of overhead lines, GIS mapping, power factor correction etc.

3. Restructuring of Manpower: Review of manpower from the Superintending Engineer

to lineman and fixing responsibilities, duties and accountability at each level.


The investment required to overcome infrastructural deficiencies of distribution network shall

be obtained from the following:

(A) Module II: Consumer Metering

In order to assess the investment requirement of meters for each category of consumers at

different levels, the number of consumers not connected with the correct meters shall be

obtained from Module II. Also the type of meters (electromechanical/electronic) required for

new connection and replacement can also be determined from Module II.

(B) Module III: Feeder/DTR Metering (System Metering)

From this module the new meters required at 66, 33/11KV transformers, 66KV, 33KV &

11KV Feeders, 11/0.4 KV Distribution transformers shall be obtained.

(C) Renovation & Modernization of 66, 33/11KV & distribution sub-stations

The 66, 33/11 kV sub-stations are the backbone of the power distribution system and failure

in any substation results in outages/load shedding in large areas. Electrical distribution

equipments are generally designed for life span of 25 years. Beyond this period they are not

expected to render their service with desired efficiency. The requirement of materials for

renovation and modernization of sub-stations shall be worked out at each level. The main

steps involved in R&M and Life Extension of equipment are as under:

Review of Operation & Maintenance (O&M) records e.g. number of tripping, failures,

repairs/replacement, loading conditions etc.


Assessment of residual life of the components of the system by conducting Residual

Life Assessment (RLA) studies.

Identification of components requiring repairs, replacement, up gradation/retrofitting.

Condition monitoring of equipments in the substation.

(D) Reactive Compensation

To improve the power factor and voltage capacitors are installed at 33/11KV sub-stations,

11kV feeders and at LT bus of distribution transformers. The optimum rating of capacitor

banks for a distribution system is 2/3rd of the average KVAR requirement of that distribution

system. Depending on the permissible power factor prescribed in the conditions of supply of

electricity boards or licensee the number and KVAR capacity of capacitors shall be

computed.

(E) Erection of 66, 33 kV, 11 kV & LT feeders/ Reconductoring of feeders

In a distribution circle there are number of 66, 33KV, 11KV, LT feeders which are damaged,

overloaded/heavily loaded causing poor voltage regulation and energy loss. It is, therefore,

necessary to construct new lines and reconductor some existing lines. The Kilometer of

LT/HT lines need to erected/reconductor at 66, 33, 11 KV and LT voltage level shall be

computed at identified areas to determine the investment requirement.

Old Outlived HT/LT Cables shall be replaced, on the basis of age, no of faults, current

loading, and type of load.

Replacement of old overhead HT/LT conductor for load bifurcation.

Replacement of old outlived Feeder Pillars/LT switchgears on the basis of age, no of

faults, and current loading.

(F) New Distribution Transformers/Augmentation

To meet the load growth and improve the reliability of supply in the circle some new

transformers are required while some would have to be augmented. This shall be determined

from the number of transformers damaged, useful life of the transformer and heavily loaded

including transformers at 66/11 KV 33/11 KV 66/33/6.6 KV.

(G) Modernization Works

In addition to the above primary works, additional works need to be carried out such as

Computerization of Billing, spot billing centers, SCADA system, communication system, call


centers etc. The investment required for such establishments shall be computed as per the

orders/norms/guidelines specified by SERC.


The data on existing capacity of sub-station, feeder, distribution transformer, LT/HT lines &

capacitor bank shall be obtained from the asset register of the utility. The data on No. of

distribution transmission damaged including transformers at 66/11 kV 33/11 kV 66/33/6.6 kV

shall be obtained from failure register and manual inspection of lines and distribution

transformers wherever required. The information on cost of individual component/equipment

required to determine the investment shall be obtained from Capital cost benchmark report of

commission/regulator, from the electrical equipment supplier or from the records of the

utility.

Phase – III Data analysis and finalization of the results

The data collected on existing capacity of sub-station, feeder, distribution transformer,

LT/HT lines & capacitor bank shall be transported to suitable formats developed by IMaCS

for analysis. Evaluate of the existing capacity of the system and the required capacity shall be

done using the above proposed methodology to determine the infrastructural deficiency in the

system. The additional capacity/number so obtained shall be multiplied with the cost of the

system to determine the investment requirement for each system. The summation of all the

calculated investment from (A) to (G) shall determine the total investment requirement of the

utility for reduction of losses and mitigate infrastructural deficiency.

11.0 PREREQUISITE FOR PROJECT

In order to establish the base line data and calculate the AT&C losses of the project area,

utilities need to fulfill following pre requisite,

4.1 Proper metering at input points and different voltage levels of the project area

Metering is required at all the input points of the sub-division; energy meters shall be also

installed at each voltage feeder level (66 kV/33 kV/11 kV/6.6 kV) to calculate energy input

voltage level wise. Meters need to be installed for at each level for the proper reading of

energy input at different levels.


4.2 Proper Billing & Revenue Collection System

It is assumed that current billing system will be able to provide data required in module -1

and module – 2. If current billing system is not able to provide different data heads required

in above said modules, billing system shall be modified in way so that required data can be

obtained.

4.3 Ring fencing of the project area

Electrical network of the sub-division shall be ring fenced i.e. energy import and export

meters shall be installed at different points (a) Meters shall be installed on the feeders feeding

inside as well as outside the sub-division, irrespective of the location of the substation they

are emanating (b) Meters shall be installed at the feeders feeding outside the sub-division but

emanating from substations inside the area (c) Meters shall be installed at sub-stations.

12.0 Bibliography

1) Loss reduction strategies. Forum of regulators. 15 May 2013.

http://www.forumofregulators.gov.in/Data/HomePage/FOR%20Report%20on%20Loss%20R

eduction%20Strategy-11.11.2008.pdf

2) Establishing Baseline AT&C losses. Power Finance Corporation limited. 12 May 2013.


3) Installation and Operation of Meters Regulations, 2006. Central Electricity Authority. 10

May 2013.

http://powermin.nic.in/whats_new/pdf/Metering_Regulations.pdf

4) Energy Metering, Billing and Collection. Central Institute for Rural Electrification of

Rural Electrification Corporation limited. 08 May 2013.

http://recindia.nic.in/download/Energy_Metering_Billing_Collection_Course_Material_Eng_

VariantII.pdf

5) Working Group Report on Metering Issue. Forum of Regulators. 07 May 2013.

http://www.forumofregulators.gov.in/Data/Reports/Report-Metering

Issues%20august%202009.pdf

6) Chandra Sekar, P. Aradhya, R.S. Narayanan, M. A Novel Method for Estimation of HT

and LT Feeder Losses in Distribution System. 04 May 2013.

http://www.ee.iitb.ac.in/~npsc2008/NPSC_CD/Data/Oral/DIC4/p89.pdf




http://powermin.nic.in/whats_new/pdf/Metering_Regulations.pdf

http://recindia.nic.in/download/Energy_Metering_Billing_Collection_Course_Material_Eng_VariantII.pdf

http://recindia.nic.in/download/Energy_Metering_Billing_Collection_Course_Material_Eng_VariantII.pdf

http://www.forumofregulators.gov.in/Data/Reports/Report-Metering%20Issues%20august%202009.pdf

http://www.forumofregulators.gov.in/Data/Reports/Report-Metering%20Issues%20august%202009.pdf

http://www.ee.iitb.ac.in/~npsc2008/NPSC_CD/Data/Oral/DIC4/p89.pdf


7) FORMAT- 51 Periodicity-Monthly Submission by 3rd day. Central Electricity Authority.

15 May 2013.

http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/regulation/furnishing_statistics_returns_inf/format%2051.pdf

8) FORMAT-57 Periodicity- Monthly Submission by 3rd day. Central Electricity Authority.

15 May 2013.


9) FORMAT-58 Periodicity- Monthly Submission by 3rd day. Central Electricity Authority.

15 May 2013. http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/planning/gen_rev_proforma/FORMAT58.pdf

10) Highlights of Power Sector. Central Electricity Authority. 27 May 2013 http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/monthly/executive_rep/mar12/1-2.pdf



http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/planning/gen_rev_proforma/FORMAT58.pdf

http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/monthly/executive_rep/mar12/1-2.pdf


13.0 LIST OF ANNEXURE*

* All data is dummy figure used solely for calculation purpose

Annexure A

Input Format 1: Category wise No. Of consumers in Sub Division

11 KV Feeders

S .No. Consumer Category Feeder 1 Feeder 2 Feeder 3 Feeder 4 Feeder 5 Feeder 6 Feeder 7 Feeder 8 Feeder 9 Total Remarks

1 Domestic 566 376 778 884 897 654 389 768 845 6,157

2 Non Domestic/Commercial 678 987 765 987 678 543 788 889 98 6,413

3 Agriculture 789 567 345 678 556 987 345 678 987 5,932

4 State/Central Govt. Department 124 556 987 325 678 556 987 987 88 5,288

5 Public Street Lighting 434 435 874 123 435 389 123 325 678 3,816

6 LT Industrial 567 688 788 678 987 88 678 227 123 4,824

7 HT Industrial 543 998 324 678 325 678 987 88 124 4,745

8 HT-PIU Industrial 345 678 227 123 435 389 123 434 678 3,432

9 LT Public Water Works 324 678 325 678 987 88 124 556 987 4,747

10 HT Public Water Works 234 87 543 998 434 678 543 998 678 5,193

11 General Purpose bulk supply 123 434 678 227 123 434 678 435 389 3,521

Total 4,727 6,484 6,634 6,379 6,535 5,484 5,765 6,385 5,675 54,068


Input Format 2: Category wise no. Of consumers in Division

Sub-division I Sub-division II Sub-division III Sub-division IV Total for Division

Remarks S.No. Consumer Category No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %

1 Domestic 6,157 11% 5,932 12% 5,288 11% 5,599 11% 12,089 12%

2 Non Domestic/Commercial 6,413 12% 5,193 11% 3,754 8% 5,932 12% 11,606 11%

3 Agriculture 5,932 11% 3,521 7% 3,521 7% 3,521 7% 9,453 9%

4 State/Central Govt. Department 5,288 10% 5,288 11% 4,842 10% 5,288 10% 10,576 10%

5 Public Street Lighting 3,816 7% 3,816 8% 3,816 8% 3,816 7% 7,632 7%

6 LT Industrial 4,824 9% 4,824 10% 4,824 10% 4,824 9% 9,648 9%

7 HT Industrial 4,745 9% 4,745 10% 4,745 10% 4,745 9% 9,490 9%

8 HT-PIU Industrial 3,432 6% 3,432 7% 3,432 7% 3,432 7% 6,864 7%

9 LT Public Water Works 4,747 9% 4,747 10% 4,747 10% 4,747 9% 9,494 9%

10 HT Public Water Works 5,193 10% 3,529 7% 4,082 9% 5,193 10% 8,722 9%

11 General Purpose bulk supply 3,521 7% 3,392 7% 4,143 9% 4,128 8% 6,913 7%

Total 54,068 48,419

47,194 51,225 102,487


Input Format 3: Category wise no. Of consumers in Circle

Division I Division II Division III Total for Circle

Remarks S .No. Consumer Category No. % No. % No. % No. %

1 Domestic 12,089 12% 24,656 12% 21,752 11% 58,497 11%

2 Non Domestic/Commercial 11,606 11% 20,774 10% 17,035 8% 49,415 9%

3 Agriculture 9,453 9% 21,301 10% 17,011 8% 47,765 9%

4 State/Central Govt. Department 10,576 10% 19,771 9% 21,040 10% 51,387 10%

5 Public Street Lighting 7,632 7% 21,843 10% 18,867 9% 48,342 9%

6 LT Industrial 9,648 9% 18,194 9% 19,442 9% 47,284 9%

7 HT Industrial 9,490 9% 18,964 9% 19,260 9% 47,714 9%

8 HT-PIU Industrial 6,864 7% 17,671 8% 17,087 8% 41,622 8%

9 LT Public Water Works 9,494 9% 16,756 8% 19,898 10% 46,148 9%

10 HT Public Water Works 8,722 9% 15,269 7% 17,220 8% 41,211 8%

11 General Purpose bulk supply 6,913 7% 18,468 9% 17,030 8% 42,411 8%

Total 102,487 213,667 205,642 521,796


Input Format 4: Sub-Division wise Power demand (Restricted/Unrestricted)/Contracted Power Demand

FY12-13

S .no Consumer Category Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Total Remarks

1 Domestic 234 546 567 873 212 121 234 456 456 321 234 567 4,821

2 Non Domestic/Commercial 478 789 989 876 674 357 654 434 128 431 554 667 7,031

3 Agriculture 546 765 789 234 224 433 444 654 567 876 765 677 6,974

4 State/Central Govt. Department 875 875 654 546 546 898 478 897 667 897 444 444 8,221

5 Public Street Lighting 567 456 321 234 567 890 654 675 677 445 456 567 6,509

6 LT Industrial 434 128 431 554 654 987 598 554 898 478 875 989 7,580

7 HT Industrial 123 567 445 675 332 655 723 546 890 654 456 789 6,855

8 HT-PIU Industrial 234 652 897 667 897 879 436 234 987 598 128 654 7,263

9 LT Public Water Works 554 654 345 776 657 898 789 554 655 723 546 321 7,472

10 HT Public Water Works 675 332 989 876 674 767 567 675 890 654 567 356 8,022

11 General Purpose bulk supply 667 897 567 445 675 332 655 567 766 876 654 765 7,866

Total 5,387 6,661 6,994 6,756 6,112 7,217 6,232 6,246 7,581 6,953 5,679 6,796 78,614


Output Format 1: Percentage of consumers Sub-Division Wise of Division ‘X’

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

Sub-division I Sub-division II Sub-division III Sub-division IV


Output Format 2: Percentage of consumers Division Wise of Circle ‘X’

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

Division I Division II Division III


Annexure B

Input Format 5: Sub-Division wise number of Consumers Metered

S.no Consumer Category

No. Of

Consumers

No. of Metered consumers

% of

metering Remarks

No. of Electro-Mechanical

meters

No of electronic

meters

No of TOD

meters

Total

Metered

1 Domestic 6,157 2354 3224 0 5578 90.6%

2 Non Domestic/Commercial 6,413 1243 4342 0 5585 87.1%

3 Agriculture 5,932 897 1342 0 2239 37.7%

4 State/Central Govt. Department 5,288 3214 867 0 4081 77.2%

5 Public Street Lighting 3,816 2113 127 0 2240 58.7%

6 LT Industrial 4,824 2009 2312 0 4321 89.6%

7 HT Industrial 4,745 3356 211 0 3567 75.2%

8 HT-PIU Industrial 3,432 1567 765 0 2332 67.9%

9 LT Public Water Works 4,747 2314 1421 0 3735 78.7%

10 HT Public Water Works 5,193 2231 1211 0 3442 66.3%

11 General Purpose bulk supply 3,521 1321 113 0 1434 40.7%

Total 54068 22619 15935 0 38554 71.3%


Input Format 6: Division wise number of Consumers Metered


No. Of

Consumers

No. of Metered consumers

% of

metering Remarks

No. of Electro-

Mechanical meters

No of electronic

meters

No of TOD

meters Total

A Division I

Sub Division I Sub Division I 54,068 22,619 15,935 - 38,554 71%

Sub Division II Sub- Division II 48,419 21,700 17,000 - 38,700 80%

Sub Division III Sub- Division III 47,194 18,200 17,000 - 35,200 75%

Sub Division IV Sub- Division IV 51,225 20,733 18,848 - 39,581 77%

Sub-Total 200,906 83,252 68,783 - 152,035 76%

B Division II

Sub Division I Sub- Division I 53,455 20,240 21,684 - 41,924 78%




Sub Total 213,667 82,040 70,484 - 152,524 71%

C Division III

Sub Division I Sub- Division I 51,132 20,240 18,242 - 38,482 75%




Sub Total 205,642 83,340 65,842 - 149,182 73%

Grand Total 620,215 248,632 205,109 - 453,741 73%


Input Format 7: Sub-Division wise Meters Defective/Replaced


Dead,Stop, defective

meters ending 31.03.2012

Additional During

01.04.2012 to 31.03.2013

Replacement During

01.04.2012 to 31.03.2013

Dead,Stop, defective

meters ending

31.03.2013

Remarks 1- ph 3- Ph Total 1- ph 3- Ph Total 1- ph 3- Ph Total 1- ph 3- Ph Total

1 Domestic 14 - 14 23 - 23 23 - 23 14 - 14

2 Non Domestic/Commercial 54 32 86 43 87 130 54 56 110 43 63 106

3 Agriculture 67 56 123 56 65 121 32 34 66 91 87 178

4 State/Central Govt. Department 89 76 165 76 34 110 12 12 24 153 98 251

5 Public Street Lighting 32 87 119 23 56 79 34 32 66 21 111 132

6 LT Industrial 45 65 110 87 43 130 56 45 101 76 63 139

7 HT Industrial 78 34 112 98 12 110 75 43 118 101 3 104

8 HT-PIU Industrial 64 56 120 67 45 112 89 54 143 42 47 89

9 LT Public Water Works 12 98 110 87 67 154 68 76 144 31 89 120

10 HT Public Water Works 35 121 156 12 54 66 20 56 76 27 119 146

11 General Purpose bulk supply 78 19 97 76 65 141 23 34 57 131 50 181

Total 568 644 1,212 648 528 1,176 486 442 928 730 730 1,460


Input Format 8: Division wise Meters Defective/Replaced


Dead,Stop, defective meters

ending 31.03.2012

Additional During

01.04.2012 to 31.03.2013

Replacement During

01.04.2012 to 31.03.2013

Dead,Stop, defective meters

ending 31.03.2013

Remarks 1- ph 3- Ph Total 1- ph 3- Ph Total 1- ph 3- Ph Total 1- ph 3- Ph Total

A Division I

1 Sub Division I 568 644 1,212 648 528 1,176 486 442 928 730 730 1,460

2 Sub- Division II 485 493 978 486 442 928 452 515 967 519 420 939

3 Sub- Division III 575 601 1,176 558 526 1,084 505 625 1,130 628 502 1,130

4 Sub- Division IV 517 517 517 517 517 517 517 517 517 517 517 1,034

Sub-Total 3,883 3,705 3,542 4,563

B Division II

1 Sub- Division I 485 493 978 486 442 928 452 515 967 519 420 939

2 Sub- Division II 517 590 1,107 517 560 1,077 541 649 1,190 493 501 994

3 Sub- Division III 541 649 1,190 486 442 928 452 515 967 575 576 1,151

4 Sub- Division IV 517 590 1,107 575 601 1,176 510 646 1,156 582 545 1,127

Sub Total 4,382 4,109 4,280 4,211

C Division III

1 Sub- Division I 575 601 1,176 558 526 1,084 505 625 1,130 628 502 1,130

2 Sub- Division II 486 442 928 452 515 967 461 649 1,133 477 308 785

3 Sub- Division III 568 644 1,212 648 528 1,176 394 460 854 822 712 1,534

4 Sub- Division IV 486 442 928 452 515 967 461 649 1,133 477 308 785

Sub Total 4,244 4,194 4,250 4,234

Defective Meters 25,018 24,016 24,144 26,016

Correct Meters 594,199


Output Format 3: Consumers Metered in Sub-division of Division ’X’

71.3%

80%

75%

77%

66.0%

68.0%

70.0%

72.0%

74.0%

76.0%

78.0%

80.0%

82.0%

% of metering

Sub Division I, Parade Sub- Division II, Canal Sub- Division III, Parade Sub- Division IV, Nagota


Output Format 4: Meter Requirement in Sub-Division of Division ‘X’

14

106

178

251

132

139

104

89

120

146

181

1

65

57

87

97

125

84

80

119

122

102

59

109

99

84

218

113

100

90

118

108

32

52

134

89

68

36

72

66

76

73

155

207

- 50 100 150 200 250 300

Domestic

Non Domestic/Commercial

Agriculture

State/Central Govt. Department

Public Street Lighting

LT Industrial

HT Industrial

HT-PIU Industrial

LT Public Water Works

HT Public Water Works

General Purpose bulk supply

Sub Division IV Sub Division III Sub Division II Sub Division I


Output Format 5: Meter Requirement in Division of Circle ‘X’

4,563

4,211 4,234

4,000

4,100

4,200

4,300

4,400

4,500

4,600

Division I Division II Division III

Dead,Stop, defective meters ending 31.03.2013


Annexure C

Input Format 9: Sub-division wise Meter Status

S.No. DTR Code DTR Name

Type of DTR meter

Defective Remark Electronic Electromechanical

1 11DTR1 DTR-A 1

2 11DTR2 DTR-B 1

3 11DTR3 DTR-C 1

4 11DTR4 DTR-D 1

5 11DTR5 DTR-E 1

6 11DTR6 DTR-F 1

7 11DTR7 DTR-G 1

8 11DTR8 DTR-H 1

Total 2 4 2

S.No. Feeder Code Feeder Name

Type of feeder meter

Defective Remark Electronic Electromechanical

1 11FD1 11FD-A 1

2 11FD1 11FD-B 1

3 11FD1 11FD-C 1

4 11FD1 11FD-D 1

5 11FD1 11FD-E 1

6 11FD1 11FD-F 1

7 11FD1 11FD-G 1

8 11FD1 11FD-H 1

Total 2 3 3


Input Format 10: Division wise 11KV Feeder Meter Status

Division

11KV feeder

Electromechanical meters Electronic Defective Remarks

I

Subdiv I 4 2 2

Subdiv II 3 3 4

Subdiv III 3 4 5

Subdiv IV 5 5 6

Sub -total 15 14 17

II

Subdiv I 1 2 5

Subdiv II 3 3 4

Subdiv III 2 5 1

Subdiv IV 5 4 2

Sub -total 11 14 12

III

Subdiv I 4 5 6

Subdiv II 1 2 3

Subdiv III 6 5 5

Subdiv IV 3 4 1

Sub -total 14 16 15

Grand total 42 44 44


Input Format 11: Division wise Metering of Distribution Transformer

Division

Distribution Transformer metering

Remarks No. of feeders Metered Un-metered % Metering completed

Division I

Subdiv I 8 7 1 88%

Subdiv II 8 3 5 38%

Subdiv III 8 5 2 63%

Subdiv IV 8 8 0 100%

Sub -total 32 23 8 72%

Division II

Subdiv I 8 4 4 50%

Subdiv II 8 6 2 75%


Subdiv IV 8 5 3 63%

Sub -total 32 19 13 59%

Division III

Subdiv I 8 7 1 88%

Subdiv II 8 2 6 25%


Subdiv IV 8 4 3 50%

Sub -total 32 14 17 44%

Grand total 96 56 38 58%


Output Format 6: Feeder/DTR Meter type in Sub-Division of Division ‘X’

Output Format 7: Feeder/DTR Meter type in Division of Circle ‘X’

2

3 33 3

2

3 3

22

4

2

0

1

2

3

4

5

Electronic Electromechanical Defective

Sub division I Sub division II Sub division III Sub division IV

1514

17

11

14

12

14

1615

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Electromechanical meters Electronic Defective

Division I

Division II

Division III


Output Format 8: DTR Metering in Divisions of Circle ‘X’

88%

38%

63%

100%

50%

75%

50%

63%

88%

25%

13%

50%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Subdiv I Subdiv II Subdiv III Subdiv IV

Division I

Division II

Division III


Annexure D

Input Format 12: Sub-Division wise Energy Sold

S.no Consumer Category Input Energy Kwh

Energy Sold (KwH)

Total Sold (Kwh) Billing Effeciency (%) Remarks Metered Assessed

1 Domestic 1200 900 100 1000 83%

2 Non Domestic/Commercial 1000 500 200 700 70%

3 Agriculture 900 200 600 800 89%

4 State/Central Govt. Department 1500 700 600 1300 87%

5 Public Street Lighting 1000 500 100 600 60%

6 LT Industrial 2000 1500 100 1600 80%

7 HT Industrial 2500 2300 0 2300 92%

8 HT-PIU Industrial 3000 2700 0 2700 90%

9 LT Public Water Works 1000 800 0 800 80%

10 HT Public Water Works 700 500 0 500 71%

11 General Purpose bulk supply 100 90 0 90 90%

Total 14900 10690 1700 12390 83%


Input Format 13: Sub-Division wise Energy Billed


Energy Billed Realisation

Collection efficiency (%) Remarks Kwh Current Rs Lakhs

Outstanding Rs Lakhs

Total

Rs Lakhs

Current

Rs Lakhs

Outstanding Rs Lakhs

Total

Rs Lakhs

1 Domestic 1000 4000 1000 5000 4500 500 5000 113%

2 Non Domestic/Commercial 700 2800 800 3600 2800 800 3600 100%

3 Agriculture 800 3200 1500 4700 2700 2000 4700 84%

4 State/Central Govt. Department 1300 5200 2500 7700 4900 2800 7700 94%

5 Public Street Lighting 600 2400 1000 3400 2300 1100 3400 96%

6 LT Industrial 1600 6400 2000 8400 6500 1900 8400 102%

7 HT Industrial 2300 9200 0 9200 9200 0 9200 100%

8 HT-PIU Industrial 2700 10800 1200 12000 9800 2200 12000 91%

9 LT Public Water Works 800 3200 1900 5100 3000 2100 5100 94%

10 HT Public Water Works 500 2000 1000 3000 1500 1500 3000 75%

11 General Purpose bulk supply 90 360 0 360 310 50 360 86%

Total 12390 49560 12900 62460 47510 14950 62460 96%


Output Format 9: Collection Efficiency (%) in Sub Divisions of Division ‘X’

90%

78%

57%

64%

68%

77%

100%

82%

59%

50%

86%

83%

94%

87%

83%

78%

74%

82%

79%

53%

71%

77%

98%

91%

79%

88%

73%

100%

78%

78%

82%

88%

75%

70%

90%

86%

83%

78%

86%

78%

69%

79%

76%

85%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%

Domestic


Agriculture



LT Industrial

HT Industrial

HT-PIU Industrial




Sub division IV Sub division III Sub division II Sub division I


Output Format 10: Energy Billed Vs Energy Realized in Division ‘X’

30900

31900

24700

28400

13900

20600

23310

25700

27600

10500

3360

26400

28800

19700

22400

10200

16800

20450

19900

18900

7400

2710

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000

Domestic


Agriculture



LT Industrial

HT Industrial

HT-PIU Industrial




Realisation (Lakhs) Energy Billed (Lakhs)


Annexure E

Input Format 14: 11KV feeder wise Energy Audit in Sub-division

S.no Name of 11 KV feeder Feeder code Input energy on feeder Energy exported

Net

Input

in Sub-division

Sales on the feeder (inside sub-division

Total Sales ( inside Sub-division )

Amount

billed on the

feeder

(inside Sub Division)

Revenue

Collected

on the

feeder

(inside sub-division)

Metered

Sales

(Kwh)

Unmetered

Sales

(Kwh)

1 FD_A 11FD1 18000 1200 16800 7500 2000 9500 0.38 32000

1 FD_B 11FD2 7000 2300 4700 4200 700 4900 0.196 17300

1 FD_C 11FD3 15000 200 14800 2700 500 3200 0.128 10100

1 FD_D 11FD4 9000 2500 6500 3100 800 3900 0.156 13498

Total(MU) 0.0049 0.00062 0.00428 0.00175 0.0004 0.00215 0.86 0.72898


Input Format 15: Baseline AT &C Losses for the project area

Sl. No Status of last three billing cycles Period/ Unit Billing

Cycle-1

Billing

Cycle-2

Billing

Cycle-3

Total

Description Period Aug-Sep'12 Oct-Nov'12 Dec'12-Jan'13

1 Number of Metered Consumers No, 26,650 26,859 27,204

2 Number of Unmetered Consumers No. - - -

3 Input Energy (Ei) kWh 9,979,580 8,931,450 7,537,810 26,448,840

4a Metered Energy Sales (E1) kWh 8,405,697 7,308,287 6,475,975 22,189,959

4b Unmetered Energy Sales (E2) kWh - - - -

4c Total Energy Billed (Eb=E1+E2) kWh 8,405,697 7,308,287 6,475,975 22,189,959

5 Amount Billed (Ab) Rs. 33,551,233 28,171,609 24,444,685 86,167,527

6a Gross Amount Collected (Ag) Rs. 32,694,575 27,919,495 24,191,781 84,805,851

6b Arrears Collected (Ar) Rs. 363,767 597,107 456,253 1,417,127

6c Amount Collected w/o Arrears (Ac=Ag-Ar) Rs. 32,330,808 27,322,388 23,735,528 83,388,724

7 Bill ing Efficiency (B.E. = Eb/Ei *100) % 84.23% 81.83% 85.91% 83.90%

8 Collection Efficiency (C.E. = Ac/Ab *100) % 96.36% 96.99% 97.10% 96.78%

9 AT&C Loss {(1-B.E.*C.E.)*100} % 18.83% 20.64% 16.58% 18.81%

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